"ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
(Edit) |
(Spelling) |
||
| (Хэрэглэгчид 4 дундын хувилбарууд харагдахгүй) | |||
| 3-р мөр: | 3-р мөр: | ||
{{Image | {{Image | ||
|Filename=Falcon Heavy Side Boosters landing on LZ1 and LZ2 - 2018 (25254688767).jpg | |Filename=Falcon Heavy Side Boosters landing on LZ1 and LZ2 - 2018 (25254688767).jpg | ||
|text=<div style = "text-align: left; margin-top: 2vh;">ᠹᠠᠯᠻᠣᠨ ᠾᠧᠸᠢ<sup>Falcon Heavy</sup> ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ <br>ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ <br>ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | |text=<div style = "text-align: left; margin-top: 2vh;">ᠹᠠᠯᠻᠣᠨ ᠾᠧᠸᠢ<sup>Falcon Heavy</sup> ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ <br>ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ <br>ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠤ | ||
}} | }} | ||
| 13-р мөр: | 13-р мөр: | ||
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ [[Ньютоны хөдөлгөөний хуулиуд#ᠨᠧᠸᠲᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ|ᠨᠧᠸᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ]] ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ [[Ньютоны хөдөлгөөний хуулиуд#ᠨᠧᠸᠲᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ|ᠨᠧᠸᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ]] ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ||
ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ [[ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ|ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ]] ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ [[ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ|ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ]] ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ | ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| 30-р мөр: | 30-р мөр: | ||
ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ (ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ) ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | ||
'''ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ''' ᠨᠢ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | '''ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ''' ᠨᠢ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ<sup>catalyst</sup> ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ||
ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | |||
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ (N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽᠠᠲᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠦᠮ (Ir) ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠦᠷᠢᠯ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ<ref>https://ir.aerojetrocketdyne.com/news-releases/news-release-details/aerojet-announces-licensing-and-manufacture-spontaneous?releaseid=708514 Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings, Inc. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25</ref>᠃ | ||
ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ 1000°C ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠽᠣᠲ (N)᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ (H<sub>2</sub>)᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢ<sup>ammonium</sup> ᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | |||
ᠮᠥᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠢ (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠥᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠢ (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ||
ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤ IHI Aerospace ᠻᠣᠷᠫᠣᠷᠠᠼ 1964 ᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠰᠢ 900 | ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤ IHI Aerospace ᠻᠣᠷᠫᠣᠷᠠᠼ 1964 ᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠰᠢ 900 ᠾᠢᠲᠠᠽᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ<ref>https://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/products/space/hydrazine/index.html IHI Aerospace Co.Ltd. Hydrazine Monopropellant Thrusters. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25</ref>᠃ | ||
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠳ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ [[ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ|ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ]] ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ TDRS-1)᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠭᠡᠭ ᠢ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ Союз) ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
'''ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ | '''ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ''' ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠡᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ (Восток᠂ Saturn ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ, Союз᠂ Falcon 1᠂ Falcon 9) ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ||
ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠦ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ (Space Shuttle ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ᠂ Saturn V ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ Ariane 5᠂ Centaur ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ)᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ CH<sub>4</sub> (BE-4᠂ Raptor ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ<ref>https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/engineering/components/lng/index.html Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. LNG Propulsion System. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25</ref>᠃ | |||
ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | |||
ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠧᠷᠣᠽᠢᠨ50<sup>aerozine50</sup> (50% UDMH, 50% ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ) ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠧᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ (Titan᠂ Apollo ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠯ᠂ Voyager 1᠂ 2) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ||
ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠣᠨᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ (Monomethylhydrazine, (CH<sub>3</sub>)HN<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ | ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠣᠨᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ (Monomethylhydrazine, (CH<sub>3</sub>)HN<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠧᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ (Space Suttle ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋᠂ Dragon ᠬᠣᠯᠭᠡ) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ | ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠻᠨᠢᠻ<sup>pyrotechnical</sup>᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ||
ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢᠰᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠴᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ | ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢᠰᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠴᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ||
'''ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | '''ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ''' ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ<sup>impulse</sup> ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ||
ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ 1988 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ РД-701 ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ | ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ 1988 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ РД-701 ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠩᠬᠦᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ | ||
ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ | ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ||
ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ||
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| 77-р мөр: | 77-р мөр: | ||
{{Image | {{Image | ||
|Filename=SolidRocketMotor-MN.jpg | |Filename=SolidRocketMotor-MN.jpg | ||
|text=<div style = "text-align: left; margin-top: 2vh;">ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ | |text=<div style = "text-align: left; margin-top: 2vh;">ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ | ||
}} | }} | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ<ref name=":0" />᠃ | ||
ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ||
ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (Space Shuttle, 나로호 ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ SS-520)<ref>Jenkins, Dennis R. (2016). ''Space Shuttle: Developing an Icon – 1972–2013''. Specialty Press. ISBN <bdi>978-1-58007-249-6</bdi>.</ref>᠃ | ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (Space Shuttle, 나로호 ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ SS-520)<ref>Jenkins, Dennis R. (2016). ''Space Shuttle: Developing an Icon – 1972–2013''. Specialty Press. ISBN <bdi>978-1-58007-249-6</bdi>.</ref>᠃ | ||
ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ''ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ'' ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <br><br> | ||
=== ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ === | === ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ === | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| 94-р мөр: | 94-р мөр: | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ | ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ | ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | |||
ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ SpaceShipOne 2004 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠠᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<ref>https://www.space.com/16769-spaceshipone-first-private-spacecraft.html SpaceShipOne: The First Private Spacecraft. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25</ref> | |||
<br><br> | |||
=== ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ === | === ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ === | ||
<br> | |||
ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - rocket - ракета | ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - rocket - ракета | ||
ᠵᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ (ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ) - launch vehicle - ракета-носитель | |||
ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - chemical rocket engine - химический ракетный двигатель | ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - chemical rocket engine - химический ракетный двигатель | ||
| 117-р мөр: | 118-р мөр: | ||
ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - hybrid-propellant rocket - гибридный ракетный двигатель | ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - hybrid-propellant rocket - гибридный ракетный двигатель | ||
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - monopropellant rocket - однокомпонентный ЖРД | ||
ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - bipropellant rocket - двухкомпонентный ЖРД | ||
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - tripropellant rocket - трехкомпонентный ЖРД | ||
ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ - combustible - горючее | ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ - combustible - горючее | ||
| 130-р мөр: | 131-р мөр: | ||
ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ - thrust - тяга<br><br> | ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ - thrust - тяга<br><br> | ||
<br> | |||
=== ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ === | === ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Ангилал:ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ]] | [[Ангилал:ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ]] | ||
[[Ангилал:ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ]] | [[Ангилал:ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ]] | ||
13:47, 26 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2020-ий байдлаарх одоогийн засвар
ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
|
.jpg)
ᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃[1]
ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠫᠤᠦᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠧᠸᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
.png)
kerosene ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍
liquid oxygen ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ
fuel pumps ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋
valves ᠬᠠᠪᠬᠠᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋
combustion chamber ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ
ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠻᠠᠮᠧᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃[1]
ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨkerosn ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ (ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ) ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷcatalyst ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ (N2H4)᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽᠠᠲᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠦᠮ (Ir) ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠦᠷᠢᠯ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ[2]᠃
ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ 1000°C ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠽᠣᠲ (N)᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ (H2)᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢammonium ᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠮᠥᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠢ (H2O2) ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤ IHI Aerospace ᠻᠣᠷᠫᠣᠷᠠᠼ 1964 ᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠰᠢ 900 ᠾᠢᠲᠠᠽᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ[3]᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ TDRS-1)᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠭᠡᠭ ᠢ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ Союз) ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠡᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ (Восток᠂ Saturn ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ, Союз᠂ Falcon 1᠂ Falcon 9) ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠦ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ (Space Shuttle ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ᠂ Saturn V ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ Ariane 5᠂ Centaur ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ)᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ CH4 (BE-4᠂ Raptor ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ[4]᠃
ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠧᠷᠣᠽᠢᠨ50aerozine50 (50% UDMH, 50% ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ) ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠧᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (N2O4) ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ (Titan᠂ Apollo ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠯ᠂ Voyager 1᠂ 2) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠣᠨᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ (Monomethylhydrazine, (CH3)HN2H2) ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠧᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (N2O4) ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ (Space Suttle ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋᠂ Dragon ᠬᠣᠯᠭᠡ) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠻᠨᠢᠻpyrotechnical᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢᠰᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠴᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰimpulse ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ 1988 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ РД-701 ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠩᠬᠦᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃
ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
|
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ[1]᠃
ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (Space Shuttle, 나로호 ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ SS-520)[5]᠃
ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
bloc de propergol ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ
vanne ᠬᠠᠪᠬᠠᠯᠭᠠ
système d'allumage ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ
injecteur ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠭᠦᠷ
tuyère ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ
ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃
ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ SpaceShipOne 2004 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠠᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃[6]
ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - rocket - ракета
ᠵᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ (ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ) - launch vehicle - ракета-носитель
ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - chemical rocket engine - химический ракетный двигатель
ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - liquid-propellant rocket - жидкостный ракетный двигатель
ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - solid-propellant rocket - твердотопливный ракетный двигатель
ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - hybrid-propellant rocket - гибридный ракетный двигатель
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - monopropellant rocket - однокомпонентный ЖРД
ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - bipropellant rocket - двухкомпонентный ЖРД
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - tripropellant rocket - трехкомпонентный ЖРД
ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ - combustible - горючее
ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ - fuel - топливо
ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ - ignition - воспламенение
ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ - thrust - тяга
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/rocket.html National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Rocket propulsion. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/10
- ↑ https://ir.aerojetrocketdyne.com/news-releases/news-release-details/aerojet-announces-licensing-and-manufacture-spontaneous?releaseid=708514 Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings, Inc. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25
- ↑ https://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/products/space/hydrazine/index.html IHI Aerospace Co.Ltd. Hydrazine Monopropellant Thrusters. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25
- ↑ https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/engineering/components/lng/index.html Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. LNG Propulsion System. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25
- ↑ Jenkins, Dennis R. (2016). Space Shuttle: Developing an Icon – 1972–2013. Specialty Press. ISBN 978-1-58007-249-6.
- ↑ https://www.space.com/16769-spaceshipone-first-private-spacecraft.html SpaceShipOne: The First Private Spacecraft. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25