ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ
ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ (ᠮᠥᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠧᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ; ᠠᠩᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ Internet of Things; ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠢᠨᠦ IoT) ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃[1]
ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠹᠦᠨᠻᠼ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠮᠠᠷᠻ ᠸᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠽᠧᠷMark Weiser 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠌᠌᠌᠌"21 ᠍ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ" ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ[2] ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ "ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ" ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃ "ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ 1999 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠻᠧᠸᠢᠨ ᠡᠱᠲ᠋ᠣᠨKevin Ashton ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠵᠢᠭᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃[3] "Auto-ID Labs" ᠍ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[4]
ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ (RFID) ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠻᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠬᠥᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ (Future Internet)[5] ᠍ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
- ↑ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠰᠡᠯ᠃ Overview of the Internet of things. https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=y.2060 ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/12/11
- ↑ Mark Weiser. The Computer for the 21st Century. 1991. https://www.lri.fr/~mbl/Stanford/CS477/papers/Weiser-SciAm.pdf
- ↑ Kevin Ashton: That „Internet of Things“ Thing. In: RFID Journal. 22. 2009.
- ↑ F. Mattern, Ch. Flörkemeier: Vom Internet der Computer zum Internet der Dinge (PDF; 868 kB). In: Informatik-Spektrum. Vol. 33, No. 2, S. 107–121, April 2010. http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/papers/Internet-der-Dinge.pdf
- ↑ CERP-IOT: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap. 15. September 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20120227190246/http://www.grifs-project.eu/data/File/CERP-IoT%20SRA_IoT_v11.pdf