ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ
ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ (ᠮᠥᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠧᠲInternet ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ; ᠠᠩᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ Internet of Things; ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠢᠨᠦ IoT) ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢtechnology ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃[1]
ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠹᠦᠨᠻᠼ ᠤᠳfunction ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮsystem᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠤᠳcomputer ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠮᠠᠷᠻ ᠸᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠽᠧᠷMark Weiser 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠌᠌᠌᠌"21 ᠍ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ" ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ[2] ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ "ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ" ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃ "ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ 1999 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠻᠧᠸᠢᠨ ᠡᠱᠲ᠋ᠣᠨKevin Ashton ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠵᠢᠭᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃[3] "Auto-ID Labs" ᠍ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[4]
ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ (RFID) ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠻᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠬᠥᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ (Future Internet)[5] ᠍ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ (architecture)
ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠷᠻᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ 4 ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃
ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ 4 ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠨᠤ᠄ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ (Sensing Layer)᠂ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ (Network Layer)᠂ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ (Data Processing Layer)᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ (Application Layaer) ᠶᠤᠮ᠃[6]
ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠄
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ (ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ/ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠦᠳparameter) ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠄
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ/ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ (gateway)᠂ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ (DAS) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠪᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠯᠣᠭ᠌analog ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠵᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯdigital ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ)᠃ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠫᠷᠣᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ (malware) ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠄
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ᠃ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠫᠷᠣᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠄
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠻᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ 4 ᠦᠶᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ ᠤᠳ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃[6]
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ
- ↑ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠰᠡᠯ᠃ Overview of the Internet of things. https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=y.2060 ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/12/11
- ↑ Mark Weiser. The Computer for the 21st Century. 1991. https://www.lri.fr/~mbl/Stanford/CS477/papers/Weiser-SciAm.pdf
- ↑ Kevin Ashton: That „Internet of Things“ Thing. In: RFID Journal. 22. 2009.
- ↑ F. Mattern, Ch. Flörkemeier: Vom Internet der Computer zum Internet der Dinge (PDF; 868 kB). In: Informatik-Spektrum. Vol. 33, No. 2, S. 107–121, April 2010. http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/papers/Internet-der-Dinge.pdf
- ↑ CERP-IOT: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap. 15. September 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20120227190246/http://www.grifs-project.eu/data/File/CERP-IoT%20SRA_IoT_v11.pdf
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Architecture of Internet of Things (IoT). https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/architecture-of-internet-of-things-iot ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 2020/06/25