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ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ: Засвар хоорондын ялгаа

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(15 дундын хувилбарууд 2 хэрэглэгчид харагдахгүй)
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= ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ =
ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ
<br><br>


== ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ==
ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ
<br><br>


== ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ==
ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ
<br><br>


== ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ==
__TOC__
ᠲᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ
 
 
==ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ==
<br>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!ᠡᠬᠢᠨ
!ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ
!ᠠᠳᠠᠭ
!ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ
!ᠶᠦ᠋ᠨᠢᠺᠣᠳ᠋
!ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|'''ᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭ'''
|-
|ᠠ
|᠊ᠠ᠊
|᠊ᠠ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">a
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1820
|ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
|-
|ᡄ
|᠊ᡄ᠊
|᠊ᡄ᠋᠎
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">e
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1844
|
|-
|ᡅ᠊
|᠊ᡅ᠊
|᠊ᡅ᠋
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">i
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1845
|
|-
|ᡆ
|᠊ᡆ᠊
|᠊ᡆ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">o
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1846
|
|-
|ᡇ᠊
|᠊ᡇ᠊
|᠊ᡇ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">u
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1847
|
|-
|ᡈ
|᠊ᡈ᠊
|᠊ᡈ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">ö
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1848
|
|-
|ᡉ᠊
|᠊ᡉ᠊
|᠊ᡉ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">ü
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1849
|
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|'''ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭ'''
|-
|ᠠᡃ᠊
|᠊ᠠᡃ᠊
|᠊ᠠᡃ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">aa
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; text-align:center;">1820<br>+<br>1843
|
|-
|ᡄᡃ᠊
|᠊ᡄᡃ᠊
|᠊ᡄᡃ᠊
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">ee
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; text-align:center;">1844<br>+<br>1843
|
|-
|ᡅᡕᡅ᠊
|᠊ᡅᡕᡅ᠊
|᠊ᡅᠶ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">ii
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; text-align:center;">1845<br>+<br>1855<br>+<br>(1845)
|
|-
|ᡆᡃ᠊
|᠊ᡆᡃ᠊
|᠊ᡆᡃ᠊
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">oo
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; text-align:center;">1846<br>+<br>1843
|
|-
|ᡆᡇ᠊
|᠊ᡆᡇ᠊
|᠊ᡆᡇ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">uu
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; text-align:center;">1846<br>+<br>1847
|
|-
|ᡈᡃ᠊
|᠊ᡈᡃ᠊
|᠊ᡈᡃ᠊
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">öö
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; text-align:center;">1848<br>+<br>1843
|
|-
|ᡈᡉ᠊
|᠊ᡈᡉ᠊
|᠊ᡈᡉ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">üü
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; text-align:center;">1848<br>+<br>1849
|
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|'''ᠭᠡᠢᠢᠯᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ'''
|-
|ᡋ᠊
|᠊ᡋ᠊
|ᡋ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">b
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">184B
|
|-
|ᡏ᠊
|᠊ᡏ᠊
|ᡏ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">m
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">184F
|
|-
|ᠯ
|᠊ᠯ᠊
|᠊ᠯ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">l
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">182F
|ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
|-
|ᠰ
|᠊ᠰ᠊
|᠊ᠰ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">s
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1830
|ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
|-
|ᠱ
|᠊ᠱ᠊
|᠊ᠱ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">sh
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1831
|ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
|-
|ᠨ
|᠊ᠨ᠊
|᠊ᠨ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">n
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1828
|ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
|-
|ᡍ
|᠊ᡍ᠊
|
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">x
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">184D
|
|-
|ᡎ
|ᡎ
|᠊ᡎ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">q
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">184E
|
|-
|ᡐ
|᠊ᡐ᠊
|᠊ᡐ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">t
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1850
|
|-
|ᡑ
|ᡑ
|ᡑ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">d
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1851
|
|-
|ᡔ
|᠊ᡔ᠊
|᠊ᡔ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">c
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1854
|
|-
|ᡒ
|᠊ᡒ᠊
|᠊ᡒ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">ch
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1852
|
|-
|ᠴ
|ᠴ
|
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">z
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1834
|
|-
|ᡓ
|ᡓ
|
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">j
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1853
|
|-
|ᡕ
|᠊ᡕ
|᠊ᠢ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">y
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1855
|
|-
|ᠷ᠊
|᠊ᠷ᠊
|ᠷ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">r
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1837
|ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
|-
|
|ᡊ᠊
|ᡊ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">ng
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">184A
|
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|'''ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ'''
|-
|ᡌ
|ᡌ
|᠊ᡌ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">p/f
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">184C
|
|-
|ᡙ᠊
|ᡙ
|
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">h
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1859
|
|-
|ᡘ
|ᡘ
|᠊ᡘ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">g
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1858
|
|-
|ᡗ
|ᡗ
|᠊ᡗ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">kh
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1857
|
|-
|ᡚ
|ᡚ
|
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">j
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">185A
|
|-
|ᡛ
|ᡛ
|
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">ñ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">185B
|
|-
|ᡜ
|ᡜ
|
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">dz
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">185C
|
|-
|ᢘ
|ᢘ
|ᢘ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">t
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1898
|
|-
|ᢙ
|ᢙ
|
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">zh
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1899
|
|-
|ᠸ
|᠊ᠸ᠊
|᠊ᠸ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">f
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1838
|
|-
|ᡖ
|ᡖ
|᠊ᡖ
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">w
|<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">1856
|
|}
<br>
==ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ==
<br>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|[[File:Todu Multiling.JPG|200px|center]]
|-
|style = "height: 110px;"|ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ
|}
 
 
 
Unicode ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ U+1800 – U+18AF ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ 1893 - 185C ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1800.pdf Mongolian
Range: 1800–18AF]ᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/05/08</ref>
 
ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠺᠣᠳ᠋ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠌ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠲᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠋᠃ <br>Unicode ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠹᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
 
Android ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ [[ᠮᠦᠯᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠩ 0]] ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 
 
 
 
==ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ==
<br>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|[[File:Runikakaz.JPG|thumb|center]]
|-
|style = "height: 110px;"|ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠮᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠣᠵᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ
|}
 
 
 
 
1635 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠩᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂  ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃
 
ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠮᠴᠣ (1599-1662) ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ 1648 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
 
ᠵᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ 17 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ᠍ᠵᠤᠱᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯ᠂ 19 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠯᠦᠩ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
 
ᠵᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1616 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠵᠤ ᠴᠠᠨᠢᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳᠤ 20 ᠍ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠤᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
 
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 1639 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠡᠮ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃
 
ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠬᠠᠢᠢᠵᠠᠮᠴᠣ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
 
ᠲᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠣᠮᠴᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠪᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ "ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ" ᠍ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠨᠠᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠴᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠲᠦ᠂ ᠠᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
 
ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃
 
ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ 379 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ  ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
 
ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃
 
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ 1650-1662 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ 177 ᠨᠣᠮ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ 37 ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃
 
ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
 
ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠂ ᠬᠣᠪᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠺᠲ-ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠭ᠌ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ-ᠦᠳᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠲᠲᠾᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
 
ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ 1924 ᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
 
ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
 
 
==ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ==
<br>
 
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|style = "height: 110px;"|ᠬᠣᠪᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ
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ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬ ∙ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠪᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
 
ᠬᠣᠪᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ "ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ" ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ‍ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ 1969 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠫᠯᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃
 
ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ 1984 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ (Ph.D) ᠍ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
 
ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠨᠠ᠊.ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠂ ᠪ ∙ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
 
ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<ref>ᠯ ∙ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠃ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ УБ᠃ 2001᠃</ref>
 
 
==ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ==
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