Засварлах: Кварк

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big>__TOC__</span></span>

==<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ <br>ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋</big></big></span>==
[[File:Standard Model of Elementary Particles.svg|thumb|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big>ᠡᠭᠡᠯ<br>ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ<br>ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠋ᠳᠠᠷᠲ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ</big></span>]]
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠧᠯᠯ-ᠮᠠᠨᠨ</big></big> <small>(Murray Gell-Mann)</small> <big><big>ᠠᠩᠬ ᠠ</big></big> <span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">1963</span> <big><big>ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠧᠢᠢᠮᠰ ᠵᠣᠢᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ</big></big> <small>(James Joyce)</small>  <big><big>《ᠹᠢᠨᠨᠡᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ》ᠵᠥᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠦ</big></big> <small>Three quarks for Muster Mark!</small> <big><big>ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃</big></big> 
<br><br><br><br>
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==<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ</big></big></span>==
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>'''ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ'''</big></big><br> 
<big><big>ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷᠲ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ᠃ <br />
ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂ ᠨᠧᠦᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br /></big></big>
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==<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ <br>ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ</big></big></span>==
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"> 
<big><big>'''ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ'''᠄  ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ (ᠦᠨᠡᠷ) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ</big></big> 1⁄3᠂ <big><big>ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ</big></big> 2⁄3 <big><big>ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃
<br>'''ᠰᠫᠢᠨ'''᠎: ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠸᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ</big></big> +''ħ''/2 <big><big>ᠪᠣᠶᠣ</big></big> −''ħ''/2 <big><big>ᠣᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ᠎-½ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃</big></big><ref>
{cock{cite book|author=F. Close|title=The New Cosmic Onion|pages=80–90|publisher=[[|CRC Press]]|year=2006|isbn=1-58488-798-2</span>
</ref>
<br><big><big>'''ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ'''  ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃  ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃  ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂  ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ (ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ᠂ ᠭᠣᠶᠣ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ)</big></big> W <big><big>ᠪᠣᠽᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠬᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ (ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ) ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃  ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠎ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠎᠂ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠎᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ (ᠠᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ) ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃</big></big> 
[[File:Exampl2.png|thumb| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><br><br><big>ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ<br>ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ</big></span>]]
<br /><span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>'''ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ'''᠄ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠶ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠯᠦ᠋ᠶᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠲᠡᠶ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠻᠷᠣᠮᠣᠳᠢᠨᠠᠮᠢᠻ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃
<br>'''ᠮᠠᠰᠰ'''᠄ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠮᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠸᠡᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠯᠦ᠋ᠶᠣᠨ᠎ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃</big></big>
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===<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ  <br>ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ  <br>ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ</big></big></span>===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto; text-align:center"
|+<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr">'''<big><big>ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ<br />ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ<br />ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦᠨ<br /> ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ</big></big></span>'''<ref name=PDGQuarks>
{{cite journal
 |author1=K.A. Olive
 |displayauthors=etal
 |collaboration=[[|Particle Data Group]]
 |title=Review of Particle Physics
 |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=090001
 |year=2014
 |bibcode=2014ChPhC..38i0001O
 |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/38/9/090001
<big><big></span></ref>
!  <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ</big></big></span><br />.....
! <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ</big></big></span>
! <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠮᠠᠰᠰ</big></big></span> ([[|Electronvolt (mass)|MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>]])<sup>*</sup>
!width="50"|''J''
!width="50"|''B''
!width="50"|''Q'' ([[|elementary charge|e]])
!width="50"|''I''<sub>3</sub>
!width="50"|''C''
!width="50"|''S''
!width="50"|''T''
!width="50"|''B′''
! <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ<br />ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ</big></big></span>.............
! <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ<br />ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ<br />ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ</big></big></span>᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃
|-
|colspan="13"|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"> <big><big>'''''ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ<br />ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ'''''</big></big></span>
|-
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ</big></big></span>
| u
|   2.3±0.7 ± 0.5
| 1/2
| +1/3
| +2/3
| +1/2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ<br />ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ</big></big></span>
| ū
|-
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ</big></big></span>
| d
| 4.8±0.5±0.3
| 1/2
| +1/3
| −1/3
| −1/2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ<br />ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ</big></big></span>
| ƌ
|-
|colspan="13"|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>'''''ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ<br />ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ'''''</big></big></span>
|-
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠭᠣᠶᠤ</big></big></span>
| c
| 1275±25
| 1/2
| +1/3
| +2/3
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ<br />ᠭᠣᠶᠤ</big></big></span>
| ċ
|-
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠭᠠᠵᠢ</big></big></span>
| s
| 95±5
| 1/2
| +1/3
| −1/3
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| 0
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ<br />ᠭᠠᠵᠢ</big></big></span>
| ṡ
|-
|colspan="13"|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>'''''ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ<br />ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ'''''</big></big></span>
|-
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠲᠠᠭ</big></big></span>
| t
| 173210±510±710
| 1/2
| +1/3
| +2/3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| 0
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ<br />ᠲᠠᠭ</big></big></span>
| ṫ
|-
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ</big></big></span>
| b
| 4180±30
| 1/2
| +1/3
| −1/3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| −1
| <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ<br />ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ</big></big></span>
| ƃ
|}
<small><center>''J'' = <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ<br />ᠦᠩᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ<br />ᠮᠣᠮᠧᠨᠲ</big></big></span>, ''B'' = <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠶᠣᠨ ᠤ<br />ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ</big></big></span>, ''Q'' = <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ<br />ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ</big></big></span>, ''I''<sub>3</sub> = <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠢᠰᠣᠰᠫᠢᠨ</big></big></span>, ''C'' = <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠭᠣᠶᠤ<br />ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ</big></big></span>, ''S/'' = <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠭᠠᠵᠢ<br />ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ</big></big></span>, ''T'' = <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠲᠠᠭ<br />ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ</big></big></span>, ''B''′ = <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ<br />ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ</big></big></span></center>
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=<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big> ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ <br>ᠦᠭᠡᠰ</big></big> </span>=
кварк<br>
кваркийн онол<br>
эгэл бөөмс<br>
quarks<br>
elementary particles<br>
quant mechanics<br>
<br>

=<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr"><big><big>ᠡᠬᠢ <br>ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ</big></big> </span>=