23:00, 19 Гуравдугаар сар 2021-ий байдлаарх засвар

ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ


ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ‍ᠦᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ 180°᠃	$\alpha +\beta +\gamma =180^{\circ }$

ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ^[1] ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠡᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (Εὐκλείδης) ᠪᠡᠷ "ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" (Στοιχεῖον) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 13 ᠪᠣᠲᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃^[2]

ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ

ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ᠂ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠳᠤᠢᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃^[3]
ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃^[4]
"ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ‍‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄

1. ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
2. ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
3. ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
4. ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ᠃
5. ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃^[5]^[6]

ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠥᠮ

ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ‍ᠢ "ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃^[4]


ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃	$c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}$

1. ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
2. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
3. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
4. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
5. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
6. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
7. ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ (ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ)
8. ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
9. ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃^[7]^[6]

ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ

ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠯᠣᠭᠢᠻ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ‍ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠡᠩ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠂ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠦᠢ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠱᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠂ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃^[8]

ᠮᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ‍ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

↑ А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989
↑ B. L. Van Der Waerden. Science Awakening I, Volume 1. Noordhoff International. 1975. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17
↑ Ю. А. Гастев, А. С. Есенин-Вольпин. Аксиоматический метод. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/19
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦ᠊᠂ ᠨᠠ᠊᠂ ᠮᠣ᠊᠂ ᠠ᠊᠂ ᠤ᠊᠂ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1964᠃
↑ Урок геометрия 39 тем. Постулаты Евклида. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Н.Г.Подаева, Д.А.Жук. Лекции по основаниям геометрии. Елецкий Государственный Университет им. И.А.Бунина. Елец 2005. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09
↑ К.Лохматова, Н.Степанова. Презентация "Евклидова геометрия" (7 класс). ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09
↑ Значение геометрии. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17

[1] А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989

[2] B. L. Van Der Waerden. Science Awakening I, Volume 1. Noordhoff International. 1975. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17

[3] Ю. А. Гастев, А. С. Есенин-Вольпин. Аксиоматический метод. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/19

[:1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦ᠊᠂ ᠨᠠ᠊᠂ ᠮᠣ᠊᠂ ᠠ᠊᠂ ᠤ᠊᠂ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1964᠃

[5] Урок геометрия 39 тем. Постулаты Евклида. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09

[:0-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Н.Г.Подаева, Д.А.Жук. Лекции по основаниям геометрии. Елецкий Государственный Университет им. И.А.Бунина. Елец 2005. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09

[7] К.Лохматова, Н.Степанова. Презентация "Евклидова геометрия" (7 класс). ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09

[8] Значение геометрии. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

@@ 1-р мөр: / 1-р мөр: @@
 <div style="max-height: 80vh; writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">
 = ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ =
-<br>
+{| class="wikitable"
-<nowiki><span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Sum_of_angles_of_triangle_dzmanto.png|thumb|<span style="padding-left: 40px; writing-mode: vertical-lr; max-height: 15vh; "><big>ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ‍ᠦᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ 180°᠃</big>]]</span></nowiki>
+|+
+|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Sum_of_angles_of_triangle_dzmanto.png|alight: top|thumb|<span style="padding-left: 40px; writing-mode: vertical-lr; max-height: 15vh; "><big>ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ‍ᠦᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ 180°᠃</big></span>]]
+|<span style="padding: 20px"><math>\alpha+\beta+\gamma = 180^\circ</math><br>
+|}
 <br>
 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref> ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠡᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃
@@ 14-р мөр: / 17-р мөр: @@
 ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃<ref name=":1">ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦ᠊᠂ ᠨᠠ᠊᠂ ᠮᠣ᠊᠂ ᠠ᠊᠂ ᠤ᠊᠂ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1964᠃</ref><br>
 "ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ‍‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ <br><br>
-<nowiki><span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Parallel_postulate_en.svg|thumb|<span style="padding-left: 40px; writing-mode: vertical-lr; max-height: 35vh; "><big>ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ᠄ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃</big>]]</span></nowiki>
+<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Parallel_postulate_en.svg|thumb|<span style="padding-left: 40px; writing-mode: vertical-lr; max-height: 35vh; "><big>ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ᠄ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃</big>]]</span>
 <br>
 <span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">1.</span> ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br>
@@ 23-р мөр: / 26-р мөр: @@
 <br><br>
 ==ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠥᠮ==
-ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ‍ᠢ "ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref name=":1" /><br><br>
+ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ‍ᠢ "ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref name=":1" /><br>
-<nowiki><span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Pythagorean.svg|thumb|<span style="padding-left: 40px; writing-mode: vertical-lr; max-height: 14vh; "><big>ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃</big>]]</span></nowiki>
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+
+|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Pythagorean.svg|thumb|<span style="padding-left: 40px; writing-mode: vertical-lr; max-height: 14vh; "><big>ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃</big>]]</span>
+|<span style="padding: 20px"><math>c^2 = a^2 + b^2</math>
+|}
+<br>
 <br>
 <span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">1.</span> ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br>