20:46, 23 Есдүгээр сар 2020-ий байдлаарх засвар

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨcation᠎ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎anion᠎ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠢ H⁺ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠠᠨ᠎᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠢ OH^– ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃^[1]
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃^[2]᠄

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ + ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ → ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ + ᠤᠰᠤ

ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋᠄ NaCl᠂ CuCl₂᠃

ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠯᠢᠲelectrolyte ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃^[3]

ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢsodium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶammonium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋chloride᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄

ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ NH₄⁺

ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢcalcium Ca²⁺

ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ Fe²⁺
ᠪᠠ
Fe³⁺

ᠮᠠᠭᠨᠢmagnesium
Mg²⁺

ᠻᠠᠯᠢpotassium K⁺

ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠨᠢpyridinium C₅H₅NH⁺

ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠮᠢᠠᠻquaternary ammonium NR₄²⁺

᠂

R

ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠻᠢᠯalkyl ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯaryl ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ

ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ Na⁺

ᠵᠡᠰ Cu²⁺

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ (ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ)᠄

ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲacetate CH₃COO⁻ (ᠴᠤᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲcarbonate CO₃²⁻ (ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋chloride Cl⁻ (ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠼᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲcitrate HOC(COO⁻)(CH₂COO⁻)₂ (ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠼᠢᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠋cyanide C≡N⁻ (ᠰᠢᠨᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳfluoride F⁻ (hydrofluoric ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲnitrate NO₃^- (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲnitrite NO₂^- (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠢᠰᠦᠯ O^2-

ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲphosphate PO₄^3- (ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠰᠦ᠋ᠹᠠᠲsulfate SO₄^2- (ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

давс

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

[1] The Learning App Byju's. Salt chemistry. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22

[2] Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22

[3] Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ 25-р мөр: / 25-р мөр: @@
 <dd>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ {{Horizontal}}Na<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br>
 <dd>ᠵᠡᠰ {{Horizontal}}Cu<sup>2+</sup>{{Z}}</dd><br><br>
+ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ (ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ)᠄<br>
+<dd><ruby>ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ<rt>acetate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (ᠴᠤᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ<rt>carbonate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>{{Z}} (ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋<rt>chloride</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}Cl<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠼᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ<rt>citrate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}HOC(COO<sup>−</sup>)(CH<sub>2</sub>COO<sup>−</sup>)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}} (ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠼᠢᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠋<rt>cyanide</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}C≡N<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (ᠰᠢᠨᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ<rt>fluoride</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}F<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (hydrofluoric ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ<rt>nitrate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ<rt>nitrite</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd>ᠢᠰᠦᠯ {{Horizontal}}O<sup>2-</sup>{{Z}}
+<dd><ruby>ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ<rt>phosphate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠰᠦ᠋ᠹᠠᠲ<rt>sulfate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)</dd><br><br>
 =ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=