Засварлах: ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ

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=ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ=
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Lithium-hydroxide-xtal-3D-SF.png|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ<br>ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ<br>ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ<br><ruby>ᠯᠢᠲ᠋<rt>lithium</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br><ruby>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋<rt>hydroxide</rt></ruby>]]{{Z}}<br><br>
<b>ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ</b> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]] ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠯᠭᠤᠮᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ <ruby>ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ<rt>indicator</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ <ruby>ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ<rt>litmus</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ [[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]] ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢᠽ<rt>catalysis</rt></ruby>) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/acid Britannica. Base (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <ruby>ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ<rt>dissociation</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref><br>
ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠶᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ {{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br><br>
{{Horizontal}}<br><br><br><br><br><strong>MeOH = Me<sup>+</sup> + OH<sup>-</sup></strong>{{Z}}<br><br>
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄<br>
{{Horizontal}}<var>Me<sup>+</sup></var>{{Z}} ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎᠂<br>
{{Horizontal}}<var>OH<sup>-</sup></var>{{Z}} ᠨᠢ <ruby>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋<rt>hydroxide</rt></ruby> ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠃<br><br>
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄<br><br>
{{Horizontal}}<br><br><br><br><br>NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O<br>{{Mongolian}}<ruby>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ<rt>sodium</rt></ruby>  ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <br>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂ {{Z}}<br>
Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> + 2HCl = CaCl<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O<br>{{Mongolian}}<ruby>ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢ<rt>calcium</rt></ruby>  ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br> ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂ {{Z}}<br>
{{Z}}<br><br>
{{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ <br>
ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋: 
{{Horizontal}}(NaOH; <br>Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>; <br>Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>){{Z}}<br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <br>
ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋<rt>carbonate</rt></ruby> ᠪᠠ <ruby>ᠠᠮᠮᠢᠶᠠᠻ<rt>Ammonia</rt></ruby> ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃<br><br>
{{Horizontal}}<br><br><br><br><br>Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → 2Na<sup>+</sup> + HCO3<sup>−</sup> + OH<sup>−</sup><br><br>
NH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + OH<sup>−</sup>{{Z}}<br>
ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref> Рудзитис Г. Е., Фельдман Ф. Г. Химия. Неорганическая химия. Органическая химия. 9 класс. — 13-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 2009. —ISBN 978-5-09-021-625-8 </ref><br><br>
=ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ=
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Мыло ручной работы "Сердце".jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠰᠠᠪᠤᠩ<br>ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ<br>ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ]]{{Z}}<br><br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠾᠶᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠄ {{Horizontal}}LiOH᠂<br>NaOH ᠂<br>Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br>
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠄ {{Horizontal}}Cu(OH) <sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ {{Horizontal}}LiOH{{Z}} - ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; {{Horizontal}}Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}} - ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; {{Horizontal}}Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>{{Z}} - ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠃<br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ <ruby>ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠼᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠼ<rt>concentration</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br> 
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ <ruby>ᠠᠮᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ<rt>amphoteros</rt></ruby> ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br>
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ 
{{Horizontal}} Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Zr(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br> Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Be(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br><br>
=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
[[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]<br>
[[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]]<br>
[[ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ]]

=ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=
{{Horizontal}}
суурь<br>
шүлт<br>
гидроксид<br>
металл<br>
хүчил<br>
давс<br>
диссоциац<br>
ион<br>
анион<br>
base<br>
alkali<br>
hydroxide<br>
metal<br>
acid<br>
salt<br>
dissociation<br>
ion<br>
anion<br>
основание<br>
щелочь<br>
кислота<br>
соль<br>
диссоциация<br>
{{Z}}
=ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
{{Horizontal}}

[[Category:ᠬᠢᠮᠢ‏‎]]