"ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд

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(24 дундын хувилбарууд 2 хэрэглэгчид харагдахгүй)
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{{Garchig}}
<div style = "writing-mode: vertical-lr;">
=ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ=
=ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ=
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Phosphoric-acid-3D-vdW.svg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>{{Horizontal}}3{{Z}} ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ<br>{{Horizontal}}(H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)]]{{Z}}
<b>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ</b> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
<b>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ</b> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
==
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ <ruby>ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷ<rt>indicator</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ <ruby>ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ<rt>litmus</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽ<rt>catalysis</rt></ruby>) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/acid Britannica. Acid (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ <br><br>
{{Horizontal}}<br><br><br><br><br><strong><span style="font-size:170%;">HA = H<sup>+</sup> + A<sup>-</sup></span></strong>{{Z}}<br><br>
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄ <br>
{{Horizontal}}HA{{Z}}  ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂<br>
{{Horizontal}}H<sup>+</sup>{{Z}} ᠨᠢ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂<br>
{{Horizontal}}A<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠍᠃<br>
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ <ruby>ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠴ<rt>dissociation</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ᠃<ref>Stahl PH, Nakamo M (2008). "Pharmaceutical Aspects of the Salt Form". In Stahl PH, Warmth CG (eds.). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-3-906390-58-1</ref><br>
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄<br><br>
{{Horizontal}}<big><big>HCl</big></big>{{Z}} ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ <ruby>ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤ<rt>chlorine</rt></ruby> ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ)᠂
{{Horizontal}}<big><big>H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></big></big>{{Z}} ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂
{{Horizontal}}<big><big>H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub></big></big>{{Z}} <ruby>ᠪᠣᠷ<rt>boron</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠃<br><br>
=ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ=
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Fluorosulfuric_acid_structure.png|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ<br>ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠤ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠃<br>ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ<br>ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠂<br>ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ<br>ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ᠂ <br>ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂<br>ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ<br>ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ<br>{{Horizontal}}(HFSO<sub>3</sub>){{Z}}]]{{Z}}
<br>
{| class="wikitable"
!ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ<br>ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ
!ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ<br>ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ
!ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ<br>ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ
!ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ<br>ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ
!ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋
|-
|{{Horizontal}}per{{Z}} ᠫᠧᠷ
|{{Horizontal}}ate{{Z}} ᠊ᠠᠲ
|{{Horizontal}}per{{Z}} ᠫᠧᠷ
|{{Horizontal}}ic acid{{Z}}<br><br>  ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
|{{Horizontal}}perchloric acid<br>HClO<sub>4</sub>{{Z}}<br>ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
|-
|
|{{Horizontal}}ate{{Z}} ᠊ᠠᠲ
|
|{{Horizontal}}ic acid{{Z}}<br><br> ᠊ᠲᠤ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
|{{Horizontal}}chloric acid<br>HClO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}<br>ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
|-
|
|{{Horizontal}}ite{{Z}} ᠊ᠢᠲ
|
|{{Horizontal}}ous acid{{Z}}<br><br> ᠊ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
|{{Horizontal}}chlorous acid<br>HClO<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}<br>ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}hypo{{Z}} ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋
|{{Horizontal}}ite{{Z}} ᠊ᠢᠲ
|{{Horizontal}}hypo{{Z}} ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋
|{{Horizontal}}ous acid{{Z}}<br><br> ᠊ᠷᠬᠠᠭ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
|{{Horizontal}}hypochlorous acid<br>HClO{{Z}}<br>ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
|-
|
|{{Horizontal}}ide{{Z}} ᠊ᠢᠳ᠋
|{{Horizontal}}hydro{{Z}}<br><br> ᠊ᠲᠤ<br>ᠤᠰᠤ<br>ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}ic acid{{Z}}<br><br> ᠊ᠲᠤ<br>ᠤᠰᠤ<br>ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
|{{Horizontal}}hydrochloric acid<br>HCl{{Z}}<br>ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤ<br>ᠤᠰᠤ<br>ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
|}
<br>
= ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ =
<br>
{| class="wikitable standard"
!ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
!ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋
!ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ
!ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ<br>ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋
|-
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|<ruby>ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋<rt>ortho</rt></ruby> <ruby>ᠪᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}BO<sub>3</sub><sup>3-</sup>
|ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠪᠣᠷᠠᠲ᠋
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ
|{{Horizontal}}CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋<rt>carbonate</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|<ruby>ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ<rt>meta</rt></ruby> ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}SiO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>
|ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ <ruby>ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲ<rt>silicate</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}SiO<sub>4</sub><sup>4-</sup>
|ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HN<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|<ruby>ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠤ<rt>nitrous</rt></ruby> ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}N<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠠᠽᠢᠳ᠋
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HNO<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}
|<ruby>ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ
|{{Horizontal}}NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ᠋<rt>nitrite</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HNO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ᠋
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HPO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ <ruby>ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ<rt>phosphorus</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}PO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ <ruby>ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ<rt>phosphate</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>
|ᠣᠷᠲᠣ᠋ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ
|{{Horizontal}}PO<sub>2</sub><sup>3-</sup>
|ᠾᠢᠫᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ
|{{Horizontal}}PO<sub>3</sub><sup>3-</sup>
|ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HAsO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}AsO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲ<rt>arsenate</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}AsO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>
|ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>2</sub>S{{Z}}
|ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}S<sup>2-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠳ᠋<rt>sulphide</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠢᠢᠪᠲᠦᠷ
|{{Horizontal}}SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>
|ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>
|ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠠᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>2</sub>Se{{Z}}
|<ruby>ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠲᠦ<rt>selenium</rt></ruby> ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}Se<sup>2-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋<rt>selenide</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠲᠡᠢᠢᠪᠲᠦᠷ
|{{Horizontal}}SeO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>
|ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>4</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨ ‍ᠤ
|{{Horizontal}}SeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>
|ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠠᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>2</sub>Te{{Z}}
|<ruby>ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠲᠦ<rt>tellurium</rt></ruby> ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}Te<sup>2-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠳ᠋<rt>telluride</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}H<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠲᠡᠢᠢᠪᠲᠦᠷ
|{{Horizontal}}TeO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>
|ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HF{{Z}}
|ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}F<sup>-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋<rt>fluoride</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HCl{{Z}}
|ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ
|{{Horizontal}}Cl<sup>-</sup>
|ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HClO{{Z}}
|ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ
|{{Horizontal}}ClO<sup>-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋<rt>hypo</rt></ruby> ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HClO<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}
|<ruby>ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ<rt>chlorous</rt></ruby>
|{{Horizontal}}ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HClO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤ
|{{Horizontal}}ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HClO<sub>4</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠫᠧᠷ<rt>per</rt></ruby> ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
|-ᠫᠧᠷ ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
|{{Horizontal}}HBr{{Z}}
|<ruby>ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠲᠤ<rt>bromine</rt></ruby> ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}Br<sup>-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠳ᠋<rt>bromide</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HBrO{{Z}}
|ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ
|{{Horizontal}}BrO<sup>-</sup>
|ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HBrO<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ
|{{Horizontal}}BrO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HBrO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠲᠤ
|{{Horizontal}}BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HBrO<sub>4</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠪᠷᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}BrO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠫᠧᠷᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HI{{Z}}
|<ruby>ᠢᠣᠳ᠌ᠲᠤ<rt>iodine</rt></ruby> ᠣᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}I<sup>-</sup>
|<ruby>ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠳ᠋<rt>iodide</rt></ruby>
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HIO{{Z}}
|ᠢᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ
|{{Horizontal}}IO<sup>-</sup>
|ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HIO<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠢᠣᠳ᠌ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ
|{{Horizontal}}IO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HIO<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠢᠣᠳ᠌ᠲᠤ
|{{Horizontal}}IO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ
|-
|{{Horizontal}}HIO<sub>4</sub>{{Z}}
|ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
|{{Horizontal}}IO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>
|ᠫᠧᠷ ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ
|}
 
* "ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋" ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ
<br>
=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
[[ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ]]
[[ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ]]<br>
[[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]]<br>
[[ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ]]<br>
=ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=
=ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=
{{Horizontal}}
{{Horizontal}}
хүчил<br>
суурь<br>
давс<br>
устөрөгч<br>
ион<br>
анион<br>
acid<br>
base<br>
salt<br>
alkali<br>
hydrogen<br>
ion<br>
anion<br>
dissociation<br>
кислота<br>
основа<br>
соль<br>
щелочь<br>
водород<br>
диссоциация<br>
{{Z}}
{{Z}}
=ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
=ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
{{Horizontal}}
{{Horizontal}}
[[Category:ᠬᠢᠮᠢ‏‎]]

20:41, 1 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2020-ий байдлаарх одоогийн засвар

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
3 ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ
ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ
(H3PO4)

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃[1]
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷindicator ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰlitmus ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽcatalysis) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃[2]
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ






HA = H+ + A-

ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄
HA ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂
H+ ᠨᠢ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂
A- ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠍᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠴdissociation ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ᠃[3]
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄

HCl ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤchlorine ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ)᠂ H2SO4 ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ H3BO3 ᠪᠣᠷboron ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ
ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠤ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠃
ᠰᠢᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ
ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠂
ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ
ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ᠂
ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂
ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ
ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ
(HFSO3)


ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ 		ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ 		ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ 		ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ 		ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋
per ᠫᠧᠷ ate ᠊ᠠᠲ per ᠫᠧᠷ ic acid

ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ 		perchloric acid
HClO4
ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ate ᠊ᠠᠲ ic acid

᠊ᠲᠤ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ 		chloric acid
HClO3
ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ite ᠊ᠢᠲ ous acid

᠊ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ 		chlorous acid
HClO2
ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
hypo ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ite ᠊ᠢᠲ hypo ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ous acid

᠊ᠷᠬᠠᠭ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ 		hypochlorous acid
HClO
ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ide ᠊ᠢᠳ᠋ hydro

᠊ᠲᠤ
ᠤᠰᠤ
ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 		ic acid

᠊ᠲᠤ
ᠤᠰᠤ
ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ 		hydrochloric acid
HCl
ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤ
ᠤᠰᠤ
ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ


ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]


ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ 		ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ 		ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋
H3BO3 ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ortho ᠪᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ BO33- ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠪᠣᠷᠠᠲ᠋
H2CO3 ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ CO32- ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋carbonate
H2SiO3 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠmeta ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ SiO32- ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲsilicate
H4SiO4 ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ SiO44- ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲ
HN3 ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠤnitrous ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ N3- ᠠᠽᠢᠳ᠋
HNO2 ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ NO2- ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ᠋nitrite
HNO3 ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ NO3- ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ᠋
HPO3 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷphosphorus ᠦ᠋ᠨ PO3- ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲphosphate
H3PO4 ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ PO43- ᠣᠷᠲᠣ᠋ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ
H3PO2 ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ PO23- ᠾᠢᠫᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
H3PO3 ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ PO33- ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
HAsO3 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ AsO3- ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲarsenate
H3AsO4 ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ AsO43- ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲ
H2S ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ S2- ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠳ᠋sulphide
H2SO3 ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠢᠢᠪᠲᠦᠷ SO32- ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠲ
H2SO4 ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ SO42- ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠠᠲ
H2Se ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠲᠦselenium ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ Se2- ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋selenide
H2SeO3 ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠲᠡᠢᠢᠪᠲᠦᠷ SeO32- ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠲ
H2SeO4 ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨ ‍ᠤ SeO42- ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠠᠲ
H2Te ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠲᠦtellurium ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ Te2- ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠳ᠋telluride
H2TeO3 ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠲᠡᠢᠢᠪᠲᠦᠷ TeO32- ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ
HF ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ F- ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋fluoride
HCl ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ Cl- ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋
HClO ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ ClO- ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋hypo ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
HClO2 ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷchlorous ClO2- ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
HClO3 ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤ ClO3- ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
HClO4 ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ClO4- ᠫᠧᠷper ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
HBr ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠲᠤbromine ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ Br- ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠳ᠋bromide
HBrO ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ BrO- ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
HBrO2 ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ BrO2- ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
HBrO3 ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠲᠤ BrO3- ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
HBrO4 ᠪᠷᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ BrO4- ᠫᠧᠷᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
HI ᠢᠣᠳ᠌ᠲᠤiodine ᠣᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ I- ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠳ᠋iodide
HIO ᠢᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ IO- ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
HIO2 ᠢᠣᠳ᠌ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ IO2- ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
HIO3 ᠢᠣᠳ᠌ᠲᠤ IO3- ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ
HIO4 ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ IO4- ᠫᠧᠷ ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ
  • "ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋" ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ


ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

хүчил
суурь
давс
устөрөгч
ион
анион
acid
base
salt
alkali
hydrogen
ion
anion
dissociation
кислота
основа
соль
щелочь
водород
диссоциация

ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

  1. ↑ Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18
  2. ↑ Britannica. Acid (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18
  3. ↑ Stahl PH, Nakamo M (2008). "Pharmaceutical Aspects of the Salt Form". In Stahl PH, Warmth CG (eds.). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-3-906390-58-1
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