21:05, 13 Наймдугаар сар 2024-ий байдлаарх одоогийн засвар

ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ (ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌᠂ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋) - ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ   ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠢᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃

ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠷᠵᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠯᠳᠣ᠎ᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠪ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠶᠦᠩᠰᠢᠶᠡᠪᠦ ᠪᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ 《ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ》 ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ 1960 -᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠵᠡᠪᠡᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠢᠮ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢᠢᠴᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠶ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠤᠢᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠰᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ‌ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌᠂ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠥᠢᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠶ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ 2 ᠊ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠬᠣᠮᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ 1950- ᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠴᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠰᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠴᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ 1960-᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃^[1] ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠴᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ I ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ I᠂ ᠶᠧᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠨᠠ II᠂ ᠫᠠᠸᠧᠯ I᠂ ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠧᠷ I ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌᠂ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ 1810 ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠻᠠᠸᠻᠠᠽ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨ. ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ 5 ᠷᠦ᠋ᠪᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ 19 ᠊ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠦ᠂ ᠣᠹᠢᠼᠧᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠭᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠨᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃^[2] ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠭᠣᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠤᠯᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠣᠴᠢ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠍ ᠊᠋᠋ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠣᠹᠢᠼᠧᠷ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃^[3] ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠬ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ 《ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠹᠷᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠥᠮᠦᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠢᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠁》^[4] ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠢᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠸᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠥᠷᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃

ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ - ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ
ᠠᠰᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ - ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ
ᠬᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ - ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ
ᠵᠢ ᠊ᠠ᠋ - ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋
ᠣᠨᠵᠠᠪ - ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ
ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ - ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ
ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠴᠢ - ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ
ᠫᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ - ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌
ᠳ᠋ᠢᠠᠭᠷᠠᠮ - ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌
ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ - ᠠᠰᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

↑ https://www.eg.ru/society/67416
↑ Тутолмин С. Н. Дедовщина: ретроспектива. Историко-психологическое исследование // Имперское возрождение. — 2007. — Вып. 12. — № 4
↑ Зайончковский П. А. Самодержавие и русская армия на рубеже XIX—XX столетий: 1881—1903. — М., 1973.
↑ Зардыхан Қинаятұлы. Нулимстай жилүүдийн намтар. УБ 2003

[1] ttps://www.eg.ru/society/67416

[2] Тутолмин С. Н. Дедовщина: ретроспектива. Историко-психологическое исследование // Имперское возрождение. — 2007. — Вып. 12. — № 4

[3] Зайончковский П. А. Самодержавие и русская армия на рубеже XIX—XX столетий: 1881—1903. — М., 1973.

[4] Зардыхан Қинаятұлы. Нулимстай жилүүдийн намтар. УБ 2003

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ 1-р мөр: / 1-р мөр: @@
-{{Garchig}}
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-lr">
-'''ᠳᠢᠭ''' (ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠢᠭ᠂ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋) - ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠲᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠢᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃<br><br>
+'''ᠳᠢᠭ᠌''' (ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌᠂ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋) - ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ   ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠢᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃<br><br>
-=ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ=
+=ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ=
-{{Horizontal}}[[File:Bizutage pilote gazelle.jpg|thumbnail|{{Mongolian}}ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ<br>ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ<br>ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋<br>ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>1000 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ<br>ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>"ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ"]]{{Z}}
+{{Horizontal}}[[File:Bizutage pilote gazelle.jpg|left|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ <br>ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ <br>ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ <br>ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ <br>ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ <br>ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <br>ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <br>1000 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ <br>ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ <br>"ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ"]]{{Z}}
-ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠷᠵᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠯᠳᠣ᠎ᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠪ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠷᠵᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠯᠳᠣ᠎ᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠪ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ  ᠪᠤᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
-ᠮᠥᠨ ᠶᠦᠩᠰᠢᠶᠡᠪᠦ ᠪᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ 《ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋》 ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
+ᠮᠥᠨ ᠶᠦᠩᠰᠢᠶᠡᠪᠦ ᠪᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ 《ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ》 ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
-ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠡᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ 1960 -᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠵᠡᠪᠡᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠢᠮ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠶᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠶ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠰᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ‌ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠢᠭ᠂ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠣᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠃
+ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ 1960 -᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠵᠡᠪᠡᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠢᠮ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢᠢᠴᠢᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ  ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠶ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠤᠢᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠰᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ‌ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌᠂ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠥᠢᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠃
-ᠮᠥᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠶ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠢᠭ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ 2 ᠊ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠬᠣᠮᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ 1950- ᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃
+ᠮᠥᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠶ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ 2 ᠊ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠬᠣᠮᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ 1950- ᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃
 ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠴᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠰᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠴᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠱᠣᠷᠣᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
 ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ 1960-᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ  ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>https://www.eg.ru/society/67416</ref>
-ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠴᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠳᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ I ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃
+ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠴᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ I ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃
-ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ I᠂ ᠶᠧᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠨᠠ II᠂ ᠫᠠᠸᠧᠯ I᠂ ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠧᠷ I ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠢᠭ᠂ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ 1810 ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠻᠠᠸᠻᠠᠽ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨ. ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ 5 ᠷᠦ᠋ᠪᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃
+ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ I᠂ ᠶᠧᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠨᠠ II᠂ ᠫᠠᠸᠧᠯ I᠂ ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠧᠷ I ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌᠂ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ 1810 ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠻᠠᠸᠻᠠᠽ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨ. ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ 5 ᠷᠦ᠋ᠪᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃
 ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ 19 ᠊ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠦ᠂ ᠣᠹᠢᠼᠧᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠭᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠨᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>Тутолмин С. Н. Дедовщина: ретроспектива. Историко-психологическое исследование // Имперское возрождение. — 2007. — Вып. 12. — № 4</ref> ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠭᠣᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠤᠯᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠣᠴᠢ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠍ ᠊᠋᠋ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠣᠹᠢᠼᠧᠷ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>Зайончковский П. А. Самодержавие и русская армия на рубеже XIX—XX столетий: 1881—1903. — М., 1973.</ref>
 ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠬ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ 《ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠹᠷᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠥᠮᠦᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠢᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠁》<ref>Зардыхан Қинаятұлы. Нулимстай жилүүдийн намтар. УБ 2003</ref> ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠷᠣᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠢᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠸᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠥᠷᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃
+<br>
+<br>
-=ᠳᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ=
+=ᠳᠢᠭ᠌ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ=
 {{Horizontal}}[[File:Ontgroening studenten, de groenen duwen de oudere jaars te water, Bestanddeelnr 914-3377.jpg|thumbnail|{{Mongolian}}ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ<br>ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br>ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ<br>ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ<br>ᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ<br>ᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ<br>ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠵᠦ<br>ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋!]]{{Z}}
 * '''ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ''' - ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ
@@ 23-р мөр: / 25-р мөр: @@
 * '''ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ''' - ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ
 * '''ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠴᠢ''' - ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ
-* '''ᠫᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ''' - ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠢᠭ
+* '''ᠫᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ''' - ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌
-* '''ᠳ᠋ᠢᠠᠭᠷᠠᠮ''' - ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠢᠭ
+* '''ᠳ᠋ᠢᠠᠭᠷᠠᠮ''' - ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠢᠭ᠌
 * '''ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋''' - ᠠᠰᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ
 <br>
@@ 32-р мөр: / 34-р мөр: @@
 [[Category:ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ‏‎]]
 [[Category:ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ]]
+<references />