https://wikibilig.mn/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Gegeerel 2026-06-13T23:58:01Z Хэрэглэгчийн оруулсан хувь нэмэр MediaWiki 1.44.0 https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B3&diff=2101 2021-02-18T03:24:02Z

<p>Gegeerel: Layout</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;max-height: 80vh; writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> =ᠠᠪᠢᠱᠢᠭ=<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> {{ImageX<br /> |Filename=སྐྱབས་རྗེ་པདྨ་བཟང་།.jpg<br /> |Text=ᠠᠪᠢᠱᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ<br /> |Height=30<br /> }}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''ᠠᠪᠢᠱᠢᠭ''' &lt;br&gt; 1) ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt; 2) ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt; 3) ᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ᠃ (ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ) <br /> =ᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠯ=<br /> ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ अभिषेक (abhiṣeka) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ &lt;br&gt;ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ, ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{ImageX<br /> |Filename=Woman reading a book at Kalachakra empowerment, Ladakh, 2014.jpg<br /> |Text=ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠮᠯᠠᠮ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠱᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ<br /> |Height=30<br /> }}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Abisig.png|thumb|360px|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> ᠸᠠᠩ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠷᠬᠡ&lt;br&gt;<br /> авшиг&lt;br&gt;<br /> ван&lt;br&gt;<br /> initiation&lt;br&gt;<br /> empowerment<br /> <br /> [[Category:ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A4_%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%8B%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AC%E1%A0%A2_%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B7_%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%A2_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%A8%E1%A0%AE%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%B2%E1%A0%A4_%E1%A0%AE%E1%A0%A3%E1%A0%A9%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%AF_%E1%A0%A8%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%B7%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%B0_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%B0%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%B2%E1%A0%A0&diff=1826 2020-12-18T16:35:57Z

<p>Gegeerel: Link</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;max-height: 90vh; writing-mode:vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> === ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ===<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Merlion_on_Sentosa_Island,_Singapore._(12748865275).jpg<br /> |text=ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ &quot;ᠲᠡᠩᠢᠢᠰ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ&lt;sup&gt;Merlion&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;<br /> }}&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |ᠠᠭ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠠᠭ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ &lt;small&gt;Аги́нский Буря́тский автоно́мный о́круг&lt;/small&gt; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ 2008 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ 1 ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ <br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ<br /> |ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ<br /> |ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ सिन्धु&lt;sup&gt;Sindhu&lt;/sup&gt; ᠂ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ Hindu ᠂ ᠰᠣᠭᠳᠠ 'yintk'k᠂ ᠤᠢᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠡᠨᠠᠲᠬᠠᠬ&lt;sup&gt;Enatkak&lt;/sup&gt; .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;ᠣ᠂ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠷᠧᠳᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ᠂ ᠳ᠌᠂ ᠫᠷᠣᠹᠧᠰᠰᠣᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠲᠣᠭᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠪ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤᠷᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1997&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |ᠢᠷᠠᠨ<br /> |ᠰᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠦᠰᠲᠢ ᠣᠷᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ &lt;small&gt;Усть-Орды́нский Буря́тский автоно́мный о́круг&lt;/small&gt; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ 2008 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ 1 ᠰᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ 1 ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠦᠽᠪᠧᠻ<br /> |ᠴᠠᠩᠲᠤᠤ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://mongoltoli.mn/dictionary/detail/127231 ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/10&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠ<br /> |ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ བལ་ཡུལ&lt;sup&gt;bal yul&lt;/sup&gt; &quot;ᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ&quot;᠂ བལ་པོ &lt;sup&gt;bal po&lt;/sup&gt; &quot;ᠪᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ&quot;; ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠌&quot;ᠨᠧᠫᠠᠯ&lt;sup&gt;Nepal&lt;/sup&gt;&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ&quot; ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ баргуты ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ буряты ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠌&quot;ᠻᠠᠯᠮᠢᠻ&lt;sup&gt;калмык&lt;/sup&gt;&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ 907 - 1125 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ &quot;ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ&quot; ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠣᠲᠤᠩ<br /> |ᠬᠣᠲᠤᠩ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠠᠫᠣᠷ<br /> |ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ <br /> |ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀧𑀼𑀭&lt;sup&gt;Siṃhapura&lt;/sup&gt; ᠪᠤᠶᠤ &quot;ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ&quot; <br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠢᠢᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠢᠢᠭᠤᠷ&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4p0TLRdq7o&amp;fbclid=IwAR1ekllNuhd_ep56vGNPpSct71-DAWVmgBL77dcHYWF6uRF9zo4R1z_qvsc Mátyás Balogh᠃ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠯᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/13&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |ᠭᠠᠨ᠍ᠰᠤ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠢᠢᠭᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠴᠢᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠤᠰ<br /> |ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠮᠨᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠱᠷᠢ ᠯᠠᠩᠻᠠ<br /> |ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ<br /> |सिंहलद्वीप:&lt;sup&gt;Siṃhaladvīpaḥ&lt;/sup&gt; ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ&lt;ref&gt;https://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?mode=3&amp;direct=au&amp;script=hk&amp;anz=all&amp;tran_input=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%3A ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ - ᠠᠩᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/14&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠤᠸᠠ<br /> |(ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠤ) ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠦᠩᠭᠦᠰ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠮᠨᠢᠭᠠᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ<br /> |ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ<br /> |ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭ töbe ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠪ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠌&quot;ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠌᠌&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠦᠷᠻ<br /> |ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ daur᠂ даур ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠴᠦᠻᠴᠠ<br /> |ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠲᠡᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ<br /> |ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ<br /> |ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠻᠣᠲ ᠳ'ᠢᠸᠦ᠋ᠠᠷ&lt;sup&gt;Côte d'Ivoire&lt;/sup&gt; ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ<br /> |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ<br /> |日本 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ &quot;ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋&quot; ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠤ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠠᠻᠦᠲ<br /> |ᠶᠠᠬᠠᠳ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠧᠭᠢᠫᠧᠲ<br /> |ᠮᠢᠰᠢᠷ<br /> |ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ مصر ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ &quot;ᠬᠢᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ&quot; ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠤ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ<br /> |ᠸᠢᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠳ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠠᠽᠠᠻ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠢᠷᠭᠢᠽ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠷᠭᠢᠰ<br /> |ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠾᠦᠩᠭᠠᠷᠢ<br /> |ᠮᠠᠵᠠᠷ<br /> |ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ Magyar ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤ<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> === ᠬᠣᠲᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ===<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=A picture from China every day 281.jpg<br /> |text=&lt;div style = &quot;text-align: left; margin-top: 2vh;&quot;&gt;ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ {{Horizontal}}བསྟན་རྒྱས་གླིང&lt;ref&gt;https://kknews.cc/zh-sg/travel/bk4e9a9.html&lt;/ref&gt;{{Z}} ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ&lt;/div&gt;<br /> }}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ<br /> |ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠌&quot;Alxa&quot;᠂ &quot;Алашань&quot; ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ &quot;Elista&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ᠂ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ<br /> |ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ &quot;Irkutsk&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠡ<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠡ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ<br /> |ᠴᠢᠹᠧᠩ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠥᠷᠦᠮᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠥᠷᠦᠮᠴᠢ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠨᠠᠦ᠋ᠱᠻᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠨᠠᠰᠢᠬᠢ<br /> |Наушки<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠲᠣᠩᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣ᠋<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋<br /> |ᠪᠣᠯᠧ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠣ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ<br /> |1727 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ‍ᠢ &quot;ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠲᠤ&quot;᠂ &quot;ᠲᠷᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠼᠻᠣᠰᠠᠸᠰᠻ&lt;sup&gt;Троицкосавск&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;᠂ &quot;ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡ&quot; ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ‍ᠶ᠋ᠢ &quot;ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ&quot;᠂ &quot;ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠢᠴᠢᠨ&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠᠳ &quot;ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ&quot; ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠮ<br /> |ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠮ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> === ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ===<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=BGEK.jpg<br /> |text=ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ<br /> }}&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ<br /> |ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠱ&lt;sup&gt;(Иртыш, Irtysh)&lt;/sup&gt; ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠥ ᠪᠠ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ᠂ ᠠᠩᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠸᠣᠯᠭ᠌ᠠ&lt;sup&gt;Volga&lt;/sup&gt;᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠥᠳ ᠢᠲ᠋ᠢᠯ&lt;sup&gt;Ityl&lt;/sup&gt; ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ<br /> |ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠦ ᠵᠶᠢᠠ&lt;sup&gt;Wujia&lt;/sup&gt; ᠾᠥ᠋ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤ᠃ <br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠢ<br /> |ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠢ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠾᠥ᠋ ᠲᠠᠣ᠋ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤ᠃ <br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠾᠦᠠᠩ ᠾᠥ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠦ ᠠᠵᠤ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍᠋ᠠ᠋ &quot;ᠾᠧᠶ ᠾᠠᠢ&quot; ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠳᠤ &quot;ᠠᠮᠦ᠋ᠷ&lt;sup&gt;Амур&lt;/sup&gt;&quot; ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &quot;ᠴᠢᠩᠾᠠᠢ&quot; ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ &quot;ᠶᠠᠩᠼᠽᠢ&quot; ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠢᠪᠢᠷ<br /> |ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠷ<br /> |&quot;ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ<br /> |ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ &quot;ᠰᠠᠶᠠᠨ&quot; ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ<br /> |ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ<br /> |ᠱᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠻᠠᠽᠠᠬᠰᠲᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠨᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ<br /> |ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ<br /> |ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &quot;ᠲᠶᠠᠨ᠍ ᠱᠠᠨ᠍&quot; ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <br /> |-<br /> |ᠴᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠮ<br /> |ᠴᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠮ<br /> |ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ {{Horizontal}}ཚྭའི་འདམ{{Z}} ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠷᠲᠤ&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠵᠠᠢᠢᠰᠠᠩ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠵᠠᠢᠢᠰᠠᠩ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠻᠠᠽᠠᠬᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠠᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋<br /> |ᠻᠠᠽᠠᠬᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠲᠠᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠬᠠᠱ ᠨᠠᠷᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠦᠨ ᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ===<br /> <br /> [[Ангилал:ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠵᠦᠢ]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A4_%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%8B%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AC%E1%A0%A2_%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B7_%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%A2_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%A8%E1%A0%AE%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%B2%E1%A0%A4_%E1%A0%AE%E1%A0%A3%E1%A0%A9%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%AF_%E1%A0%A8%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%B7%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%B0_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%B0%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%B2%E1%A0%A0&diff=1815 2020-12-17T13:25:14Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;max-height: 90vh; writing-mode:vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> === ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ===<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Merlion_on_Sentosa_Island,_Singapore._(12748865275).jpg<br /> |text=ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ &quot;ᠲᠡᠩᠢᠢᠰ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ&lt;sup&gt;Merlion&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;<br /> }}&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |ᠠᠭ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠠᠭ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ &lt;small&gt;Аги́нский Буря́тский автоно́мный о́круг&lt;/small&gt; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ 2008 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ 1 ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ <br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ<br /> |ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ<br /> |ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ सिन्धु&lt;sup&gt;Sindhu&lt;/sup&gt; ᠂ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ Hindu ᠂ ᠰᠣᠭᠳᠠ 'yintk'k᠂ ᠤᠢᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠡᠨᠠᠲᠬᠠᠬ&lt;sup&gt;Enatkak&lt;/sup&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;ᠣ᠂ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠷᠧᠳᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ᠂ ᠳ᠌᠂ ᠫᠷᠣᠹᠧᠰᠰᠣᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠲᠣᠭᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠪ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤᠷᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1997&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |ᠢᠷᠠᠨ<br /> |ᠰᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠦᠰᠲᠢ ᠣᠷᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ &lt;small&gt;Усть-Орды́нский Буря́тский автоно́мный о́круг&lt;/small&gt; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ 2008 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ 1 ᠰᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ 1 ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠦᠽᠪᠧᠻ<br /> |ᠴᠠᠩᠲᠤᠤ&lt;ref&gt;https://mongoltoli.mn/dictionary/detail/127231 ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/10&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠ<br /> |ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ བལ་ཡུལ&lt;sup&gt;bal yul&lt;/sup&gt; &quot;ᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ&quot;᠂ བལ་པོ &lt;sup&gt;bal po&lt;/sup&gt; &quot;ᠪᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ&quot;; ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠌&quot;ᠨᠧᠫᠠᠯ&lt;sup&gt;Nepal&lt;/sup&gt;&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ&quot; ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ баргуты ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ буряты ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠌&quot;ᠻᠠᠯᠮᠢᠻ&lt;sup&gt;калмык&lt;/sup&gt;&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ 907 - 1125 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ &quot;ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ&quot; ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠣᠲᠤᠩ<br /> |ᠬᠣᠲᠤᠩ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠠᠫᠣᠷ<br /> |ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ <br /> |ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀧𑀼𑀭&lt;sup&gt;Siṃhapura&lt;/sup&gt; ᠪᠤᠶᠤ &quot;ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ&quot; <br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠢᠢᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠢᠢᠭᠤᠷ&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4p0TLRdq7o&amp;fbclid=IwAR1ekllNuhd_ep56vGNPpSct71-DAWVmgBL77dcHYWF6uRF9zo4R1z_qvsc Mátyás Balogh᠃ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠯᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/13&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |ᠭᠠᠨ᠍ᠰᠤ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠢᠢᠭᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠴᠢᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠤᠰ<br /> |ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠮᠨᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠱᠷᠢ ᠯᠠᠩᠻᠠ<br /> |ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ<br /> |सिंहलद्वीप:&lt;sup&gt;Siṃhaladvīpaḥ&lt;/sup&gt; ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ&lt;ref&gt;https://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?mode=3&amp;direct=au&amp;script=hk&amp;anz=all&amp;tran_input=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%3A ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ - ᠠᠩᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/14&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠤᠸᠠ<br /> |(ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠤ) ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠦᠩᠭᠦᠰ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠮᠨᠢᠭᠠᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ<br /> |ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ<br /> |ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭ töbe ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠪ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠌&quot;ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠌᠌&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠦᠷᠻ<br /> |ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ daur᠂ даур ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠴᠦᠻᠴᠠ<br /> |ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠲᠡᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ<br /> |ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ<br /> |ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠻᠣᠲ ᠳ'ᠢᠸᠦ᠋ᠠᠷ&lt;sup&gt;Côte d'Ivoire&lt;/sup&gt; ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ<br /> |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ<br /> |日本 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ &quot;ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋&quot; ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠤ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠠᠻᠦᠲ<br /> |ᠶᠠᠬᠠᠳ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠧᠭᠢᠫᠧᠲ<br /> |ᠮᠢᠰᠢᠷ<br /> |ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ مصر ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ &quot;ᠬᠢᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ&quot; ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠤ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ<br /> |ᠸᠢᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠳ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠠᠽᠠᠻ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠢᠷᠭᠢᠽ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠷᠭᠢᠰ<br /> |ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠾᠦᠩᠭᠠᠷᠢ<br /> |ᠮᠠᠵᠠᠷ<br /> |ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ Magyar ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤ<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> === ᠬᠣᠲᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ===<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=A picture from China every day 281.jpg<br /> |text=&lt;div style = &quot;text-align: left; margin-top: 2vh;&quot;&gt;ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ {{Horizontal}}བསྟན་རྒྱས་གླིང&lt;ref&gt;https://kknews.cc/zh-sg/travel/bk4e9a9.html&lt;/ref&gt;{{Z}} ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ&lt;/div&gt;<br /> }}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ<br /> |ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠌&quot;Alxa&quot;᠂ &quot;Алашань&quot; ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ &quot;Elista&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ᠂ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ<br /> |ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ &quot;Irkutsk&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠡ<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠡ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ<br /> |ᠴᠢᠹᠧᠩ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠥᠷᠦᠮᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠥᠷᠦᠮᠴᠢ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠨᠠᠦ᠋ᠱᠻᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠨᠠᠰᠢᠬᠢ<br /> |Наушки<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠲᠣᠩᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣ᠋<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋<br /> |ᠪᠣᠯᠧ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠣ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ<br /> |1727 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ‍ᠢ &quot;ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠲᠤ&quot;᠂ &quot;ᠲᠷᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠼᠻᠣᠰᠠᠸᠰᠻ&lt;sup&gt;Троицкосавск&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;᠂ &quot;ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡ&quot; ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ‍ᠶ᠋ᠢ &quot;ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ&quot;᠂ &quot;ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠢᠴᠢᠨ&quot; ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠᠳ &quot;ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ&quot; ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠮ<br /> |ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠮ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> === ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ===<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=BGEK.jpg<br /> |text=ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ<br /> }}&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ<br /> |ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠰ<br /> |ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ Иртыш, Irtysh ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠥᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠥ ᠪᠠ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> |-<br /> |ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ᠂ ᠠᠩᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ Volga, ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠥᠳ Ityl<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠢᠪᠢᠷ<br /> |ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠷ<br /> |᠓᠓3<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠴᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠮ<br /> |ᠴᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠮ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠵᠠᠢᠢᠰᠠᠩ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠠᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠦᠨ ᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ===<br /> <br /> [[Ангилал:ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠵᠦᠢ]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB&diff=1814 2020-12-17T02:36:21Z

<p>Gegeerel: Layout</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style = &quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> {{Dutuu}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ‌᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ Saṅdhinirmocana ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠬᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ (pratipakṣa) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢᠻᠠᠶᠠ (Nikāya) ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ (Abhidharma)᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠬᠤ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ (neyārtha)᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠢᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠢᠾᠢᠯᠢᠰᠮ (nihilism) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠷᠪᠠ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ (nītārtha) ᠪᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ (nitārtha) ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠥᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠮᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠨᠡᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ (abhidharma)᠂ ᠤᠴᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠴᠡ (cosmology)᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋.<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Asanga.JPG|thumb|<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ‍ᠠ᠋&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ (Asanga) ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra (ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ) ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ (ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠢᠨᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ [Āgama] ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠫᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠻᠠᠶᠠ [Nikāya] ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳ ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ) ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ Abhidharmakośa (ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ) ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Seshin Vasubandhu Kofukuji.jpg|thumb|<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠠᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯ ‍ᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠢᠰᠲ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ Mahīśasika ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ (Āgama) ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ (Tuṣita᠂ དགའ་ལྡན) ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <br /> ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠭᠤᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ (ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠣᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ) ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠲᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠳᠣᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br /> ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ (Vaibhāṣika) ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠊ᠳᠣᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠡᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠲᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ (Abhidharmakośa) ᠊ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠯ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠴᠤᠭᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠶ᠃ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ Karmasiddhi-prakaraṇa (ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠬᠦᠢ)᠂ Pañcaskandhaka-prakaraṇa (ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠬᠦᠢ) ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ Abhidharmakośa ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠻᠣᠯᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠮᠡᠲᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠲᠦᠷ ᠣᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <br /> ᠥᠨᠥ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠪᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ Abhidharmakośa ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠠᠯ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠥᠰᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ᠂ 《ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋》 ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃<br /> ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ (ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ)᠂ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠪᠦ᠋ᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ (Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, Mahāyānasaṃgraha, Abhidharmasamuccaya) ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠱᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠳ (Triṃśikā, Trisvabhāva-nirdeśa ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ)᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ‍ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ (Viṃśatika, Madhyānta-vibhāga ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ)᠂ ᠯᠢᠩᠬᠤ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠦᠯᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ Saṅdhinirmocana ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠮᠦᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠳᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ Saṅdhinirmocana ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊᠋ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠳᠣᠮᠣᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠴᠢ (logician)᠂ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠴᠢ (epistemologist) ᠊ᠳᠢᠭᠨᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ (Dignāga)᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠾᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢ (Sthiramati) ᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ (ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋)᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠨ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠨᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃<br /> ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠣᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ 1᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠊ᠳᠢᠭᠨᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠊ᠲᠾᠠᠷᠮᠠᠻᠢᠷᠲ᠋ᠢ (Dharmakīrti)᠂ ᠱᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠻᠱᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ (Śāntarakṣita)᠂ ᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠨᠠᠻᠢᠷᠲ᠋ᠢ (Ratnakīrti) ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠂ 2᠂ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠾᠢᠲᠠᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢ (Sthiramati)᠂ ᠊ᠲᠾᠠᠷᠮᠠᠫᠠᠯᠠ (Dharmapāla)᠂ ᠰᠦ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠽᠠᠩ (Xuanzang)᠂ ᠸᠢᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠳᠧᠸᠠ (Vinītadeva) ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦ᠋ᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ᠋ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠵᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠃ ᠊ᠳᠢᠭᠨᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ Abhidharmakośa ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ (འགྲེལ་པ) ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠮᠤᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠣᠵᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋.<br /> ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠾᠢᠨᠳᠦ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ātman (ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢ)᠂ prakṛti (ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ) ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠥᠰᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ālaya-vijñāna ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠨᠠᠡᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠰᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠃<br /> ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ - ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠲᠤᠷ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ - ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠨᠦ ālaya-vijñāna ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ citta-santāna (སེམས་རྒྱུད) ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠥᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠢᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠷᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ᠃<br /> =ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠮ=<br /> =ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠥᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠥ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ=<br /> ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ (Yogācāra) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠥᠲᠥᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ (ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ)᠂ ᠠᠢᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br /> ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ (vijñapti-mātra) ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ (metaphysical idealism) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠢᠯ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠬᠢ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤᠢ (ontological) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠮᠧᠲᠠᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ ᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠲᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ 1. ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ 2. ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> ==2a. &quot;ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ&quot; ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠥ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠥᠬᠠᠢᠢ ‍ᠳᠣᠷ==<br /> ᠻᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠧᠽ (Cartesian) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠹᠢᠯᠣᠰᠣᠹ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠻᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ (Kant) ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ 《ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠱᠣᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠯᠧᠢᠢᠪᠨᠢᠼ (Leibniz) ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠧᠻᠠᠷᠲ ᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠶᠢᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠡᠷ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯ (ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ) ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ (ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ) - ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠥᠷᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠠᠯᠢᠰᠲ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠰ (ᠻᠡᠮᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ (ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠪᠧᠷᠻᠡᠯᠢ (Berkeley) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ esse est percipi ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠻ᠂ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠦᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ &quot;idea-ism&quot; ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠫᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ (Plato) ᠊ᠤ eidos ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠ (ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ) ᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠂ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠯᠢᠭ (physical)᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠥᠷᠲᠠᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠰ ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃<br /> ==2b. ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠥ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠠᠷᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋==<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ‍ᠣᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠣᠷ ᠡᠭᠥᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠬᠥ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ Pramāṇavāda (Epistemology) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ‍ᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠫᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠵᠡᠭᠥᠯᠥᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠣᠬᠥᠳ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ Pramāṇavāda ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠥᠨ ‍ᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠥ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠴᠥᠳ ᠥᠬᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠷᠰᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠥ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠥᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃᠎ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠥ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠭᠠᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ‍‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ prameya (ontology) ᠠᠨᠣ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ‍ᠣᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠩᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠠᠨᠣ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ (pramāṇa)‍ ᠬᠥᠴᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡᠬᠥᠯᠵᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠥ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠷ ‍ᠣᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠬᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠴᠥᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠥᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠴᠥᠭᠡᠴᠥᠳ ᠾᠢᠨᠳᠥ᠋ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠷ ‍ᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠥ ᠥᠨᠡ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠥ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠥ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠥ ᠰᠢᠲᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠥᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠡ‍ᠠᠢᠢᠨᠢᠰᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠥ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠥ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠥᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠥᠷᠡᠰᠥ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠪᠥᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠥ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠢᠨᠥ ᠬᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠩᠨᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠢᠢᠨᠢᠰᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠩᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠥᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠨᠢᠴᠥᠬᠡᠴᠥᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠪᠥᠬᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠣᠯᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠥᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠥᠴᠥᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠮᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠥᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠨᠥ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠴᠥᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠥ ‍ᠳᠥᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠥᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠡᠩᠳᠡᠭᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠥᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠭᠡᠬᠥᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠥᠭᠡᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢ ᠊ᠳᠣᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠥᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠥᠶ᠃ ᠠᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠵᠡᠯᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠣᠲᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠨᠣ ᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠴᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ (vyāpti) ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠣ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠣᠲᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠮᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠣᠷ ᠣᠵᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠣᠮᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠲᠥ ᠮᠡᠲᠣᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠢᠢᠯᠰ ‍ᠢ᠂ ᠥᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠴᠡᠩᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠥᠩᠨᠡᠵᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠥᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠨᠣ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣᠢᠢᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠠᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠲᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠴᠡᠩᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠥᠩᠨᠡᠬᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠥᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠣ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠥᠢᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠡᠨᠣ ᠬᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠥᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠡᠩᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠥᠩᠨᠡᠬᠥᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠷᠡᠯᠳᠥᠬᠥᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠥᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ‍ᠥᠳ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢ ‍ᠳᠣᠷ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠥᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ᠪᠥᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ (logic) ᠡᠭᠥᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠳᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ‍ᠳᠣᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ᠃<br /> ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠵᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠢᠠᠯᠠᠭᠢ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ (epistemological idealism) ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠬᠦ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ (object) ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠴᠤ ᠪᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠮᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠢᠠᠯᠠᠭᠢ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ (substantially) ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ]]<br /> [[Category:ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&diff=1785 2020-12-12T03:46:58Z

<p>Gegeerel: Layout</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;__TOC__<br /> <br /> =ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠨ=<br /> '''ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠨ''' ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠭ᠃<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Myriad_Amitayus,_the_Buddha_of_Eternal_Life_LACMA_M.83.253.jpg|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠠᠶᠤᠰᠢ<br /> File:Padmasambhava_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠯᠣᠪᠤᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠠᠳᠮ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ &lt;br&gt;ᠵᠤᠩᠨᠠᠢ<br /> Image:Garuda-Feathered_Hayagriva_LACMA_AC1993.190.1.jpg|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠤᠶᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠸᠠ<br /> Image:Vajravarahi.JPG|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠫᠠᠭᠮᠣ᠋ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =ᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠯ=<br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ དམར་ཁྲ (ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ dmar khra, ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ marta) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt; [[File:Martan.png|thumb|360px]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> ᠨᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ (ནག་ཁྲ)᠄ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠰᠡᠲᠠᠨ (ས་ཁྲ)᠄ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠭᠠᠷᠲᠠᠨ (དཀར་ཁྲ)᠄ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠄ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠠᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ (ཐང་ཀ)᠄ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ= <br /> &lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;<br /> мартан&lt;br&gt;<br /> шүтээн зураг&lt;br&gt;<br /> тангка&lt;br&gt;<br /> thangka&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠠᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ]]<br /> [[Category:ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A4_%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%8B%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AC%E1%A0%A2_%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B7_%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%A2_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%A8%E1%A0%AE%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%B2%E1%A0%A4_%E1%A0%AE%E1%A0%A3%E1%A0%A9%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%AF_%E1%A0%A8%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%B7%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%B0_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%B0%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%B2%E1%A0%A0&diff=1740 2020-12-06T16:27:07Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;writing-mode:vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> === ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ<br /> |ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠢᠷᠠᠨ<br /> |ᠰᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠦᠽᠪᠧᠻ<br /> |ᠴᠠᠩᠲᠤᠤ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠠᠫᠣᠷ<br /> |ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠤᠰ<br /> |ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠱᠷᠢ ᠯᠠᠩᠻᠠ<br /> |ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠪ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠤᠸᠠ<br /> |(ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠤ) ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠦᠩᠭᠦᠰ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠮᠨᠢᠭᠠᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ<br /> |ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠲᠦᠷᠻ<br /> |ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠴᠦᠻᠴᠠ<br /> |ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠲᠡᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ<br /> |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠠᠻᠦᠲ<br /> |ᠶᠠᠬᠠᠳ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ<br /> |ᠸᠢᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠳ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠠᠽᠠᠻ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠢᠷᠭᠢᠽ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠷᠭᠢᠰ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠾᠦᠩᠭᠠᠷᠢ<br /> |ᠮᠠᠵᠠᠷ<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> === ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ<br /> |ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ<br /> |ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠡ<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠡ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ<br /> |ᠴᠢᠹᠧᠩ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠲᠣᠩᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣ᠋<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> === ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A4_%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%8B%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AC%E1%A0%A2_%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B7_%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%A2_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%A8%E1%A0%AE%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%B2%E1%A0%A4_%E1%A0%AE%E1%A0%A3%E1%A0%A9%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%AF_%E1%A0%A8%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%B7%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%B0_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%B0%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AF%E1%A0%B2%E1%A0%A0&diff=1739 2020-12-06T16:08:53Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;writing-mode:vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> === ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ<br /> |ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠢᠷᠠᠨ<br /> |ᠰᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ<br /> |ᠣᠷᠤᠰ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠢᠨᠭᠠᠫᠣᠷ<br /> |ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠱᠷᠢ ᠯᠠᠩᠻᠠ<br /> |ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠪ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠤᠰ<br /> |ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ<br /> |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠠᠽᠠᠻ<br /> |ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠻᠢᠷᠭᠢᠽ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠷᠭᠢᠰ<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> === ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ<br /> |ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ<br /> |ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ<br /> |ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠡ<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠡ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ<br /> |ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ<br /> |ᠴᠢᠹᠧᠩ<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠲᠣᠩᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣ᠋<br /> |-<br /> |ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ<br /> |ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> === ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;/big&gt;''' <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |'''&lt;big&gt;ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD&diff=1738 2020-12-06T03:20:48Z

<p>Gegeerel: Images</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style = &quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&gt;<br /> [[File:Noble Truths and Paths.jpg|thumb|left]]<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ (ᠪᠦᠳ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠮ) ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> 1.&lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;दु:ख&lt;br&gt;सत्य&lt;/span&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ) &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;སྡུག་&lt;br&gt;བསྔལ་&lt;br&gt;གྱི་&lt;br&gt;བདེན་&lt;br&gt;པ&lt;/span&gt;(ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ)<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> 2.&lt;/span&gt; ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;समुदय&lt;br&gt;सत्य&lt;/span&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ) &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt; ཀུན་&lt;br&gt;འབྱུང་&lt;br&gt;བའི་&lt;br&gt;བདེན་&lt;br&gt;པ&lt;/span&gt;(ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ)<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> 3.&lt;/span&gt; ᠲᠦᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;निरोध&lt;br&gt;सत्य&lt;/span&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ) &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt; འགོག་&lt;br&gt;པའི་&lt;br&gt;བདེན་&lt;br&gt;པ&lt;/span&gt;(ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ)<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> 4.&lt;/span&gt; ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;मार्ग&lt;br&gt;सत्य &lt;/span&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ)&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt; ལམ་&lt;br&gt;གྱི་&lt;br&gt;བདེན་&lt;br&gt;པ&lt;/span&gt;(ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&gt;ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠲᠦᠷᢈᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠲᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠃<br /> ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠡ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠰᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ <br /> ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂<br /> ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠥᠲᠥᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠦᠲᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠃<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠃<br /> ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠃<br /> ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠃<br /> ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠳᠬᠣ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ <br /> ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠭ᠌ ᠣᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠃<br /> ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠬᠣ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&gt;ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠮᠠᠭᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠣ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠮᠠᠭᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠃<br /> ᠮᠠᠭᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠣ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠮᠠᠭᠣ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠣᠯ᠂ ᠠᠭᠣᠷ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠠᠭ᠃<br /> ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&gt;ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ=<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Dharmacakrapravartanasutra 01.JPG<br /> |text=ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠤᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ<br /> }}<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠣ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠰᠢᠨᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠠᠭᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ <br /> ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠣᠳᠬ ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠵᠦᠭᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠮᠠᠭᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠣ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&gt;ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠡᠲᠥᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠨᠢ [[Хутагтын найман мөр|ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ]] ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ᠄<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> i) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> iii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠭᠡ<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> iv) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> v) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠠᠬᠣᠢ<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> vi) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> vii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠯ<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> viii)&lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ<br /> <br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ: &quot;ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ&quot;ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> [[Category:ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ]]<br /> [[Category:ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80&diff=1737 2020-12-06T03:18:07Z

<p>Gegeerel: Images</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style = &quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Noble Truths and Paths.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤ&lt;br&gt;ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠨᠤ ᠊ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠪᠠᠵᠠᠷ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;[1]]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> [[Хутагтын дөрвөн үнэн|ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ]] ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠦᠬᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ<br /> ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;<br /> आर्याष्टाङगमार्ग&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;འཕགས་པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལམ་ཡན་ལག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;བརྒྱད་པ&lt;/span&gt;) ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <br /> ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠮ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ᠄<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;i)&lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;दृष्टि&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལྟ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt; संकल्प&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;རྟོག་པ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;iii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠭᠡ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;वाच्&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ངག&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;iv) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;कर्मन्त&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལས་ཀྱི་མཐའ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;v) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠠᠬᠣᠢ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;आजीव&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;འཚོ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;vi) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;व्यायाम&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;རྩོལ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;vii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;स्मृति&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;དྲན་པ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;viii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;समाधि&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠯ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Wheel of Dharma 01.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;ᠵᠠᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃ &lt;br&gt;ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠣᠲᠠ]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Wheel of Dharma 02.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;<br /> ᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1586)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br&gt;ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ᠃]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ: ᠑) ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠢᠢᠰᠠᠬᠣ᠂ ᠒) ᠠᠭᠣᠷ᠂ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠰᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠠᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ᠂ ᠓) ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠰᠬᠦ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠭᠡ =<br /> ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠴᠢᠬᠦ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠣᠪ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠠᠯᠴᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠢᠯᠡ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠮᠠᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠡ᠋  ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;2)&lt;/span&gt;ᠡᠰᠡ ᠦᠭ᠍ᠭᠦᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠢ ᠮᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;3)&lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠃ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠰᠦᠨᠭᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠥᠮᠴᠢ ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠠᠬᠤᠢ =<br /> ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂<br /> ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ᠄<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠵᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠬᠣ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ᠂ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠯᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠥᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠩᠰᠢᠭᠣᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ<br /> <br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ =<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Dharmacakrapravartanasutra 02.JPG<br /> |text=ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠤᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ<br /> }}<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;1) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;2) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;3) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠤᠭᠡ ᠤᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;4) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠪᠲᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠣ ᠳᠣᠷᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠡ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠣᠶᠣᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠣ᠃ ᠠᠮᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠬᠣᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ=<br /> ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠣᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠳ᠋ᠾᠢ (ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠣ) ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ: &quot;ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ&quot;ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ&lt;/span&gt;=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt; ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ http://www.mongoliantemples.org/oralhistorypdfs/L017.pdf<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠭᠡᠰ&lt;/span&gt;=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;<br /> Бурхан&lt;br&gt;<br /> Будда&lt;br&gt;<br /> Буддизм&lt;br&gt;<br /> Бурханы шашин&lt;br&gt;<br /> Buddha&lt;br&gt;<br /> Buddhism<br /> &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠳᠳᠾᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠳᠳᠠ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠤᠳᠳᠠ&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ]]<br /> [[Category:ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Dharmacakrapravartanasutra_02.JPG&diff=1736 2020-12-06T03:11:29Z

<p>Gegeerel: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Dharmacakrapravartanasutra_01.JPG&diff=1735 2020-12-06T03:10:57Z

<p>Gegeerel: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%AE%E1%A0%A3%E1%A0%A9%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%AF_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%B4%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%8B&diff=1720 2020-12-01T05:30:53Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;writing-mode:vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> = ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ =<br /> ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ==<br /> ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ==<br /> ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ==<br /> ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%A3%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%B2%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B7%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A4%E1%A0%A2&diff=1651 2020-11-18T10:27:57Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Large-scale structure formation.gif<br /> |text=ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ  ‍ᠠ᠋<br /> }}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ (ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ  ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ &lt;br&gt;ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ  ᠳᠦᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ (ᠳᠡᠢᠢᠯᠦᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ) ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠦᠷᠭᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;span style = &quot;display: none&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ<br /> ᠦᠭᠡᠰ<br /> ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ<br /> ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ<br /> ᠬᠣᠷᠸᠠ<br /> ᠬᠣᠷᠤ᠎ᠠ<br /> сансар, орчлон, хорвоо, космос<br /> &lt;/span&gt;<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD&diff=1641 2020-11-16T13:07:36Z

<p>Gegeerel: </p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style = &quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> =ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:AbtaiPainting.jpg|thumb|<br /> {{Mongolian}}ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠃&lt;br&gt;16 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠤ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠤᠢ᠃]]{{Z}}<br /> ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠶᠢᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠢᠵᠡᠩ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠰᠡᠯᠡᠩᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠦᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠷ ᠄ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠷ ᠡᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠣᠮᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠄ ᠨᠢᠷᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠪᠡᠢ ᠄ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋<br /> ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠳᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠡᠳᠴᠦ ᠄ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠷ ‍ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠄ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦᠰ ‍ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠄ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ ᠅ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠨᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠮᠣᠷᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠩᠨᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠥᠷᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ 《ᠪᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠩᠨᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥᠨ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠮᠥᠨᠥᠬᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥᠨ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃<br /> ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ 1570᠍  ᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠣᠳᠨᠠᠮᠵᠠᠮᠴᠤ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ 《ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠰᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠨᠠᠮᠵᠠᠮᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ 1577 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ 1580 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠩᠬᠤ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠤᠭ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (ᠴᠢᠨᠢᠬᠠᠢ) ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠠᠩᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠥᠷᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠣᠳᠨᠠᠮᠵᠠᠮᠴᠤ 《ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠭ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 《ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠬᠣᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠲᠠ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃<br /> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠩᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 1663 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ (УБ 1960) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠣᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ 《ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠪ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠪᠠᠨᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠭ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠢ᠃ (274  ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋) ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 《ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠷᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ 《ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢᠨ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠴᠢᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠥᠭᠴᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ (275  ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋)<br /> <br /> ==ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ==<br /> ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ 1585 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠦᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠯᠦᠭᠫᠠ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠰᠦᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ‍ᠢ 1586 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠦ ᠰᠠᠵᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ 《ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠵᠠᠨᠷᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠳᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲᠤ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠳᠠᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋  ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠣᠳᠨᠠᠮᠵᠠᠮᠴᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ 《ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠣᠮᠣᠳᠠᠯᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ 《ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠪᠠᠨᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ‍ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ 《ᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠦ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠣᠳᠨᠠᠮᠵᠠᠮᠴᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ 《ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠦᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠ ᠡᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠦᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠳᠢᠰᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠶᠠᠮᠤ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ 《ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠ ᠰᠦᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠢᠰᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ‍ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠨᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠶ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ 《ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠦ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ 《ᠲᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠠᠪᠤ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> ==ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ==<br /> ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ [[Хутагтын дөрвөн үнэн|ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ]] ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᡀᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᡀᠠᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠩᠨᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ 《ᠲᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ 《ᠪᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠢᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠶ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠨᠠᠩ &lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Jonang)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt; ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠᠲᠾᠠ &lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Taranatha)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt; ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠᠲᠾᠠ 1575 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ 1586 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᡀᠠᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ‍ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ‍ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠮᠣᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃<br /> ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠣᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠᠲᠾᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠱᠣᠩ ᠱᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ 《ᠵᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ?》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠣᠱᠣᠩᠨᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠢ 《ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠯᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠡ!》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠᠲᠾᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠪᠠᠽᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠᠲᠾᠠ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ 1634 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠳᠣᠮᠣᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ 《ᠪᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠢᠰᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠦᠶ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠣᠮᠣᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠤ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠣᠮᠣᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ‍ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃<br /> ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠩ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠤᠭᠤᠨᠠᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠩᠴᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠤᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ᠋ᠦ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠡ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠥᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠮᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠸᠠᠷᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋᠃<br /> ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 《ᠲᠠ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠴᠢᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠦ᠃ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶ ᠎‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> ==ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ==<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;<br /> Abtai&lt;br&gt;<br /> Abatai&lt;br&gt;<br /> Абтай&lt;br&gt;<br /> Автай&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> &lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠶ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ==<br /> <br /> {{Mongolian}}<br /> [[Category:ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B6_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%8B_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%AC%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%B7%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%B6_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%8B&diff=1549 2020-11-09T13:07:39Z

<p>Gegeerel: Images</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Zaya 05.jpg<br /> |text=ᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ<br /> }}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> 1624 ᠣᠨ ᠳ‍ᠣ ᠴᠠᠩᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠥ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 3 ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ 1631 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ XVII ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ᠰᠥᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 1696 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠭᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠫᠡᠷᠡᠩᠯᠡᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡ‍ᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠨᠣᠢᠢᠷᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠫᠡᠷᠡᠩᠯᠡᠢ᠂ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠨᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠷᠢᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠴᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠠᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠴ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ 1802 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠩᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠶ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1908-1909 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠥᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠣᠩ ‍ᠢ 1887 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 5 ᠻᠢᠯᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠡᠳᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ 6 ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ 26 ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠩ᠂ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ 2 ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠡᠨ ‍᠍‍ᠳᠦ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ 1000 ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ 4000 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠥᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠽᠧᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ 1971 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ‍ᠳᠤ᠂ 1994 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠡᠩ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠲᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠢᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Zaya 01.jpg<br /> |text=ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ<br /> }}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;span style = &quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;<br /> Заяын хүрээ<br /> Зая Бандид гэгээн<br /> Архангай<br /> Zaya Pandit<br /> Arkhangai<br /> Зая Пандита<br /> &lt;/span&gt;<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ ‍ᠠ᠋]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠵᠦᠢ]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ]]</div>

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<p>Gegeerel: Зөвшөөрөлгүй авч нийтлэхийг хориглоно. ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ Wikibilig ©</p> <hr /> <div>== Товч агуулга ==<br /> Зөвшөөрөлгүй авч нийтлэхийг хориглоно. ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ Wikibilig ©</div>

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Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B6_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%8B_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%AC%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%B7%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%B6_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%8B&diff=1546 2020-11-09T12:59:49Z

<p>Gegeerel: Category</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> 1624 ᠣᠨ ᠳ‍ᠣ ᠴᠠᠩᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠥ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 3 ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ 1631 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ XVII ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ᠰᠥᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 1696 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠭᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠫᠡᠷᠡᠩᠯᠡᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡ‍ᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠨᠣᠢᠢᠷᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠫᠡᠷᠡᠩᠯᠡᠢ᠂ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠨᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠷᠢᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠴᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠠᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠴ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ 1802 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠩᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠶ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1908-1909 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠥᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠣᠩ ‍ᠢ 1887 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 5 ᠻᠢᠯᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠡᠳᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ 6 ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ 26 ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠩ᠂ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ 2 ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠡᠨ ‍᠍‍ᠳᠦ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ 1000 ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ 4000 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠥᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠽᠧᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ 1971 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ‍ᠳᠤ᠂ 1994 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠡᠩ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠲᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠢᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ ‍ᠠ᠋]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠵᠦᠢ]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B6_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%8B_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%AC%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%B7%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%B6_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%8B&diff=1544 2020-11-08T14:00:48Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> 1624 ᠣᠨ ᠳ‍ᠣ ᠴᠠᠩᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠥ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 3 ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ 1631 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ XVII ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ᠰᠥᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 1696 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠭᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠫᠡᠷᠡᠩᠯᠡᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡ‍ᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠨᠣᠢᠢᠷᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠫᠡᠷᠡᠩᠯᠡᠢ᠂ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠨᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠷᠢᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠴᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠠᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠴ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ 1802 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠩᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠶ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1908-1909 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠥᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠣᠩ ‍ᠢ 1887 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 5 ᠻᠢᠯᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠡᠳᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ 6 ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ 26 ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠩ᠂ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ 2 ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠡᠨ ‍᠍‍ᠳᠦ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ 1000 ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ 4000 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠥᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠽᠧᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ 1971 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ‍ᠳᠤ᠂ 1994 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠡᠩ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠲᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠢᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B6_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%8B_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%AC%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%B7%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%B6_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%8B&diff=1543 2020-11-08T13:15:02Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> 1624 ᠣᠨ ᠳ‍ᠣ ᠴᠠᠩᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠥ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 3 ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ 1631 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ XVII ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ᠰᠥᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 1696 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠭᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠫᠡᠷᠡᠩᠯᠡᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡ‍ᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠨᠣᠢᠢᠷᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠫᠡᠷᠡᠩᠯᠡᠢ᠂ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠨᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠷᠢᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠩ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠴᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠠᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠴ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠭᠮᠢᠳᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ 1802 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠩᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠶ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1908-1909 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠮᠴᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠥᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠣᠩ ‍ᠢ 1887 ᠣᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 5 ᠻᠢᠯᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠡᠳᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ 6 ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ 26 ᠰᠦᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠩ᠂ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%B5%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%B6_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%8B_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8_%E1%A0%AC%E1%A0%A6%E1%A0%B7%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%B6_%E1%A0%8A%E1%A0%A1%E1%A0%8B&diff=1542 2020-11-08T12:07:23Z

<p>Gegeerel: Created article</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style =&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;<br /> 1624 ᠣᠨ ᠳ‍ᠣ ᠴᠠᠩᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠥ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 3 ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠨ᠌ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81&diff=1393 2020-10-21T04:18:04Z

<p>Gegeerel: Expanded the list</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;᠀᠋&lt;/span&gt;<br /> [[File:HomePage.JPG|center]]<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;<br /> Encyclopædia Mongolica Grandis : Большая монгольская энциклопедия : &lt;br&gt;<br /> ༄།།ཆེན་པོ་ཧོར་གྱི་ཤེས་བྱ་ཀུན་བཏུས་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་བཞུགས་སོ།། : Ұлы Моңғол үлкен энциклопедиясы.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;inputbox&gt;<br /> type=create<br /> width=100<br /> break=no<br /> buttonlabel=Шинэ нийтлэл үүсгэх<br /> default=(ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋)<br /> &lt;/inputbox&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;<br /> [http://wikibilig.mn/Editor.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:Blue&quot;&gt;'''Монгол бичгийн гар'''] [http://wikibilig.mn/Autocorrect.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:Blue&quot;&gt;'''Монгол бичгийн эдитор (үг санал болгогч)'''] [http://wikibilig.mn/MongolCode &lt;span style=&quot;color:Blue&quot;&gt;'''Юникодоос хэвлэлийн код руу хөрвүүлэгч''']<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{Mongolian}}&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠳ&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Mongolian}}<br /> [[ᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Авшиг|ᠠᠪᠢᠱᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋|ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠯᠻᠦ᠋ᠪᠢᠶᠧᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Энгийн герпес|ᠡᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠾᠧᠷᠫᠧᠰ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠡᠰ ( ᠪᠢᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ)]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠢᠢ ‍ᠡ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Идэж болдог ус|ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠰᠣ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Улаан аварга|ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Өлөн гэдэс|ᠥᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Үелэх систем|ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠨᠢᠩᠵᠢᠪᠠᠳᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠮᠢᠲᠤᠪ ᠊ᠤᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠴᠡᠯᠭᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Ньютоны хөдөлгөөний хуулиуд|ᠨᠧᠸᠲᠣᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Баартагчин|ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Байгалийн Түүхийн Музей|ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮ ᠠ|ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠠᠷᠰᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ᠂ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠶᠧᠸᠠ᠂ ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠶᠧᠹᠨᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠷᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠮᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Халиун буга|ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хадны суусар|ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠤᠤᠰᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хар нүх|ᠬᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Харьцангуйн онол|ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хархорины усан цахилгаан станц|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠴᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хархорины усжуулах байгууламж|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠣᠰᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Харанхуй матери|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠧᠷᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хэлмэгдэгсдийн хөшөө|ᠬᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ‍ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠋(1915)]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хоёртын тооллын систем|ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷᠲᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠡᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хутагтын дөрвөн үнэн|ᠬᠣᠲᠣᠬᠲᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хутагтын найман мөр|ᠬᠤᠲᠦᠬᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Гангар хун|ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Галактик|ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦᠢ (ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠸᠽ)]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Геологийн цаг тоолол (босоо хүснэгт)|ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ (ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭ ᠠ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ)]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Геологийн цаг тоолол|ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мануул|ᠮᠠᠨᠤᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мазаалай|ᠮᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мартан|ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мэдэмсэр|ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠮᠰᠡᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Монголын газрын гадаргын геологийн түүх|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Монголын түүхийн цаг тоолол|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Сэтгэл төдийтний тогтсон таалал|ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠥᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍‍‍‍‍ᠥ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Шилүүс|ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠰᠦ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠦ᠋ᠭ᠌ᠼ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Тарваган|ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Тусгай хамгаалалттай газар|ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Термодинамикийн хуулиуд|ᠲᠧᠷᠮᠣᠳᠢᠨᠠᠮᠢᠻ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠳᠡᠮᠴᠣᠭᠳᠣᠨᠷᠤᠪ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠵᠠᠯᠸᠠᠩᠴᠣᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дэлхийн Ван|ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дэг|ᠳᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠯᠲᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дурдал|ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠴᠠᠭᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠦ᠋ᠭ᠌ᠼ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠦ᠋ᠭ᠌ᠼ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цахилгаан соронзон долгионы хуваарь|ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠦ᠋ᠭ᠌ᠼ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цагаан одой|ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цагаан нүх|ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цагаан кола|ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠻᠣᠯᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цоохондой|ᠴᠣᠬᠣᠨᠳᠠᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цоохор ирвэс|ᠴᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠢᠷᠪᠢᠰ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Чавхдасын онол|ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠠᠰᠦ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠴᠦᠻᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Заг хүйтэн|ᠵᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ‎]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠠᠩᠭᠢᠷ ᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Их Хорум зочид буудал|ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠮ ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ‎‎]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ‎‎]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Ёл|ᠶᠣᠯᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠮᠪᠤᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠦᠨᠢᠻᠣᠳ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Пульсар|ᠫᠦᠯᠰᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠫᠯᠧᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Робот|ᠷᠣᠪᠣᠲ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠷᠣᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Калашниковын автомат|ᠻᠠᠯᠠᠱᠨᠢᠻᠣᠹ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠮᠠᠲ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠻᠦᠯᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Квазар|ᠻᠸᠠᠽᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠼᠢᠷᠷᠥᠽ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠾᠦᠯᠢᠭᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[C амин дэм|C ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[D ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[OSI загвар|OSI ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[7 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠯᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8%E1%A0%A2&diff=1392 2020-10-21T02:12:45Z

<p>Gegeerel: Category</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style = &quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Tibet, vajravarahi, xiv secolo.jpg<br /> |text=ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠣ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ (རྩ་གསུམ) ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠯᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ (དམ་ཚིག) ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠨᠠᠯᠵᠣᠷᠮ ᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠷᠢᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠩᠷᠢᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ  ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠭ  ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ (डाकिनी) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠷᠣ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠷᠤᠮ ᠠ (མཁའ་འགྲོ᠂མཁའ་འགྲོ་མ) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ《ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ 《ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ 《ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ》 ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 《ᠣᠳᠬᠤ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠨᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠮ ᠡ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠻᠧᠴᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠪᠤᠦᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠰ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃<br /> =ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ=<br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠶᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠢᠳᠢᠲᠡᠨ (Mahasiddha) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠣᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩᠲᠦ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃<br /> =ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ=<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Le dieu tutélaire Samvara et sa parèdre Vajravarahi (14314794441).jpg<br /> |text=ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ<br /> }}<br /> ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠧᠠᠨᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠪᠳᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠪᠤᠦᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠡᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳ᠋ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠶᠠᠪ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠪᠤᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠪᠢᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠰᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃<br /> =ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ=<br /> ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ 24 ᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠯᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ 24 ᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ᠂ Samantabhadrī ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠠᠮᠮᠣ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠢ (ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས) ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠷᠢᠮ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠰ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ=<br /> ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠮᠣᠭ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠌᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠪᠣᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠷᠢᠵᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳᠤ (སྒྲུབ་ཐབས) ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ=<br /> ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠲᠥᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ=<br /> Vajrayogini ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠳᠤ (ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠨᠠᠯᠵᠣᠷᠮ ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠣᠬᠠᠵᠣᠳ) ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠰᠡ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠥᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠢᠲᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ Vajravarahi ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠫᠠᠭᠮᠣ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠠᠩᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠻᠠᠷᠵᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠠᠩᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠢᠲᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ Simhamukha ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠩᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠩᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠵᠦᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠩᠮᠠ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ (གཏེར་མ) ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠵᠢᠭ ᠯᠠᠪᠳ᠋ᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠭᠮᠣ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠳᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ – ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠮᠳᠦᠭ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ – ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ – ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ – ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ – ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ=<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Sarva Buddha Dakini 05.jpg<br /> |text=ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ<br /> }}<br /> ᠵᠠᠬᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷᠠᠤ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠵᠦᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠰᠢ ᠴᠣᠣᠵᠠᠯ (8-9  ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠯᠣᠪᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠵᠦᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠵᠦᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠮᠠ (10-11  ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠰᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠻᠠᠷᠵᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠵᠢᠭ ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠷᠣᠨ (11  ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠩᠭᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠽᠣᠳ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠵᠢᠭ ᠣᠨᠭᠢᠶᠣ᠋ (12  ᠳᠦᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠷᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤᠩ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠳᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠣᠮᠣ ᠮᠡᠩᠮᠣ ᠢᠢ (13  ᠳᠦᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠶᠡᠰᠢ ᠴᠣᠣᠵᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠳ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ᠄ ᠻᠠᠷᠵᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠳ᠋ᠷᠣᠮ ᠠ ᠷ᠊ᠢ᠊‍ᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠠᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠣᠬᠠᠵᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠪᠵᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠱᠤᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠯᠦᠳᠢᠩ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠳᠵᠠᠯ ᠷᠢᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴ᠊ᠢ᠂ ᠵᠣᠭᠴᠧᠨ ᠷᠢᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠵᠦᠭᠳᠣᠷᠨᠠᠮᠵᠠᠯᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠶᠤᠮ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠩ ᠸᠠᠩᠮᠣ - ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠮᠠ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠯᠣᠪᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠵᠦᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠧ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠮᠣ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 《ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠣᠶᠤᠨᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠩ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠮᠣ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ᠄ 《ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠯᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠨᠢᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠥᠩ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠢᠯᠪᠢᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠢᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ》ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠷᠣ ᠷᠢᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ 《ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ》ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠨᠣᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠷᠣ ᠷᠢᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 《ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠷᠣ ᠷᠢᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠵᠦ᠋ᠳᠢᠲ᠋ᠾ ᠰᠢᠮᠮᠧᠷ-ᠪᠷᠠᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ᠄ 《ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠳᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠡᠩᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ. 《ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠯᠦᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠯᠲᠡᠮ ᠠᠯᠯᠢᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠢᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠠᠪᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠩᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 《ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠮᠨᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠮᠣ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br /> =ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ=<br /> ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠥᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠲᠥᠷ ᠮᠡᠰᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠷᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠲᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠬᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠥᠯᠮᠡᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ ᠠ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠤᠯ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠧᠠᠨᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠯᠮᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠵᠢᠬᠦᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠷᠭᠢᠶᠠ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=<br /> ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠸᠧᠪ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ<br /> <br /> [[Ангилал:ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ]]<br /> [[Ангилал:ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠠᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%E1%A0%B3%E1%A0%A0%E1%A0%AD%E1%A0%A2%E1%A0%A8%E1%A0%A2&diff=1391 2020-10-21T01:59:20Z

<p>Gegeerel: Created Article</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;div style = &quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Tibet, vajravarahi, xiv secolo.jpg<br /> |text=ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠣ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ (རྩ་གསུམ) ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠯᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ (དམ་ཚིག) ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠨᠠᠯᠵᠣᠷᠮ ᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠷᠢᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠩᠷᠢᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ  ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠭ  ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ (डाकिनी) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠷᠣ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠷᠤᠮ ᠠ (མཁའ་འགྲོ᠂མཁའ་འགྲོ་མ) ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ《ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ 《ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ 《ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ》 ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 《ᠣᠳᠬᠤ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠨᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠮ ᠡ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠻᠧᠴᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠪᠤᠦᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠰ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃<br /> =ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ=<br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠶᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠢᠳᠢᠲᠡᠨ (Mahasiddha) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠣᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩᠲᠦ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃<br /> =ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ=<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Le dieu tutélaire Samvara et sa parèdre Vajravarahi (14314794441).jpg<br /> |text=ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ<br /> }}<br /> ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠧᠠᠨᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠪᠳᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠪᠤᠦᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠡᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳ᠋ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠶᠠᠪ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠪᠤᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠪᠢᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠰᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃<br /> =ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ=<br /> ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ 24 ᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠯᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ 24 ᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ᠂ Samantabhadrī ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠠᠮᠮᠣ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠢ (ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས) ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠷᠢᠮ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠰ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ=<br /> ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠮᠣᠭ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠌᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠪᠣᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠷᠢᠵᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳᠤ (སྒྲུབ་ཐབས) ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ=<br /> ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠲᠥᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ=<br /> Vajrayogini ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠳᠤ (ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠨᠠᠯᠵᠣᠷᠮ ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠣᠬᠠᠵᠣᠳ) ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠰᠡ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠥᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠢᠲᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ Vajravarahi ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠫᠠᠭᠮᠣ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠠᠩᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠻᠠᠷᠵᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠠᠩᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠢᠲᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ Simhamukha ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠩᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠩᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠵᠦᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠩᠮᠠ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ (གཏེར་མ) ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠵᠢᠭ ᠯᠠᠪᠳ᠋ᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠭᠮᠣ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠳᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ – ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠮᠳᠦᠭ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ – ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ – ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ – ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ – ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ=<br /> {{Image<br /> |Filename=Sarva Buddha Dakini 05.jpg<br /> |text=ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ<br /> }}<br /> ᠵᠠᠬᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷᠠᠤ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠵᠦᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠰᠢ ᠴᠣᠣᠵᠠᠯ (8-9  ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠯᠣᠪᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠵᠦᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠵᠦᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠮᠠ (10-11  ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠰᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠻᠠᠷᠵᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠵᠢᠭ ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠷᠣᠨ (11  ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠩᠭᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠽᠣᠳ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠵᠢᠭ ᠣᠨᠭᠢᠶᠣ᠋ (12  ᠳᠦᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠷᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤᠩ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢᠳᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠣᠮᠣ ᠮᠡᠩᠮᠣ ᠢᠢ (13  ᠳᠦᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠶᠡᠰᠢ ᠴᠣᠣᠵᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠳ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ᠄ ᠻᠠᠷᠵᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠳ᠋ᠷᠣᠮ ᠠ ᠷ᠊ᠢ᠊‍ᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠠᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠣᠬᠠᠵᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠪᠵᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠱᠤᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠯᠦᠳᠢᠩ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠳᠵᠠᠯ ᠷᠢᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴ᠊ᠢ᠂ ᠵᠣᠭᠴᠧᠨ ᠷᠢᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠵᠦᠭᠳᠣᠷᠨᠠᠮᠵᠠᠯᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠶᠤᠮ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠩ ᠸᠠᠩᠮᠣ - ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠮᠠ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠯᠣᠪᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠵᠦᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠧ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠮᠣ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 《ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠣᠶᠤᠨᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠩ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠮᠣ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ᠄ 《ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠯᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠨᠢᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠥᠩ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠢᠯᠪᠢᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠢᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ》ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠷᠣ ᠷᠢᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ 《ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ》ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠨᠣᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠷᠣ ᠷᠢᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 《ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠳᠷᠣ ᠷᠢᠨ᠋‍ᠪᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠵᠦ᠋ᠳᠢᠲ᠋ᠾ ᠰᠢᠮᠮᠧᠷ-ᠪᠷᠠᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ᠄ 《ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠳᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠡᠩᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ. 《ᠸᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠯᠦᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ》 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠯᠲᠡᠮ ᠠᠯᠯᠢᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠢᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠠᠪᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠩᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 《ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠮᠨᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠮᠣ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br /> =ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ=<br /> ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠥᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠲᠥᠷ ᠮᠡᠰᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠷᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠲᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠬᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠥᠯᠮᠡᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ ᠠ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠤᠯ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠧᠠᠨᠨᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠯᠮᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠯᠠᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠢᠨᠢᠰ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠵᠢᠬᠦᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠷᠭᠢᠶᠠ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃</div>

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<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |+<br /> |<br /> {|<br /> |[[File:{{{Filename}}}|thumb]]<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;|&lt;small&gt;{{{text| }}}<br /> |}<br /> |}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81&diff=968 2020-09-02T05:41:15Z

<p>Gegeerel: Expanded the list</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;᠀᠋&lt;/span&gt;<br /> [[File:HomePage.JPG|center]]<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;<br /> Encyclopædia Mongolica Grandis : Большая монгольская энциклопедия : &lt;br&gt;<br /> ༄།།ཆེན་པོ་ཧོར་གྱི་ཤེས་བྱ་ཀུན་བཏུས་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་བཞུགས་སོ།། : Ұлы Моңғол үлкен энциклопедиясы.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;inputbox &gt;<br /> type=create<br /> width=100<br /> break=no<br /> buttonlabel=Шинэ нийтлэл үүсгэх<br /> default=(ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋)<br /> &lt;/inputbox&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;<br /> [http://wikibilig.mn/Editor.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:Blue&quot;&gt;'''Монгол бичгийн гар'''] [http://wikibilig.mn/Autocorrect.html &lt;span style=&quot;color:Blue&quot;&gt;'''Монгол бичгийн эдитор (үг санал болгогч)'''] [http://wikibilig.mn/MongolCode &lt;span style=&quot;color:Blue&quot;&gt;'''Юникодоос хэвлэлийн код руу хөрвүүлэгч''']<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> {{Mongolian}}&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠳ&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Mongolian}}<br /> [[ᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Авшиг|ᠠᠪᠢᠱᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋|ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠯᠻᠦ᠋ᠪᠢᠶᠧᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Энгийн герпес|ᠡᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠾᠧᠷᠫᠧᠰ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠡᠰ ( ᠪᠢᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ)]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠢᠢ ‍ᠡ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Идэж болдог ус|ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠰᠣ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Улаан аварга|ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Өлөн гэдэс|ᠥᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Үелэх систем|ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠨᠢᠩᠵᠢᠪᠠᠳᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠮᠢᠲᠤᠪ ᠊ᠤᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠴᠡᠯᠭᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Ньютоны хөдөлгөөний хуулиуд|ᠨᠧᠸᠲᠣᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Баартагчин|ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Байгалийн Түүхийн Музей|ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮ ᠠ|ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠠᠷᠰᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ᠂ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠷᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠮᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Халиун буга|ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хадны суусар|ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠤᠤᠰᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хар нүх|ᠬᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Харьцангуйн онол|ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хархорины усан цахилгаан станц|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠴᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хархорины усжуулах байгууламж|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠣᠰᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Харанхуй матери|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠧᠷᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хэлмэгдэгсдийн хөшөө|ᠬᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ‍ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠋(1915)]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хоёртын тооллын систем|ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷᠲᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠡᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хутагтын дөрвөн үнэн|ᠬᠣᠲᠣᠬᠲᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хутагтын найман мөр|ᠬᠤᠲᠦᠬᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Гангар хун|ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Галактик|ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Геологийн цаг тоолол (босоо хүснэгт)|ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ (ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭ ᠠ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ)]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Геологийн цаг тоолол|ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мануул|ᠮᠠᠨᠤᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мазаалай|ᠮᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мартан|ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мэдэмсэр|ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠮᠰᠡᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Монголын газрын гадаргын геологийн түүх|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Монголын түүхийн цаг тоолол|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Сэтгэл төдийтний тогтсон таалал|ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠥᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍‍‍‍‍ᠥ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Шилүүс|ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠰᠦ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Тарваган|ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Тусгай хамгаалалттай газар|ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Термодинамикийн хуулиуд|ᠲᠧᠷᠮᠣᠳᠢᠨᠠᠮᠢᠻ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дэлхийн Ван|ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дэг|ᠳᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дурдал|ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цахилгаан соронзон долгионы хуваарь|ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цагаан одой|ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цагаан нүх|ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цагаан кола|ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠻᠣᠯᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цоохондой|ᠴᠣᠬᠣᠨᠳᠠᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цоохор ирвэс|ᠴᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠢᠷᠪᠢᠰ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Чавхдасын онол|ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠠᠰᠦ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Заг хүйтэн|ᠵᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ‎]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠠᠩᠭᠢᠷ ᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Их Хорум зочид буудал|ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠮ ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ‎‎]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Ёл|ᠶᠣᠯᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠦᠨᠢᠻᠣᠳ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Пульсар|ᠫᠦᠯᠰᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠫᠯᠧᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Робот|ᠷᠣᠪᠣᠲ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Калашниковын автомат|ᠻᠠᠯᠠᠱᠨᠢᠻᠣᠹ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠮᠠᠲ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠻᠦᠯᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Квазар|ᠻᠸᠠᠽᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠼᠢᠷᠷᠥᠽ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠾᠦᠯᠢᠭᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[C амин дэм|C ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[D ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[OSI загвар|OSI ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=Sunyata&diff=967 2020-09-02T03:47:47Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> =ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Reflection in a soap bubble edit.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ&lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠁]]{{Z}}<br /> '''ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋'''᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ &quot;'''ᠨᠣᠮ'''&quot; ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ '''ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ''' ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ शून्यता ᠱᠦᠦ ᠨᠶᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ སྟོང་པ་ཉིད᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠲᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠎) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (मध्यमक ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠾᠶᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠻᠠ) ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ&lt;ref&gt;Paul Williams (2008). Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge, 68–69. ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1&lt;/ref&gt;᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ &lt;ref&gt;Christopher W. Gowans (2014). Buddhist Moral Philosophy: An Introduction. Routledge, 69–70. ISBN 978-1-317-65934-1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ (ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> =ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ‍ᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠣᠳ ᠲᠤ= <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠴᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ <br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ प्रज्ञा ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེས་རབ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠰ ᠷᠠᠪ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠡᠢᠢᠷᠠᠪ) ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ (माया ᠮᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ (स्वप्न ᠰᠸᠠᠫᠨᠠ) ᠮᠠᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &lt;b&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠲᠤ&lt;/b&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ अष्टसाहस्रिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र ᠠᠱᠲ᠋ᠠᠰᠠᠾᠠᠰᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠫᠠ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠷᠠᠮᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠦᠦᠲ᠋ᠷᠠ ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེར་ཕྱིན་བརྒྱད་སྟོང་པ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠷ ᠫᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠷᠭᠶᠠᠳ᠋ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠢᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠ) ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠳᠮᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Жадамба судар. Орч. Бугат Л.Алтангэрэл. Улаанбаатар. 2014 он&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥ᠋ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;Orsborn, Matthew Bryan. “Chiasmus in the Early Prajñāpāramitā: Literary Parallelism Connecting Criticism &amp; Hermeneutics in an Early Mahāyāna Sūtra”, University of Hong Kong , 2012 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠢ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠰᠦ᠂&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> སྐར་མ་རབ་རིབ་མར་མེ་དང༌། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྒྱུ་མ་ཟིལ་པ་ཆུ་བུར་དང་། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> རྨི་ལམ་གློག་དང་སྤྲིན་ལྟ་བུ། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> འདུས་བྱས་དེ་ལྟར་བལྟ་བར་བྱ། །<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ&lt;sup&gt;object&lt;/sup&gt; ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition.Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠢᠷᠸᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, and Anthony J. Tribe. Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. London: Routledge, 2000 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠬ᠋ᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠴᠤ (ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Хутагт ялж төгс нөгцсөн эх билгийн чанадад хүрсэний зүрхэн оршвой. Түвд хэлнээс орчуулсан Ч.Хатанбаатар. Хянан тохиолдуулсан Б.Идэрбаяр. ©Их Хөлгөний Уламжлалыг Хадгалах Төв. УБ 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> रूपं शून्यता, शून्यतैव रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> रूपान्न पृथक् शून्यता, शून्यताया न पृथग् रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> यद्रूपं सा शून्यता, या शून्यता तद्रूपम्।<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> གཟུགས་སྟོང་པའོ། སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཟུགས་སོ།&lt;br&gt;<br /> གཟུགས་ལས་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཞན་མ་ཡིན།&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ལས་ཀྱང་གཟུགས་གཞན་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ=<br /> ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠌᠄ मध्यमक ᠮᠠᠲᠾᠶᠠᠮᠠᠻᠠ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དབུ་མ, ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠪᠦ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠸᠦᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠦ᠋ᠨᠠ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ नागार्जुन᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ མགོན་པ་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠮᠭᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠣ ᠻᠯᠦ᠋ ᠰᠭᠷᠦ᠋ᠪ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠣᠯᠦ᠋ᠳᠦᠪ ) ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠦᠨᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Kalupahana, David J. (1992), The Principles of Buddhist Psychology, Delhi: ri Satguru Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tsondru, Mabja. Ornament of Reason. Snow Lion Publications. 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠵᠢ ᠮᠥᠷ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Bronkhorst, Johannes (2009), Buddhist Teaching in India, Wisdom Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ=<br /> ᠶᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &lt;b&gt;ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠯ&lt;/b&gt; ‍ᠳᠤ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ समधिनिर्मोचना᠂ ᠰᠠᠩᠲᠾᠢᠨᠢᠷᠮᠣᠨᠣᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དགོངས་པ་ངེས་འགྲེལ༏᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠭᠣᠩᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠩᠧᠰ ᠠᠭᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠭᠣᠩᠪᠠ ᠧᠳᠢᠯ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃&lt;ref&gt; King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East &amp; West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷᠶᠦ᠋ ᠰᠻᠢᠯᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ&lt;sup&gt;subject&lt;/sup&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ: ग्राहक᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ: འཛིན་པ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ ) ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ&lt;sup&gt;object&lt;/sup&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ: ग्राह्य, ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ: བཛུང་པ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ) ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Skilton, Andrew (1994). A Concise History of Buddhism. Windhorse Publications, London&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;b&gt;ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯ&lt;/b&gt; (Skt. मध्यांतविभागकारिका; Tib. དབུ་མཐའ་རྣམ་འབྱེད་) ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East &amp; West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ वसुबन्धु᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དབྱིག་གཉེན᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳᠪᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠭᠨ᠍ᠶᠧᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠵᠢᠭᠨᠢᠨ) ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ (आभूत-परिकल्प) ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠃<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠡᠢᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East &amp; West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ &lt;b&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ&lt;/b&gt; ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠍ ‍ᠦ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ&lt;sup&gt;རྣམ་པར་རིག་བྱེད (विज्ञप्तिः)&lt;/sup&gt; ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Kalupahana, David J. The Principles of Buddhist Psychology. Satguru Publications, Delhi 1992&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> = ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ=<br /> ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋  ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> * ᠭᠡᠯᠦᠭ (དགེ་ལུགས) ᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋  ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> * ᠭᠠᠷᠵᠦᠳᠪᠠ (བཀའ་བརྒྱུད) ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> * ᠰᠠᠵᠢ (ས་སྐྱ) ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠦ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Коробов В. Б., Железнова Н. А. Философия буддизма. Энциклопедия (рус.) / под ред. М. Т. Степанянц. — М.: Восточная литература, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> * ᠵᠣᠭᠴᠧᠨ (རྫོགས་ཆེན) ‍ᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠤ “ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ” (ཀུན་གཞི) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;Иванов В. П. Философия буддизма. Энциклопедия (рус.) / под ред. М. Т. Стнпанянц. — М.: Восточная литература, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ=<br /> ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ&lt;sup&gt;object&lt;/sup&gt; ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ རྟེན་འབྲེལ) ᠎ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Cabezón, José Ignacio. &quot;Tsong Kha Pa&quot;, in Jones, Lindsay (ed.), MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion, MacMillan 2005&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;Newland, Guy. Introduction to Emptiness: As Taught in Tsong-kha-pa's Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path, Ithaca 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;ref&gt;[http://studybuddhism.com/en/tibetan-buddhism/original-texts/sutra-texts/in-praise-of-dependent-arising Alexander Berzin, In Praise of Dependent Arising]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> “ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ” ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠠᠢᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠩ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;[http://media.dalailama.com/Mongolian/texts/tentel-Doipa-Mongolian.pdf Шүтэн барилдлагын магтаал сайн номын зүрхэн оршвой]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> གང་གང་རྐྱེན་ལ་རག་ལས་པ།&lt;br&gt;<br /> དེ་དེ་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་སྟོང་ཞེས།&lt;br&gt;<br /> གསུངས་་པ་འདི་ལས་ཡ་མཚན་པའི།&lt;br&gt;<br /> ལེགས་འདོམས་ཚུལ་ནི་ཅི་ཞིག་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠢᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;[http://emptinessteachings.com/2014/09/11/the-two-truths-of-buddhism-and-the-emptiness-of-emptiness/ Susan Kahn, ''The Two Truths of Buddhism and The Emptiness of Emptiness'']&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ: &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;ref&gt;[http://emptinessteachings.com/2014/09/11/the-two-truths-of-buddhism-and-the-emptiness-of-emptiness/ Susan Kahn, ''The Two Truths of Buddhism and The Emptiness of Emptiness'']&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠵᠡᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠨᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠯᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠣᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tsong Khapa. The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment: Volume 3, Snow Lion Publications 2002. ISBN 1-55939-166-9&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠦᠨᠡᠮᠯᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠣᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠢᠰᠬᠡᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Patrick Jennings, Tsongkhapa: In Praise of Relativity; The Essence of Eloquence Archived 2015-05-18 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ (ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ)᠃<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> хоосон чанар&lt;br&gt;<br /> таван цогц&lt;br&gt;<br /> дөрвөн үнэн&lt;br&gt;<br /> чинагуухи үнэн&lt;br&gt;<br /> янагуухи үнэн&lt;br&gt;<br /> үнэмлэхүй үнэн&lt;br&gt;<br /> харьцангуй үнэн&lt;br&gt;<br /> билиг билгүүн&lt;br&gt;<br /> машид билиг&lt;br&gt;<br /> Зонхава&lt;br&gt;<br /> Нагаржуна&lt;br&gt;<br /> Нагаржунай&lt;br&gt;<br /> Васубандху&lt;br&gt;<br /> Төв үзэл&lt;br&gt;<br /> Сэтгэл төдийтний тогтсон таалал{{Z}}&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> Śūnyatā&lt;br&gt;<br /> Shunyata&lt;br&gt;<br /> emptiness&lt;br&gt;<br /> voidness&lt;br&gt;<br /> five skandhas&lt;br&gt;<br /> five aggragates&lt;br&gt;<br /> Four Noble Truths&lt;br&gt;<br /> ultimate reality&lt;br&gt;<br /> relative truth&lt;br&gt;<br /> ultimate truth&lt;br&gt;<br /> wisdom&lt;br&gt;<br /> Prajna&lt;br&gt;<br /> transcendental wisdom&lt;br&gt;<br /> Je Tsongkhapa&lt;br&gt;<br /> Nagarjuna&lt;br&gt;<br /> Vasubandhu&lt;br&gt;<br /> Madhyamaka&lt;br&gt;<br /> Yogacara&lt;br&gt;<br /> Yogachara&lt;br&gt;<br /> schools of Buddhist philosophy{{Z}}&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> шуньята&lt;br&gt;<br /> пять агрегатов&lt;br&gt;<br /> Четыре благородных истины&lt;br&gt;<br /> реальность&lt;br&gt;<br /> относительная истина&lt;br&gt;<br /> мудрость&lt;br&gt;<br /> запредельная мудрость&lt;br&gt;<br /> праджня&lt;br&gt;<br /> Цонкапа&lt;br&gt;<br /> Нагаржуна&lt;br&gt;<br /> Васубандху&lt;br&gt;<br /> Мадхьямака&lt;br&gt;<br /> Йогачара&lt;br&gt;<br /> буддийские философские школы&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Z}}<br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=Sunyata&diff=966 2020-09-01T14:40:18Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> =ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Reflection in a soap bubble edit.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ&lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠁]]{{Z}}<br /> '''ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋'''᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ &quot;'''ᠨᠣᠮ'''&quot; ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ '''ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ''' ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ शून्यता ᠱᠦᠦ ᠨᠶᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ སྟོང་པ་ཉིད᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠲᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠎) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (मध्यमक ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠾᠶᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠻᠠ) ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ&lt;ref&gt;Paul Williams (2008). Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge, 68–69. ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1&lt;/ref&gt;᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ &lt;ref&gt;Christopher W. Gowans (2014). Buddhist Moral Philosophy: An Introduction. Routledge, 69–70. ISBN 978-1-317-65934-1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ (ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> =ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ‍ᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠣᠳ ᠲᠤ= <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠴᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ <br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ प्रज्ञा ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེས་རབ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠰ ᠷᠠᠪ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠡᠢᠢᠷᠠᠪ) ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ (माया ᠮᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ (स्वप्न ᠰᠸᠠᠫᠨᠠ) ᠮᠠᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &lt;b&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠲᠤ&lt;/b&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ अष्टसाहस्रिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र ᠠᠱᠲ᠋ᠠᠰᠠᠾᠠᠰᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠫᠠ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠷᠠᠮᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠦᠦᠲ᠋ᠷᠠ ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེར་ཕྱིན་བརྒྱད་སྟོང་པ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠷ ᠫᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠷᠭᠶᠠᠳ᠋ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠢᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠ) ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠳᠮᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Жадамба судар. Орч. Бугат Л.Алтангэрэл. Улаанбаатар. 2014 он&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥ᠋ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;Orsborn, Matthew Bryan. “Chiasmus in the Early Prajñāpāramitā: Literary Parallelism Connecting Criticism &amp; Hermeneutics in an Early Mahāyāna Sūtra”, University of Hong Kong , 2012 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠢ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠰᠦ᠂&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> སྐར་མ་རབ་རིབ་མར་མེ་དང༌། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྒྱུ་མ་ཟིལ་པ་ཆུ་བུར་དང་། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> རྨི་ལམ་གློག་དང་སྤྲིན་ལྟ་བུ། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> འདུས་བྱས་དེ་ལྟར་བལྟ་བར་བྱ། །<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ&lt;sup&gt;object&lt;/sup&gt; ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition.Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠢᠷᠸᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, and Anthony J. Tribe. Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. London: Routledge, 2000 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠬ᠋ᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠴᠤ (ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Хутагт ялж төгс нөгцсөн эх билгийн чанадад хүрсэний зүрхэн оршвой. Түвд хэлнээс орчуулсан Ч.Хатанбаатар. Хянан тохиолдуулсан Б.Идэрбаяр. ©Их Хөлгөний Уламжлалыг Хадгалах Төв. УБ 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> रूपं शून्यता, शून्यतैव रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> रूपान्न पृथक् शून्यता, शून्यताया न पृथग् रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> यद्रूपं सा शून्यता, या शून्यता तद्रूपम्।<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> གཟུགས་སྟོང་པའོ། སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཟུགས་སོ།&lt;br&gt;<br /> གཟུགས་ལས་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཞན་མ་ཡིན།&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ལས་ཀྱང་གཟུགས་གཞན་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ=<br /> ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠌᠄ मध्यमक ᠮᠠᠲᠾᠶᠠᠮᠠᠻᠠ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དབུ་མ, ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠪᠦ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠸᠦᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠦ᠋ᠨᠠ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ नागार्जुन᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ མགོན་པ་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠮᠭᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠣ ᠻᠯᠦ᠋ ᠰᠭᠷᠦ᠋ᠪ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠣᠯᠦ᠋ᠳᠦᠪ ) ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠦᠨᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Kalupahana, David J. (1992), The Principles of Buddhist Psychology, Delhi: ri Satguru Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tsondru, Mabja. Ornament of Reason. Snow Lion Publications. 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠵᠢ ᠮᠥᠷ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Bronkhorst, Johannes (2009), Buddhist Teaching in India, Wisdom Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ=<br /> ᠶᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &lt;b&gt;ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠯ&lt;/b&gt; ‍ᠳᠤ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ समधिनिर्मोचना᠂ ᠰᠠᠩᠲᠾᠢᠨᠢᠷᠮᠣᠨᠣᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དགོངས་པ་ངེས་འགྲེལ༏᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠭᠣᠩᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠩᠧᠰ ᠠᠭᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠭᠣᠩᠪᠠ ᠧᠳᠢᠯ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃&lt;ref&gt; King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East &amp; West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷᠶᠦ᠋ ᠰᠻᠢᠯᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ&lt;sup&gt;subject&lt;/sup&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ: ग्राहक᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ: འཛིན་པ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ ) ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ&lt;sup&gt;object&lt;/sup&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ: ग्राह्य, ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ: བཛུང་པ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ) ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Skilton, Andrew (1994). A Concise History of Buddhism. Windhorse Publications, London&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;b&gt;ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯ&lt;/b&gt; (Skt. मध्यांतविभागकारिका; Tib. དབུ་མཐའ་རྣམ་འབྱེད་) ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East &amp; West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ वसुबन्धु᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དབྱིག་གཉེན᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳᠪᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠭᠨ᠍ᠶᠧᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠵᠢᠭᠨᠢᠨ) ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ (आभूत-परिकल्प) ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠃<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠡᠢᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East &amp; West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ &lt;b&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ&lt;/b&gt; ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠍ ‍ᠦ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ&lt;sup&gt;རྣམ་པར་རིག་བྱེད (विज्ञप्तिः)&lt;/sup&gt; ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Kalupahana, David J. The Principles of Buddhist Psychology. Satguru Publications, Delhi 1992&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> = ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ=<br /> ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋  ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> * ᠭᠡᠯᠦᠭ (དགེ་ལུགས) ᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋  ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> * ᠭᠠᠷᠵᠦᠳᠪᠠ (བཀའ་བརྒྱུད) ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> * ᠰᠠᠵᠢ (ས་སྐྱ) ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠦ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Коробов В. Б., Железнова Н. А. Философия буддизма. Энциклопедия (рус.) / под ред. М. Т. Степанянц. — М.: Восточная литература, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> * ᠵᠣᠭᠴᠧᠨ (རྫོགས་ཆེན) ‍ᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠤ “ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ” (ཀུན་གཞི) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;Иванов В. П. Философия буддизма. Энциклопедия (рус.) / под ред. М. Т. Стнпанянц. — М.: Восточная литература, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ=<br /> <br /> <br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=Sunyata&diff=963 2020-08-31T14:58:56Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> =ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Reflection in a soap bubble edit.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ&lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠁]]{{Z}}<br /> '''ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋'''᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ &quot;'''ᠨᠣᠮ'''&quot; ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ '''ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ''' ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ शून्यता ᠱᠦᠦ ᠨᠶᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ སྟོང་པ་ཉིད᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠲᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠎) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (मध्यमक ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠾᠶᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠻᠠ) ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ&lt;ref&gt;Paul Williams (2008). Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge, 68–69. ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1&lt;/ref&gt;᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ &lt;ref&gt;Christopher W. Gowans (2014). Buddhist Moral Philosophy: An Introduction. Routledge, 69–70. ISBN 978-1-317-65934-1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ (ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> =ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ‍ᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠣᠳ ᠲᠤ= <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠴᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ <br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ प्रज्ञा ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེས་རབ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠰ ᠷᠠᠪ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠡᠢᠢᠷᠠᠪ) ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ (माया ᠮᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ (स्वप्न ᠰᠸᠠᠫᠨᠠ) ᠮᠠᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &lt;b&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠲᠤ&lt;/b&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ अष्टसाहस्रिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र ᠠᠱᠲ᠋ᠠᠰᠠᠾᠠᠰᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠫᠠ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠷᠠᠮᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠦᠦᠲ᠋ᠷᠠ ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེར་ཕྱིན་བརྒྱད་སྟོང་པ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠷ ᠫᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠷᠭᠶᠠᠳ᠋ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠢᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠ) ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠳᠮᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Жадамба судар. Орч. Бугат Л.Алтангэрэл. Улаанбаатар. 2014 он&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥ᠋ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;Orsborn, Matthew Bryan. “Chiasmus in the Early Prajñāpāramitā: Literary Parallelism Connecting Criticism &amp; Hermeneutics in an Early Mahāyāna Sūtra”, University of Hong Kong , 2012 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠢ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠰᠦ᠂&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> སྐར་མ་རབ་རིབ་མར་མེ་དང༌། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྒྱུ་མ་ཟིལ་པ་ཆུ་བུར་དང་། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> རྨི་ལམ་གློག་དང་སྤྲིན་ལྟ་བུ། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> འདུས་བྱས་དེ་ལྟར་བལྟ་བར་བྱ། །<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ&lt;sup&gt;object&lt;/sup&gt; ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition.Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠢᠷᠸᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, and Anthony J. Tribe. Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. London: Routledge, 2000 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠬ᠋ᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠴᠤ (ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Хутагт ялж төгс нөгцсөн эх билгийн чанадад хүрсэний зүрхэн оршвой. Түвд хэлнээс орчуулсан Ч.Хатанбаатар. Хянан тохиолдуулсан Б.Идэрбаяр. ©Их Хөлгөний Уламжлалыг Хадгалах Төв. УБ 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> रूपं शून्यता, शून्यतैव रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> रूपान्न पृथक् शून्यता, शून्यताया न पृथग् रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> यद्रूपं सा शून्यता, या शून्यता तद्रूपम्।<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> གཟུགས་སྟོང་པའོ། སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཟུགས་སོ།&lt;br&gt;<br /> གཟུགས་ལས་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཞན་མ་ཡིན།&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ལས་ཀྱང་གཟུགས་གཞན་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ=<br /> ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠌᠄ मध्यमक ᠮᠠᠲᠾᠶᠠᠮᠠᠻᠠ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དབུ་མ, ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠪᠦ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠸᠦᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠦ᠋ᠨᠠ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ नागार्जुन᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ མགོན་པ་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠮᠭᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠣ ᠻᠯᠦ᠋ ᠰᠭᠷᠦ᠋ᠪ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠣᠯᠦ᠋ᠳᠦᠪ ) ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠦᠨᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Kalupahana, David J. (1992), The Principles of Buddhist Psychology, Delhi: ri Satguru Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tsondru, Mabja. Ornament of Reason. Snow Lion Publications. 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠵᠢ ᠮᠥᠷ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Bronkhorst, Johannes (2009), Buddhist Teaching in India, Wisdom Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ=<br /> ᠶᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &lt;b&gt;ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠯ&lt;/b&gt; ‍ᠳᠤ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ समधिनिर्मोचना᠂ ᠰᠠᠩᠲᠾᠢᠨᠢᠷᠮᠣᠨᠣᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དགོངས་པ་ངེས་འགྲེལ༏᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠭᠣᠩᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠩᠧᠰ ᠠᠭᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠭᠣᠩᠪᠠ ᠧᠳᠢᠯ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃&lt;ref&gt; King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East &amp; West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷᠶᠦ᠋ ᠰᠻᠢᠯᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ&lt;sup&gt;subject&lt;/sup&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ: ग्राहक᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ: འཛིན་པ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ ) ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ&lt;sup&gt;object&lt;/sup&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ: ग्राह्य, ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ: བཛུང་པ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ) ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Skilton, Andrew (1994). A Concise History of Buddhism. Windhorse Publications, London&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;b&gt;ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯ&lt;/b&gt; (Skt. मध्यांतविभागकारिका; Tib. དབུ་མཐའ་རྣམ་འབྱེད་) ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East &amp; West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ वसुबन्धु᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དབྱིག་གཉེན᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳᠪᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠭᠨ᠍ᠶᠧᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠵᠢᠭᠨᠢᠨ) ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ (आभूत-परिकल्प) ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠃<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠡᠢᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East &amp; West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ &lt;b&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ&lt;/b&gt; ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠍ ‍ᠦ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ&lt;sup&gt;རྣམ་པར་རིག་བྱེད (विज्ञप्तिः)&lt;/sup&gt; ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Kalupahana, David J. The Principles of Buddhist Psychology. Satguru Publications, Delhi 1992&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> = ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ=<br /> ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<br /> <br /> <br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=Sunyata&diff=962 2020-08-31T11:08:05Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> =ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Reflection in a soap bubble edit.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ&lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠁]]{{Z}}<br /> '''ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋'''᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ &quot;'''ᠨᠣᠮ'''&quot; ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ '''ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ''' ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ शून्यता ᠱᠦᠦ ᠨᠶᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ སྟོང་པ་ཉིད᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠲᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠎) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (मध्यमक ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠾᠶᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠻᠠ) ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ&lt;ref&gt;Paul Williams (2008). Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge, 68–69. ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1&lt;/ref&gt;᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ &lt;ref&gt;Christopher W. Gowans (2014). Buddhist Moral Philosophy: An Introduction. Routledge, 69–70. ISBN 978-1-317-65934-1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ (ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> =ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ‍ᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠣᠳ ᠲᠤ= <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠴᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ <br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ प्रज्ञा ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེས་རབ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠰ ᠷᠠᠪ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠡᠢᠢᠷᠠᠪ) ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ (माया ᠮᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ (स्वप्न ᠰᠸᠠᠫᠨᠠ) ᠮᠠᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &lt;b&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠲᠤ&lt;/b&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ अष्टसाहस्रिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र ᠠᠱᠲ᠋ᠠᠰᠠᠾᠠᠰᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠫᠠ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠷᠠᠮᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠦᠦᠲ᠋ᠷᠠ ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེར་ཕྱིན་བརྒྱད་སྟོང་པ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠷ ᠫᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠷᠭᠶᠠᠳ᠋ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠢᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠ) ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠳᠮᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Жадамба судар. Орч. Бугат Л.Алтангэрэл. Улаанбаатар. 2014 он&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥ᠋ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;Orsborn, Matthew Bryan. “Chiasmus in the Early Prajñāpāramitā: Literary Parallelism Connecting Criticism &amp; Hermeneutics in an Early Mahāyāna Sūtra”, University of Hong Kong , 2012 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠢ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠰᠦ᠂&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> སྐར་མ་རབ་རིབ་མར་མེ་དང༌། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྒྱུ་མ་ཟིལ་པ་ཆུ་བུར་དང་། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> རྨི་ལམ་གློག་དང་སྤྲིན་ལྟ་བུ། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> འདུས་བྱས་དེ་ལྟར་བལྟ་བར་བྱ། །<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ&lt;sup&gt;object&lt;/sup&gt; ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition.Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠢᠷᠸᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, and Anthony J. Tribe. Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. London: Routledge, 2000 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠬ᠋ᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠴᠤ (ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Хутагт ялж төгс нөгцсөн эх билгийн чанадад хүрсэний зүрхэн оршвой. Түвд хэлнээс орчуулсан Ч.Хатанбаатар. Хянан тохиолдуулсан Б.Идэрбаяр. ©Их Хөлгөний Уламжлалыг Хадгалах Төв. УБ 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> रूपं शून्यता, शून्यतैव रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> रूपान्न पृथक् शून्यता, शून्यताया न पृथग् रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> यद्रूपं सा शून्यता, या शून्यता तद्रूपम्।<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> གཟུགས་སྟོང་པའོ། སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཟུགས་སོ།&lt;br&gt;<br /> གཟུགས་ལས་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཞན་མ་ཡིན།&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ལས་ཀྱང་གཟུགས་གཞན་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ=<br /> ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠌᠄ मध्यमक ᠮᠠᠲᠾᠶᠠᠮᠠᠻᠠ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དབུ་མ, ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠪᠦ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠸᠦᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠦ᠋ᠨᠠ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ नागार्जुन᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ མགོན་པ་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠮᠭᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠣ ᠻᠯᠦ᠋ ᠰᠭᠷᠦ᠋ᠪ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠣᠯᠦ᠋ᠳᠦᠪ ) ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠦᠨᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Kalupahana, David J. (1992), The Principles of Buddhist Psychology, Delhi: ri Satguru Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tsondru, Mabja. Ornament of Reason. Snow Lion Publications. 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠵᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠵᠢ ᠮᠥᠷ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Bronkhorst, Johannes (2009), Buddhist Teaching in India, Wisdom Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ =<br /> <br /> <br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=Sunyata&diff=961 2020-08-31T09:19:10Z

<p>Gegeerel: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> =ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Reflection in a soap bubble edit.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ&lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠁]]{{Z}}<br /> '''ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋'''᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ &quot;'''ᠨᠣᠮ'''&quot; ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ '''ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ''' ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ शून्यता ᠱᠦᠦ ᠨᠶᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ སྟོང་པ་ཉིད᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠲᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠎) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (मध्यमक ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠾᠶᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠻᠠ) ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ&lt;ref&gt;Paul Williams (2008). Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge, 68–69. ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1&lt;/ref&gt;᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ &lt;ref&gt;Christopher W. Gowans (2014). Buddhist Moral Philosophy: An Introduction. Routledge, 69–70. ISBN 978-1-317-65934-1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ (ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> =ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ‍ᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠣᠳ ᠲᠤ= <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠴᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ <br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ प्रज्ञा ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེས་རབ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠰ ᠷᠠᠪ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠡᠢᠢᠷᠠᠪ) ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ (माया ᠮᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ (स्वप्न ᠰᠸᠠᠫᠨᠠ) ᠮᠠᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &lt;b&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠲᠤ&lt;/b&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ अष्टसाहस्रिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र ᠠᠱᠲ᠋ᠠᠰᠠᠾᠠᠰᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠫᠠ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠷᠠᠮᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠦᠦᠲ᠋ᠷᠠ ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེར་ཕྱིན་བརྒྱད་སྟོང་པ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠷ ᠫᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠷᠭᠶᠠᠳ᠋ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠢᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠ) ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠳᠮᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Жадамба судар. Орч. Бугат Л.Алтангэрэл. Улаанбаатар. 2014 он&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥ᠋ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;Orsborn, Matthew Bryan. “Chiasmus in the Early Prajñāpāramitā: Literary Parallelism Connecting Criticism &amp; Hermeneutics in an Early Mahāyāna Sūtra”, University of Hong Kong , 2012 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠢ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠰᠦ᠂&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> སྐར་མ་རབ་རིབ་མར་མེ་དང༌། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྒྱུ་མ་ཟིལ་པ་ཆུ་བུར་དང་། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> རྨི་ལམ་གློག་དང་སྤྲིན་ལྟ་བུ། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> འདུས་བྱས་དེ་ལྟར་བལྟ་བར་བྱ། །<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ&lt;sup&gt;object&lt;/sup&gt; ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition.Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠢᠷᠸᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, and Anthony J. Tribe. Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. London: Routledge, 2000 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠬ᠋ᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠴᠤ (ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Хутагт ялж төгс нөгцсөн эх билгийн чанадад хүрсэний зүрхэн оршвой. Түвд хэлнээс орчуулсан Ч.Хатанбаатар. Хянан тохиолдуулсан Б.Идэрбаяр. ©Их Хөлгөний Уламжлалыг Хадгалах Төв. УБ 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> रूपं शून्यता, शून्यतैव रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> रूपान्न पृथक् शून्यता, शून्यताया न पृथग् रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> यद्रूपं सा शून्यता, या शून्यता तद्रूपम्।<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> གཟུགས་སྟོང་པའོ། སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཟུགས་སོ།&lt;br&gt;<br /> གཟུགས་ལས་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཞན་མ་ཡིན།&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ལས་ཀྱང་གཟུགས་གཞན་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ=<br /> <br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=Sunyata&diff=959 2020-08-31T09:15:26Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> =ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Reflection in a soap bubble edit.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ&lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠁]]{{Z}}<br /> '''ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋'''᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ &quot;'''ᠨᠣᠮ'''&quot; ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ '''ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ''' ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ शून्यता ᠱᠦᠦ ᠨᠶᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ སྟོང་པ་ཉིད᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠲᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠎) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (मध्यमक ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠾᠶᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠻᠠ) ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ&lt;ref&gt;Paul Williams (2008). Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge, 68–69. ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1&lt;/ref&gt;᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ &lt;ref&gt;Christopher W. Gowans (2014). Buddhist Moral Philosophy: An Introduction. Routledge, 69–70. ISBN 978-1-317-65934-1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ (ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> =ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ= <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠴᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ <br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ प्रज्ञा ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེས་རབ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠰ ᠷᠠᠪ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠡᠢᠢᠷᠠᠪ) ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ (माया ᠮᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ (स्वप्न ᠰᠸᠠᠫᠨᠠ) ᠮᠠᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ &lt;b&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠲᠤ&lt;/b&gt; (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ अष्टसाहस्रिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र ᠠᠱᠲ᠋ᠠᠰᠠᠾᠠᠰᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠫᠷᠠᠵᠨ᠍ᠶᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠫᠠ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠷᠠᠮᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠦᠦᠲ᠋ᠷᠠ ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ ཤེར་ཕྱིན་བརྒྱད་སྟོང་པ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠱᠧᠷ ᠫᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠷᠭᠶᠠᠳ᠋ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠢᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠳᠣᠩᠪᠠ) ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠳᠮᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Жадамба судар. Орч. Бугат Л.Алтангэрэл. Улаанбаатар. 2014 он&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥ᠋ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃&lt;ref&gt;Orsborn, Matthew Bryan. “Chiasmus in the Early Prajñāpāramitā: Literary Parallelism Connecting Criticism &amp; Hermeneutics in an Early Mahāyāna Sūtra”, University of Hong Kong , 2012 &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠢ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠰᠦ᠂&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> སྐར་མ་རབ་རིབ་མར་མེ་དང༌། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྒྱུ་མ་ཟིལ་པ་ཆུ་བུར་དང་། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> རྨི་ལམ་གློག་དང་སྤྲིན་ལྟ་བུ། །&lt;br&gt;<br /> འདུས་བྱས་དེ་ལྟར་བལྟ་བར་བྱ། །<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ&lt;sup&gt;object&lt;/sup&gt; ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃ &lt;ref&gt; Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition.Routledge, 2009 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠨᠢᠷᠸᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ᠂ ᠶᠧᠯᠸᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul, and Anthony J. Tribe. Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. London: Routledge, 2000 &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠬ᠋ᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠴᠤ (ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠄&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Хутагт ялж төгс нөгцсөн эх билгийн чанадад хүрсэний зүрхэн оршвой. Түвд хэлнээс орчуулсан Ч.Хатанбаатар. Хянан тохиолдуулсан Б.Идэрбаяр. ©Их Хөлгөний Уламжлалыг Хадгалах Төв. УБ 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> रूपं शून्यता, शून्यतैव रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> रूपान्न पृथक् शून्यता, शून्यताया न पृथग् रूपम्। &lt;br&gt;<br /> यद्रूपं सा शून्यता, या शून्यता तद्रूपम्।<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}<br /> གཟུགས་སྟོང་པའོ། སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཟུགས་སོ།&lt;br&gt;<br /> གཟུགས་ལས་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་གཞན་མ་ཡིན།&lt;br&gt;<br /> སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ལས་ཀྱང་གཟུགས་གཞན་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།།<br /> {{Z}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠸᠠᠲᠾᠢᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ=<br /> <br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=Sunyata&diff=958 2020-08-30T03:19:34Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> =ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Reflection in a soap bubble edit.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ&lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠁]]{{Z}}<br /> '''ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ‍ᠠ᠋'''᠄ &lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ &quot;'''ᠨᠣᠮ'''&quot; ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ '''ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ''' ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ शून्यता ᠱᠦᠦ ᠨᠶᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (मध्यमक ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠾᠶᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠻᠠ) ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ&lt;ref&gt;Paul Williams (2008). Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge, 68–69. ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1&lt;/ref&gt;᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ &lt;ref&gt;Christopher W. Gowans (2014). Buddhist Moral Philosophy: An Introduction. Routledge, 69–70. ISBN 978-1-317-65934-1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ (ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> =ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ= <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠴᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ <br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=Sunyata&diff=957 2020-08-30T01:54:49Z

<p>Gegeerel: Spelling</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> =ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Reflection in a soap bubble edit.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ&lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠁]]{{Z}}<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ शून्यता ᠱᠦᠦ ᠨᠶᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (मध्यमक ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠾᠶᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠻᠠ) ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ&lt;ref&gt;Paul Williams (2008). Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge, 68–69. ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1&lt;/ref&gt;᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ &lt;ref&gt;Christopher W. Gowans (2014). Buddhist Moral Philosophy: An Introduction. Routledge, 69–70. ISBN 978-1-317-65934-1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ (ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> =ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ= <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠴᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ <br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=Sunyata&diff=956 2020-08-30T01:49:33Z

<p>Gegeerel: Created Article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> =ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Reflection in a soap bubble edit.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ&lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠁]]{{Z}}<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ शून्यता ᠱᠦᠦ ᠨᠶᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠ᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (मध्यमक ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠾᠶᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠ᠋ ᠻᠠ) ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ&lt;ref&gt;Paul Williams (2008). Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. Routledge, 68–69. ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1&lt;/ref&gt;᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ &lt;ref&gt;Christopher W. Gowans (2014). Buddhist Moral Philosophy: An Introduction. Routledge, 69–70. ISBN 978-1-317-65934-1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ (ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br /> =ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ= <br /> ᠨᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠴᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ <br /> ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB&diff=820 2020-07-18T01:21:49Z

<p>Gegeerel: Edit</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;__TOC__<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt; [[File:Dharma_Primary_School_-_Children_Meditating_2015.jpg|thumb|<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr;&gt;ᠪᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋&lt;br&gt;ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠣᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠥᠭᠡᠳ ‍ᠥᠳ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋<br /> ]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> =ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ=<br /> ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠵᠢᠪᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ (ᠣᠪᠶᠧᠻᠲ) ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠤᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠢᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠢᠯᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ <br /> &lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;Apple&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt; ᠫᠦᠦᠰ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠳᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ 《ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Стив Жобс буддист хүн байжээ https://news.mn/r/577105/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt; [[File:Thai_woman_meditating.jpg|thumb|<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ‍ᠳᠣ&lt;br&gt;ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠣᠯ&lt;br&gt;ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠥᠯᠬᠥ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠡᠳᠥ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠳᠥᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠠᠷᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠣᠢ]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> дурдал<br /> санамсар<br /> mindfulness<br /> осознанность<br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80&diff=751 2020-06-17T05:49:26Z

<p>Gegeerel: layout formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Noble Truths and Paths.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤ&lt;br&gt;ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠨᠤ ᠊ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠪᠠᠵᠠᠷ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;[1]]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠦᠬᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ<br /> ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;<br /> आर्याष्टाङगमार्ग&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;འཕགས་པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལམ་ཡན་ལག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;བརྒྱད་པ&lt;/span&gt;) ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <br /> ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠮ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ᠄<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;i)&lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;दृष्टि&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལྟ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt; संकल्प&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;རྟོག་པ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;iii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠭᠡ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;वाच्&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ངག&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;iv) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;कर्मन्त&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལས་ཀྱི་མཐའ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;v) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠠᠬᠣᠢ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;आजीव&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;འཚོ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;vi) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;व्यायाम&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;རྩོལ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;vii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;स्मृति&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;དྲན་པ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;viii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;समाधि&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠯ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Wheel of Dharma 01.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;ᠵᠠᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃ &lt;br&gt;ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠣᠲᠠ]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Wheel of Dharma 02.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;<br /> ᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1586)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br&gt;ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ᠃]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ: ᠑) ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠢᠢᠰᠠᠬᠣ᠂ ᠒) ᠠᠭᠣᠷ᠂ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠰᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠠᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ᠂ ᠓) ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠰᠬᠦ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠭᠡ =<br /> ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠴᠢᠬᠦ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠣᠪ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠠᠯᠴᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠢᠯᠡ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠮᠠᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠡ᠋  ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;2)&lt;/span&gt;ᠡᠰᠡ ᠦᠭ᠍ᠭᠦᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠢ ᠮᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;3)&lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠃ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠰᠦᠨᠭᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠥᠮᠴᠢ ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠠᠬᠤᠢ =<br /> ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂<br /> ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ᠄<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠵᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠬᠣ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ᠂ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠯᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠥᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠩᠰᠢᠭᠣᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ<br /> <br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;1) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;2) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;3) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠤᠭᠡ ᠤᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;4) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠪᠲᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠣ ᠳᠣᠷᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠡ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠣᠶᠣᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠣ᠃ ᠠᠮᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠬᠣᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ=<br /> ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠣᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠳ᠋ᠾᠢ (ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠣ) ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ: &quot;ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ&quot;ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ&lt;/span&gt;=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt; ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ http://www.mongoliantemples.org/oralhistorypdfs/L017.pdf<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠭᠡᠰ&lt;/span&gt;=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;<br /> Бурхан&lt;br&gt;<br /> Будда&lt;br&gt;<br /> Буддизм&lt;br&gt;<br /> Бурханы шашин&lt;br&gt;<br /> Buddha&lt;br&gt;<br /> Buddhism<br /> &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠳᠳᠾᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠳᠳᠠ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠤᠳᠳᠠ&lt;br&gt;</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80&diff=749 2020-06-17T05:38:22Z

<p>Gegeerel: layout formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Noble Truths and Paths.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤ&lt;br&gt;ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠨᠤ ᠊ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠪᠠᠵᠠᠷ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;[1]]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠦᠬᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ<br /> ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;<br /> आर्याष्टाङगमार्ग&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;འཕགས་པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལམ་ཡན་ལག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;བརྒྱད་པ&lt;/span&gt;) ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <br /> ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠮ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ᠄<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;i)&lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;दृष्टि&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལྟ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt; संकल्प&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;རྟོག་པ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;iii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠭᠡ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;वाच्&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ངག&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;iv) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;कर्मन्त&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལས་ཀྱི་མཐའ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;v) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠠᠬᠣᠢ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;आजीव&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;འཚོ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;vi) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;व्यायाम&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;རྩོལ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;vii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;स्मृति&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;དྲན་པ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;viii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;समाधि&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠯ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Wheel of Dharma 01.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;ᠵᠠᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃ &lt;br&gt;ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠣᠲᠠ]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Wheel of Dharma 02.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠵᠤᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1586)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br&gt;ᠶᠡᠬᠡ &lt;br&gt;ᠵᠤᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ᠃]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ: ᠑) ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠢᠢᠰᠠᠬᠣ᠂ ᠒) ᠠᠭᠣᠷ᠂ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠰᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠠᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ᠂ ᠓) ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠰᠬᠦ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠭᠡ =<br /> ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠴᠢᠬᠦ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠣᠪ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠠᠯᠴᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠢᠯᠡ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠮᠠᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠡ᠋  ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;2)&lt;/span&gt;ᠡᠰᠡ ᠦᠭ᠍ᠭᠦᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠢ ᠮᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;3)&lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠃ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠰᠦᠨᠭᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠥᠮᠴᠢ ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠠᠬᠤᠢ =<br /> ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂<br /> ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ᠄<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠵᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠬᠣ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ᠂ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠯᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠥᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠩᠰᠢᠭᠣᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ<br /> <br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;1) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;2) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;3) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠤᠭᠡ ᠤᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;4) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠪᠲᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠣ ᠳᠣᠷᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠡ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠣᠶᠣᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠣ᠃ ᠠᠮᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠬᠣᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ᠃<br /> =ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ=<br /> ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠣᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠳ᠋ᠾᠢ (ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠣ) ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ: &quot;ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ&quot;ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ&lt;/span&gt;=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt; ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ http://www.mongoliantemples.org/oralhistorypdfs/L017.pdf<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠭᠡᠰ&lt;/span&gt;=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;<br /> Бурхан&lt;br&gt;<br /> Будда&lt;br&gt;<br /> Буддизм&lt;br&gt;<br /> Бурханы шашин&lt;br&gt;<br /> Buddha&lt;br&gt;<br /> Buddhism<br /> &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠳᠳᠾᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠳᠳᠠ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠤᠳᠳᠠ&lt;br&gt;</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80&diff=747 2020-06-16T12:04:41Z

<p>Gegeerel: /* ᠵᠥᠪ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Noble Truths and Paths.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤ&lt;br&gt;ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠨᠤ ᠊ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠪᠠᠵᠠᠷ&lt;br&gt;ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;[1]]]<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠦᠬᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ<br /> ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;<br /> आर्याष्टाङगमार्ग&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;འཕགས་པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལམ་ཡན་ལག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;བརྒྱད་པ&lt;/span&gt;) ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <br /> ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠮ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠨ᠎ᠠ᠄<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;i)&lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;दृष्टि&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལྟ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt; संकल्प&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;རྟོག་པ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;iii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠭᠡ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;वाच्&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ངག&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;iv) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;कर्मन्त&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ལས་ཀྱི་མཐའ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;v) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠠᠬᠣᠢ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;आजीव&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;འཚོ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;vi) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यग्&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;व्यायाम&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;རྩོལ་བ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;vii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;स्मृति&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;དྲན་པ&lt;/span&gt;)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;viii) &lt;/span&gt; ᠵᠥᠪ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;सम्यक्‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;समाधि&lt;/span&gt;︔ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཡང་དག་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;པའི་&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠵᠡᠯ=<br /> [[File:Wheel of Dharma 01.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ &lt;br&gt;ᠵᠠᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋&lt;br&gt;ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃ &lt;br&gt;ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠣᠲᠠ]]<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ =<br /> [[File:Wheel of Dharma 02.jpg|thumbnail|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠵᠤᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;(1586)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br&gt;ᠶᠡᠬᠡ &lt;br&gt;ᠵᠤᠤ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ &lt;br&gt;ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ &lt;br&gt;ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ &lt;br&gt;ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ᠃]]<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ: ᠑) ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠢᠢᠰᠠᠬᠣ᠂ ᠒) ᠠᠭᠣᠷ᠂ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠰᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠠᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ᠂ ᠓) ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠰᠬᠦ᠃<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠭᠡ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠴᠢᠬᠦ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠣᠪ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠠᠯᠴᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠢᠯᠡ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠣ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠮᠠᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠡ᠋  ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;2)&lt;/span&gt;ᠡᠰᠡ ᠦᠭ᠍ᠭᠦᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠢ ᠮᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠣᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;3)&lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ᠃ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠰᠦᠨᠭᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠥᠮᠴᠢ ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠠᠬᠤᠢ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠭᠣ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂<br /> ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ᠄<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠵᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠬᠣ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ᠂ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠯᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠥᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠩᠰᠢᠭᠣᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ<br /> &lt;br&gt;᠊᠊ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ<br /> <br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;1) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;2) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠬᠣ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;3) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠤᠭᠡ ᠤᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb &quot;&gt;4) &lt;/span&gt;ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠪᠲᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠣ ᠳᠣᠷᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠡ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠂ ᠣᠶᠣᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠣ᠃ ᠠᠮᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠬᠣᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ᠃<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr&quot;&gt;ᠵᠥᠪ &lt;br&gt;ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠣᠮᠠᠰ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠃ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠳ᠋ᠾᠢ (ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠣ) ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ: &quot;ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ&quot;ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃<br /> <br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr;&quot;&gt;ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ&lt;/span&gt;=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠰᠦᠮᠡ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠡᠢᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂&lt;br&gt;ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ᠂&lt;br&gt;ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> http://www.mongoliantemples.org/oralhistorypdfs/L017.pdf<br /> =&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr;&quot;&gt;ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ &lt;br&gt;ᠦᠭᠡᠰ&lt;/span&gt;=<br /> Бурхан&lt;br&gt;<br /> Будда&lt;br&gt;<br /> Буддизм&lt;br&gt;<br /> Бурханы шашин&lt;br&gt;<br /> Buddha&lt;br&gt;<br /> Buddhism&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'&quot;&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠳᠳᠾᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠦᠳᠳᠠ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠪᠤᠳᠳᠠ&lt;br&gt;</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%80%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%85_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BB&diff=622 2020-05-07T10:57:33Z

<p>Gegeerel: image</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:CMB Timeline300 no WMAP.jpg|thumb|<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ=<br /> ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠨᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠨᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠳᠡᠭ᠃<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> &lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;<br /> мировоззрение&lt;br&gt;<br /> worldview&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B3&diff=543 2020-01-07T12:18:50Z

<p>Gegeerel: image</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;__TOC__<br /> &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> =ᠠᠪᠢᠱᠢᠭ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File: སྐྱབས་རྗེ་པདྨ་བཟང་།.jpg|thumb|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> '''ᠠᠪᠢᠱᠢᠭ''' &lt;br&gt; 1) ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt; 2) ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ᠃<br /> &lt;br&gt; 3) ᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ᠃ (ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ) <br /> =ᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠯ=<br /> ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ अभिषेक (abhiṣeka) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ &lt;br&gt;ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ, ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Woman reading a book at Kalachakra empowerment, Ladakh, 2014.jpg|thumb|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠮᠯᠠᠮ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ&lt;br&gt;ᠠᠪᠱᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ&lt;br&gt;ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ&lt;br&gt;ᠪᠤᠢ&lt;br&gt;ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ=<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt;[[File:Abisig.png|thumb|360px|&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> ᠸᠠᠩ&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠡᠷᠬᠡ&lt;br&gt;<br /> авшиг&lt;br&gt;<br /> ван&lt;br&gt;<br /> initiation&lt;br&gt;<br /> empowerment<br /> <br /> [[Category:ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81&diff=542 2020-01-07T12:05:06Z

<p>Gegeerel: Expanded list</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;᠀᠋&lt;/span&gt;<br /> [[File:HomePage.JPG|center]]<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;<br /> Encyclopædia Mongolica Grandis : Большая монгольская энциклопедия : &lt;br&gt;<br /> ༄།།ཆེན་པོ་ཧོར་གྱི་ཤེས་བྱ་ཀུན་བཏུས་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་བཞུགས་སོ།། : Ұлы Моңғол үлкен энциклопедиясы.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;inputbox&gt;<br /> type=create<br /> width=100<br /> break=no<br /> buttonlabel=Шинэ нийтлэл үүсгэх<br /> default=(ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋)<br /> &lt;/inputbox&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;<br /> [http://wikibilig.mn/Editor.html Монгол бичгийн эдитор]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠳ&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Авшиг|ᠠᠪᠢᠱᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋|ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠯᠻᠦ᠋ᠪᠢᠶᠧᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Энгийн герпес|ᠡᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠾᠧᠷᠫᠧᠰ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Идэж болдог ус|ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠣᠭ ᠣᠰᠣ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Баартагчин|ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Байгалийн Түүхийн Музей|ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮ ᠠ|ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠷᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠮᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Халиун буга|ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хар нүх|ᠬᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хархорины усан цахилгаан станц|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠴᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хархорины усжуулах байгууламж|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠣᠰᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хэлмэгдэгсдийн хөшөө|ᠬᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хутагтын дөрвөн үнэн|ᠬᠣᠲᠣᠬᠲᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хутагтын найман мөр|ᠬᠤᠲᠦᠬᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хоёртын тооллын систем|ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷᠲᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠡᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Галактик|ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Геологийн цаг тоолол (босоо хүснэгт)|ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ (ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭ ᠠ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ)]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Геологийн цаг тоолол|ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мануул|ᠮᠠᠨᠤᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мазаалай|ᠮᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мартан|ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мэдэмсэр|ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠮᠰᠡᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Монголын газрын гадаргын геологийн түүх|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Монголын түүхийн цаг тоолол|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Сэтгэл төдийтний тогтсон таалал|ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠥᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍‍‍‍‍ᠥ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Тусгай хамгаалалттай газар|ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дэлхийн Ван|ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дэг|ᠳᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дурдал|ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цагаан кола|ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠻᠣᠯᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цоохор ирвэс|ᠴᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠢᠷᠪᠢᠰ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Чавхдасын онол|ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠠᠰᠦ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Заг хүйтэн|ᠵᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ‎]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠠᠩᠭᠢᠷ ᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Их Хорум зочид буудал|ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠮ ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ‎‎]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠦᠨᠢᠻᠣᠳ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Пульсар|ᠫᠦᠯᠰᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Робот|ᠷᠣᠪᠣᠲ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Калашниковын автомат|ᠻᠠᠯᠠᠱᠨᠢᠻᠣᠹ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠮᠠᠲ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠼᠢᠷᠷᠥᠽ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠾᠦᠯᠢᠭᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[C амин дэм|C ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80&diff=541 2020-01-07T11:24:37Z

<p>Gegeerel: image</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}{{Dutuu}}<br /> =ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠮᠰᠡᠷ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Meditating_in_urban_environment.JPG|thumb]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠦᠩᠭᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ (ᠥᠪᠶᠧᠻᠲ) ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:The_Kalm_Kayak_program_at_Guantanamo_-c.jpg|thumb]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> =ᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠯ=<br /> ᠮᠡᠳᠡ <br /> &lt;br&gt;+ &lt;br&gt;᠊ᠮᠰᠡᠷ <br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Meditation_in_a_yoga_asana_with_namaste.jpg|thumb]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> =ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Medemser.png|thumb|360px]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> мэдэмсэр&lt;br&gt;<br /> ухамсар&lt;br&gt;<br /> awareness&lt;br&gt;<br /> consciousness&lt;br&gt;<br /> осознанность&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ]]<br /> [[Category: ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB&diff=540 2020-01-07T11:21:02Z

<p>Gegeerel: Created article</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;__TOC__<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt; [[File:Dharma_Primary_School_-_Children_Meditating_2015.jpg|thumb|<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> =ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ=<br /> ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠵᠢᠪᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ (ᠣᠪᠶᠧᠻᠲ) ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠤᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠢᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠢᠯᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ <br /> &lt;small&gt;&lt;small&gt;Apple&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/small&gt; ᠫᠦᠦᠰ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠳᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ 《ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃&lt;ref&gt;Стив Жобс буддист хүн байжээ https://news.mn/r/577105/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: horizontal-tb&quot;&gt; [[File:Thai_woman_meditating.jpg|thumb|<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> дурдал<br /> санамсар<br /> mindfulness<br /> осознанность<br /> =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80&diff=539 2020-01-07T06:05:57Z

<p>Gegeerel: edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}{{Dutuu}}<br /> =ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠮᠰᠡᠷ=<br /> ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠦᠩᠭᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ (ᠥᠪᠶᠧᠻᠲ) ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Meditating_in_urban_environment.JPG|thumb]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> =ᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠯ=<br /> ᠮᠡᠳᠡ <br /> &lt;br&gt;+ &lt;br&gt;᠊ᠮᠰᠡᠷ <br /> =ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Medemser.png|thumb|360px]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> мэдэмсэр&lt;br&gt;<br /> ухамсар&lt;br&gt;<br /> awareness&lt;br&gt;<br /> consciousness&lt;br&gt;<br /> осознанность&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ]]<br /> [[Category: ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%87:Gegeerel&diff=538 2020-01-04T12:52:28Z

<p>Gegeerel: Хуудас үүсгэв: &quot;http://olloo.mn/n/70759.html&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>http://olloo.mn/n/70759.html</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80&diff=537 2020-01-04T03:15:49Z

<p>Gegeerel: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}{{Dutuu}}<br /> =ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠮᠰᠡᠷ=<br /> ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠯᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠦᠩᠭᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ (ᠥᠪᠶᠧᠻᠲ) ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Meditating_in_urban_environment.JPG|thumb]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> =ᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠯ=<br /> ᠮᠡᠳᠡ <br /> &lt;br&gt;+ &lt;br&gt;᠊ᠮᠰᠡᠷ <br /> =ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Medemser.png|thumb|360px]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> мэдэмсэр&lt;br&gt;<br /> ухамсар&lt;br&gt;<br /> awareness&lt;br&gt;<br /> consciousness&lt;br&gt;<br /> осознанность&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ]]<br /> [[Category: ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80&diff=536 2020-01-04T03:14:36Z

<p>Gegeerel: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}{{Dutuu}}<br /> =ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠮᠰᠡᠷ=<br /> ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠯᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠦᠩᠭᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ (ᠥᠪᠶᠧᠻᠲ) ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Meditating_in_urban_environment.JPG|thumb]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> =ᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠯ=<br /> ᠮᠡᠳᠡ <br /> &lt;br&gt;+ &lt;br&gt;᠊ᠮᠰᠡᠷ <br /> =ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Medemser.png|thumb|360px]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> мэдэмсэр&lt;br&gt;<br /> ухамсар&lt;br&gt;<br /> awareness&lt;br&gt;<br /> consciousness&lt;br&gt;<br /> осознанность&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ]]<br /> [[Category: ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80&diff=535 2020-01-04T03:01:41Z

<p>Gegeerel: edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Garchig}}{{Dutuu}}<br /> =ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠮᠰᠡᠷ=<br /> ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠯᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> ᠦᠩᠭᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃&lt;br&gt; <br /> ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ (ᠥᠪᠶᠧᠻᠲ) ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃&lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Meditating_in_urban_environment.JPG|thumb]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> =ᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠯ=<br /> ᠮᠡᠳᠡ <br /> &lt;br&gt;+ &lt;br&gt;᠊ᠮᠰᠡᠷ <br /> =ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ=<br /> {{Horizontal}}[[File:Medemser.png|thumb|360px]]&lt;/span&gt;<br /> =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=<br /> мэдэмсэр&lt;br&gt;<br /> ухамсар&lt;br&gt;<br /> awareness&lt;br&gt;<br /> consciousness&lt;br&gt;<br /> осознанность&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ]]<br /> [[Category: ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ]]</div>

Gegeerel https://wikibilig.mn/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81&diff=534 2020-01-03T11:51:35Z

<p>Gegeerel: Expanded list</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;᠀᠋&lt;/span&gt;<br /> [[File:HomePage.JPG|center]]<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;<br /> Encyclopædia Mongolica Grandis : Большая монгольская энциклопедия : &lt;br&gt;<br /> ༄།།ཆེན་པོ་ཧོར་གྱི་ཤེས་བྱ་ཀུན་བཏུས་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་བཞུགས་སོ།། : Ұлы Моңғол үлкен энциклопедиясы.<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;inputbox&gt;<br /> type=create<br /> width=100<br /> break=no<br /> buttonlabel=Шинэ нийтлэл үүсгэх<br /> default=(ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋)<br /> &lt;/inputbox&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;<br /> [http://wikibilig.mn/Editor.html Монгол бичгийн эдитор]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠳ&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;writing-mode: vertical-lr; &quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Авшиг|ᠠᠪᠢᠱᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋|ᠠᠪᠯᠢᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠯᠻᠦ᠋ᠪᠢᠶᠧᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Энгийн герпес|ᠡᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠾᠧᠷᠫᠧᠰ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Идэж болдог ус|ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠣᠭ ᠣᠰᠣ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Баартагчин|ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Байгалийн Түүхийн Музей|ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮ ᠠ|ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠪᠷᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠮᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Халиун буга|ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хар нүх|ᠬᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хархорины усан цахилгаан станц|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠴᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хархорины усжуулах байгууламж|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ‍ᠣ ᠣᠰᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хэлмэгдэгсдийн хөшөө|ᠬᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хутагтын дөрвөн үнэн|ᠬᠣᠲᠣᠬᠲᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хутагтын найман мөр|ᠬᠤᠲᠦᠬᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Хоёртын тооллын систем|ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷᠲᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠡᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Галактик|ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Геологийн цаг тоолол (босоо хүснэгт)|ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ (ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭ ᠠ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ)]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Геологийн цаг тоолол|ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мануул|ᠮᠠᠨᠤᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мазаалай|ᠮᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠢ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мартан|ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Мэдэмсэр|ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠮᠰᠡᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Монголын газрын гадаргын геологийн түүх|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Монголын түүхийн цаг тоолол|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Сэтгэл төдийтний тогтсон таалал|ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠥᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍‍‍‍‍ᠥ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Тусгай хамгаалалттай газар|ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дэлхийн Ван|ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Дэг|ᠳᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цагаан кола|ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠻᠣᠯᠠ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Цоохор ирвэс|ᠴᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠢᠷᠪᠢᠰ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Чавхдасын онол|ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠠᠰᠦ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Заг хүйтэн|ᠵᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ‎]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠠᠩᠭᠢᠷ ᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Их Хорум зочид буудал|ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠮ ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ‎‎]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠶᠦᠨᠢᠻᠣᠳ᠋]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Пульсар|ᠫᠦᠯᠰᠠᠷ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Робот|ᠷᠣᠪᠣᠲ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Калашниковын автомат|ᠻᠠᠯᠠᠱᠨᠢᠻᠣᠹ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠮᠠᠲ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠼᠢᠷᠷᠥᠽ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[ᠾᠦᠯᠢᠭᠠᠨ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[C амин дэм|C ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠮ]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;</div>

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