ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ
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ᠣᠨᠣᠯ
ᠪᠢᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ (ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ evolutio — «ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ») ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠯᠭᠦᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠬᠦ᠂ᠧᠻᠣᠰᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠢᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷbiosphere ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄ ᠤᠳᠠᠮᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ᠃
ᠤᠳᠠᠮᠰᠢᠯ
ᠤᠳᠠᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠃
ᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠥᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠫᠷᠥᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃[1]
ᠤᠳᠠᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ
ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃
ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠳ᠋᠋᠋᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃[2]
ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ
ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠣᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠣᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ
ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠥ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ᠌᠍᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠴᠠ᠊᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠸᠢᠨ (1859) ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠭᠥᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠥ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠬᠣ᠂ ᠥᠷᠡ ᠲᠥᠯ ᠥᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠣ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠣ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠣᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠥ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠣᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠬ᠃[3]