ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ хуудасны эх кодыг харах

ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ
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ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ᠂ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠶ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠥᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠣ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠶ ᠪᠠ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠶ ᠊ᠢ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠠᠻᠷᠣᠰᠻᠣᠫᠶ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠣ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠰᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠾᠨᠣᠯᠣᠺᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠦ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠻᠷᠤ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠢᠻᠷᠣ᠋ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠣᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃[1] ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠣᠬᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃  ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢᠳ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ 20 ᠊ᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠍ᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠭᠦᠥᠷᠨᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠳᠠᠰᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠮ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠡᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠢ ᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠰᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣᠻᠰ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠷᠢᠴᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠹᠧᠢᠢᠨᠮᠠᠨ (Richard Feynman) ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ 《ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠣ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ》[2]
ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ (ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ (discrete) ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ) ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠰᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ᠂ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠥᠨ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠴᠦ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠶ᠂ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠫᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ (ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠯᠠᠯ) ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ (ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋) ᠊ᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠣᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[3]
=ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ᠄ ᠮᠠᠻᠰ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ=
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ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭ᠍ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠥ᠋ᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠣᠭ ᠲᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠠᠳ  ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠢᠯᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠦᠶᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠣᠷᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠢᠨ᠋ᠹᠷᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠻᠠᠮᠧᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠢᠡᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ (ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠣᠯ) ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠣ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠰᠣ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠷ ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷ ᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠲᠣ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠨᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠦᠢ ᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠰ ᠬᠠ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠥᠢᠢᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠣᠭᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ 《ᠬᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠡ》 ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠰᠠᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢ 《ᠬᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠪᠡᠢ ᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ》 ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ 
ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠲᠣᠷ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠡ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠮᠭᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠯ ᠡ᠃ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠦᠷ ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠯᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠯ ᠠ᠃ 

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ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ 1900 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠠᠻᠰ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ</big></big></big> (Max Planck) <big><big><big>ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃[4] ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠥᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠪᠣᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃  
ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋  ᠳᠦᠩ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠢ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ 《ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ》᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠷᠥᠫᠥᠷᠼᠢᠶᠥᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 
ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ h  ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠳᠬ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ 6.63×10−34 ᠵᠣᠥ᠋ᠯ (Joule) ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠋ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃ f  ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ  
E=nhf, n = 1, 2, 3 …[5]
ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃ 
ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠣᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠊ᠣ ᠻ᠋ᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ 《ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻ᠋ᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠢ ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠣ》ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋᠋ᠻ ᠳ᠋ᠣ1918 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠨᠣᠪᠧᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ[6]᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠻ᠋ᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠠᠲᠢᠻ ᠣᠪ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ[7]᠃
=ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ: ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ=
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Einstein.jpg |thumb|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'"><br> <br>]]</span>
ᠠᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ᠋ ᠧᠶᠢᠨ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠢᠨ᠋ 1905 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠬᠠᠮ ᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠣᠪ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠲᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠰᠠᠯᠣᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠥᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ [7] ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃
E = hf
ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣᠣ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠣ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠯᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠷᠭᠣᠯᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠣᠭᠠᠨ 19 ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠥᠩᠬᠢᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠭ᠍ᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠷᠧᠹᠷᠠᠻᠽᠢ (refraction)᠂ ᠳᠢᠹᠹᠷᠠᠻᠽᠢ (diffraction)᠂ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠯᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ (polarization) ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠣᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃  
ᠵᠧᠢᠢᠮᠰ ᠻᠯᠧᠷᠻ ᠮᠠᠻᠰᠸᠧᠯᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠮᠠᠻᠰᠸᠧᠯᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠩᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊‍ᠣᠨ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠣᠯᠢ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠥᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠯᠠᠬᠠᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠣ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ᠌ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠡᠢᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠣᠵᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃  ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠣᠬᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠣ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠬᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠢᠰᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠣᠴᠭ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠢᠹᠹᠷᠠᠻᠼᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃

=ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ=
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Photoelectric_effect.png|thumb|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'"><br> <br>]]</span>
ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ (ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ) ᠲᠣᠰᠴᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠩ᠋ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ (ᠧᠨᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠩ᠋ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ) ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣᠳ (ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ) ᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠃
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠾᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠋ᠷᠢᠬ᠌ ᠾᠧᠷᠼ 1887 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ [9] ᠹᠢᠯᠢᠫᠫ ᠯᠧᠨᠠᠷᠳ᠋ 1902 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢᠲᠣ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠠᠪᠠᠰᠣ ᠣᠭᠲᠣ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠭᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠥᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠣᠬᠣ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠋ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠣᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠴᠢᠯᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃[10]:24 ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ (ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ f  ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ hf  ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ [9] ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠍ᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ hf  ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃[9] ᠲᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠣᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠯᠡ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠣ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃[9]
ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠢ ᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠡᠢᠢᠨ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ 《ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠹᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠻᠼᠢ》 (φ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃[9] ᠡᠨᠡ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠹᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠻᠼᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ f0 ᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠹᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠻᠼᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠄
φ = hf0
f   ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡ f0 ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯ hf  ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠮ᠂ ᠰᠣᠭᠣᠷᠴᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠻᠢᠨᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ EK ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠧᠨᠧᠨᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠮᠣᠢ᠄
	EK = hf  - φ = health (f - f0 ).
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ f  ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭ᠌ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ hf  ᠬᠡᠨᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭ᠌ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠮᠵᠢᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠨᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ᠌ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ 《ᠪᠠᠭᠣᠯᠲᠠ》 ᠬᠢᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠣᠭᠣ᠃[11][note 3]
=ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ=

ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠷᠢᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠯᠠᠭᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠨ᠋ᠹᠷᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠷᠢᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠯᠠᠭᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠰᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦᠢᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠨ᠋ᠹᠷᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠰᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠣ᠂ ᠪᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠲᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠨ᠋ᠹᠷᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠠᠷᠢᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠯᠠᠭᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠥᠨᠡᠮᠯᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠯᠳᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠣᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ (ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ) ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠬᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠮᠣᠢ᠃
ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠷ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠰᠢᠭ᠌ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠾᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠽ (Hertz)᠂ ᠯᠧᠨᠨᠠᠷᠳ᠋ (Lennard) ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠣᠨ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠣᠭᠦᠳ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ 
ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠳ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠵᠣᠣᠬ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠠᠭᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷ ᠰᠢᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠰᠢᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠳᠣ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠮᠣᠢ᠃
ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ (ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠬᠣ ᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ) ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ  ᠊ᠳᠣᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ  ᠊ᠳᠣᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠢ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠣᠮᠣᠶ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠊ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠮᠣᠶ᠃ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠣ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠠᠩᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢᠳ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠰᠣᠮ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭ᠍ᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶ ᠵᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠶ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠣᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠮᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠴᠭᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠣᠲᠧᠨᠼᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠣᠭᠲᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠠᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᡖᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠰᠠᠮ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠧᠶᠢᠨ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠢᠨ᠋ ᠊ᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋  ᠊ᠳᠦᠩ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠣ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠨ᠋᠊ᠸᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠢᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠤ᠋ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠯᠣᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢ  ᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠣ ᠦᠷᠡᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠤ᠋ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠲᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠤ᠋ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ  ᠣ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠠᠮᠢᠻ  ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠳᠣ ᠲᠣᠰᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠭ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠨᠡᠡ᠃

=ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
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