ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ
ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ‘Phagspa (འཕགས་པ) ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ 1262 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠮᠥᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠪᠠᠵᠠᠷ 17 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ "ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ"᠂ ‘Phagspa ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ "ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ "ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ
ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ᠋ ᠯᠣᠳᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ XIII ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ "ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ" ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠯᠣᠳᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠭᠦᠩᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠭᠣᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠭᠦᠩᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ "ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠲᠠ" ᠍ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠯᠣᠳᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ᠋ ᠯᠣᠳᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠢ 1253 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ 9 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ 44 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ 28 ᠍ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1269 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ "ᠪᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠦᠢ᠃
ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃
ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠁ ᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠲᠤᠨ"[1] ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ 169 ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 1275 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠬᠢᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠪᠠᠯᠢᠭ (ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ) ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠤ (ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ) ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ 1264 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ
ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠬ.ᠺ᠃ ᠭᠠᠪᠧᠯᠧᠨᠼ ᠤᠨ 1839 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ ᠭ ∙ ᠫᠣᠲᠶᠡ᠂ ᠠ᠊ ∙ ᠸᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠ᠊ ∙ ᠮ ∙ ᠫᠣᠽᠲᠨᠧᠶᠧᠹ᠂ ᠢ᠊ ∙ ᠭ ∙ ᠷᠠᠮᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠲᠲ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠬᠤᠴᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢᠴᠢ ᠱ᠃ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠸᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ "ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ" ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢᠴᠢ ᠳ ∙ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠲᠣᠭᠣᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠼ ∙ ᠱᠠᠭᠳᠤᠷᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ᠂ ᠬ ∙ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠪᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵ ∙ ᠫᠷᠯᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵ ∙ ᠨᠠᠳᠮᠢᠳ᠂ ᠠ᠊ ∙ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ᠂ ᠶᠣ᠊ ∙ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠤᠪ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃[2]
ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ
| ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ | ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ꡀ | ᠭᠠ᠊ | ཀ | ka | k | ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ "ᠶᠡᠬᠡ" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪ᠌᠋ |
| ꡁ | ᠬᠠ᠊ | ཁ | kha | kh | ᠬᠡᠨ |
| ꡂ | ᠭᠠ᠊ | ག | ga | g | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ |
| ꡃ | ᠩ | ང | nga | ng | ᠲᠡᠩᠷᠢ |
| ꡄ | ᠵ | ཅ | ca | c | |
| ꡅ | ᠴ | ཆ | cha | ch | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ |
| ꡆ | ᠵ | ཇ | ja | j | ᠵᠢᠯ |
| ꡇ | ᠨᠢ ᠠ᠋
ᠨᠢᠠ |
ཉ | nya | ny | |
| ꡈ | ᠳᠠ᠊ | ཏ | ta | t | "ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠰ |
| ꡉ | ᠲᠠ᠊ | ཐ | tha | th | ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠮ |
| ꡊ | ᠳᠠ᠊
ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠊ |
ད | da | d | ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ |
| ꡋ | ᠨᠠ᠊ | ན | na | n | ᠮᠠᠨᠤ |
| ꡌ | ᠪᠠ᠊ | པ | pa | p | ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ |
| ꡍ | ᠫᠠ᠊ | ཕ | pha | ph | |
| ꡎ | ᠪᠠ᠊ | བ | ba | b | ᠪᠠᠰᠠ |
| ꡏ | ᠮᠠ᠊ | མ | ma | m | ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ |
| ꡐ | ᠼᠠ᠊ | ཙ | tsa | ts | |
| ꡑ | ᠱᠠ᠊ | ཚ | tsha | tsh | ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ |
| ꡒ | ᠽᠠ᠊ | ཛ | dza | dz | |
| ꡓ | ᠸᠠ᠊ | ཝ | wa | w | ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠸᠴᠢᠷ |
| ꡔ | ᠱᠠ᠊ | ཞ | zha | zh | |
| ꡕ | ᠰᠠ᠊ | ཟ | za | z | ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ "ᠰᠠᠷᠠ/ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ |
| ꡖ | ᠊ᠠ᠊
᠊ᠠ |
འ | -A | - | ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ |
| ꡗ | ᠶᠠ᠊ | ཡ | ya | y | ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠨ |
| ꡘ | ᠷᠠ᠊ | ར | ra | r | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ |
| ꡙ | ᠯᠠ᠊ | ལ | la | l | ᠠᠯᠪᠠ |
| ꡚ | ᠰᠢ᠊ | ཤ | sha | sh | ᠰᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋ |
| ꡛ | ᠰᠠ᠊ | ས | sa | s | ᠡᠴᠦᠰ |
| ꡜ | ᠾᠠ᠊ | ཧ | ha | h | ᠦᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ᠄ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ |
| ꡝ | ᠠ᠊ | ཨ | 'A | ' | ᠦᠯᠦ |
| ꡞ | ᠢ᠊ | ི | i | i | -i hee -een |
| ꡟ | ᠤ᠊ | ུ | u | u | ᠤᠰᠤᠨ |
| ꡠ | ᠡ᠊ | ེ | e | e | ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ |
| ꡡ | ᠣ᠊ | ོ | o | o | ᠣᠩᠭᠣᠴᠠ |
| ꡢ | ᠬᠠ᠊ | ཁ | qa | q | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ |
| ꡣ | ᠬᠠ᠊ | ཁྭ | xa | x | ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ |
| ꡤ | ᠾᠸᠠ᠊ | ཧྭ | fa | f | |
| ꡥ | ᠭᠠ᠊ | ག | gga | ||
| ꡦ | ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡ᠋ | ཻ | ee | ee | ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ |
| ꡧ | ᠊ᠸᠠ᠊ | ྭ | ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ wa | w | |
| ꡨ | ᠊ᠶᠠ᠊ | ྱ | ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ya | y | |
| ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠲᠡ | |||||
| ꡩ | ᠲᠠ᠊ | ཊ | tta | tt | षट् पारमिता |
| ꡪ | ᠲᠠ᠊ | ཋ | ttha | tth | प्रतिष्ठित |
| ꡫ | ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠊ | ཌ | dda | dd | दण्डय |
| ꡬ | ᠨᠠ᠊ | ཎ | nna | nn | पुण्य; उष्णीष |
| ꡱ | ᠊ᠷ | ྲ | ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ra | r | मुद्रा |
| ꡲ | ᠷ᠊ | ར | ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ra | r | སངས་རྒྱས |
| ꡳ | ᢀ | ྃ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠦ | ^ | संहत |
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ
ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ Unicode ᠤᠨ U+A840 ᠡᠴᠡ U+A87F ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠡ᠋ 64 ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃[3]
| U+A84x | U+A85x | U+A86x | U+A87x | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | ꡀ | ꡐ | ꡠ | ꡰ |
| 1 | ꡁ | ꡑ | ꡡ | ꡱ |
| 2 | ꡂ | ꡒ | ꡢ | ꡲ |
| 3 | ꡃ | ꡓ | ꡣ | ꡳ |
| 4 | ꡄ | ꡔ | ꡤ | ꡴ |
| 5 | ꡅ | ꡕ | ꡥ | ꡵ |
| 6 | ꡆ | ꡖ | ꡦ | ꡶ |
| 7 | ꡇ | ꡗ | ꡧ | ꡷ |
| 8 | ꡈ | ꡘ | ꡨ | |
| 9 | ꡉ | ꡙ | ꡩ | |
| A | ꡊ | ꡚ | ꡪ | |
| B | ꡋ | ꡛ | ꡫ | |
| C | ꡌ | ꡜ | ꡬ | |
| D | ꡍ | ꡝ | ꡭ | |
| E | ꡎ | ꡞ | ꡮ | |
| F | ꡏ | ꡟ | ꡯ |
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ MS WIndows 10 ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠦᠯᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠩ 0 ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ (Android ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ) ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠮᠥᠨ Microsoft PhagsPa ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠹᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ MS WIndows 10 ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ
- ↑ ᠳ᠋᠊᠂ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠵᠠᠯᠰᠦᠷᠦᠩ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠃ 1974
- ↑ ᠯ᠊᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠃ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ
- ↑ Soyombo. Range: 11A50–11AAF