|
ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠣᠷ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ
ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋
|
|
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠫᠦᠰᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨᠡ 1905 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠷᠣᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠣᠨ ᠦᠨ᠍ᠭᠧᠷᠨ᠍ ᠦ ᠱᠲ᠋ᠠᠪ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠥᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠾᠣᠰᠫᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠾᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩ᠃
ᠠᠩᠬᠠ 1902 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ 1905 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ-ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋[1]᠃
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠧᠯᠭᠢ-ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼᠢ-ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1910 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃[2]
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠷᠣᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠷᠣᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃
"ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠣᠷ" ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ "ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠯᠲᠠ" ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃
|
ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠵᠦᠭᠳᠣᠷ ᠦᠨ 1913 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋
|
|
ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ 1919 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠮᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠪᠠᠷᠣᠨ᠍ ᠤᠩᠭᠧᠷᠨ᠍ 1920 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠤᠳᠠᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠰᠡᠲᠡᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠠᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ 1921 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ 1921 ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠯᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠵᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠥ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠥᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ 1935 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠾᠣᠰᠫᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠰᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠲᠤᠰ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ 1939 - 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃
ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ 1957 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠻᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠻᠲᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ 1977-1978 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠍ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠷ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠡᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃[3]
