09:38, 14 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2020-ий байдлаарх одоогийн засвар

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠣᠨ᠎cation᠎ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎anion᠎ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠢ H⁺ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠠᠨ᠎᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠢ OH^– ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃^[1]
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃^[2]᠄

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ + ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ → ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ + ᠤᠰᠤ

ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋᠄ NaCl᠂ CuCl₂᠃

ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠯᠢᠲelectrolyte ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃^[3]

ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠵᠡᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋
CuCl₂ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ
ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
3
ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ
ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢsodium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶammonium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋chloride᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄

ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ NH₄⁺

ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢcalcium Ca²⁺

ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ Fe²⁺
ᠪᠠ
Fe³⁺

ᠮᠠᠭᠨᠢmagnesium
Mg²⁺

ᠻᠠᠯᠢpotassium K⁺

ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠨᠢpyridinium C₅H₅NH⁺

ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶquaternary ammonium NR₄²⁺

᠂

R

ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠻᠢᠯalkyl ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯaryl ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ

ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ Na⁺

ᠵᠡᠰ Cu²⁺

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ (ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ)᠄

ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲacetate CH₃COO⁻ (ᠴᠤᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲcarbonate CO₃²⁻ (ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋chloride Cl⁻ (ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠼᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲcitrate HOC(COO⁻)(CH₂COO⁻)₂ (ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠼᠢᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠋cyanide C≡N⁻ (ᠰᠢᠨᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳfluoride F⁻ (hydrofluoric ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲnitrate NO₃^- (ᠱᠡᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲnitrite NO₂^- (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠢᠰᠦᠯ O^2-

ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲphosphate PO₄^3- (ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠠᠲsulfate SO₄^2- (ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

давс
хүчил
суурь
саармагжуулах урвал
анион
катион
salt
acid
base
reaction of neutralisation
anion
cation
соль
кислота
основание
реакция нейтрализации

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

[1] The Learning App Byju's. Salt chemistry. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22

[2] Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22

[3] Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ 1-р мөр: / 1-р мөр: @@
-{{Garchig}}
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-lr">
 =ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ=
-ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/salts-types-hydrolysis The Learning App Byju's. Salt chemistry. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref><br>
+{{Horizontal}}[[File:Salze Natriumchloridgitter Kugeln.svg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ<br>ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ<br>{{Horizontal}}NaCl{{Z}} ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ]]{{Z}}<br><br>
-ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br>
+ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠣᠨ᠎<rt>cation</rt></ruby>᠎ ([[ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ]]) ᠪᠠ <ruby>ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎<rt>anion</rt></ruby>᠎ ([[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<br>
-ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/salt-acid-base-reactions Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref><br>
+ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠢ {{Horizontal}}<i>H<sup>+</sup></i>{{Z}} ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠠᠨ᠎᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠢ {{Horizontal}}<i>OH<sup>–</sup></i>{{Z}} ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/salts-types-hydrolysis The Learning App Byju's. Salt chemistry. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref><br>
+ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br>
+ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/salt-acid-base-reactions Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref>᠄<br>
+<dd><b>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ + ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ → ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ + ᠤᠰᠤ</b></dd><br>
+ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋᠄  {{Horizontal}}<i>NaCl</i>{{Z}}᠂ {{Horizontal}}<i>CuCl<sub>2</sub></i>{{Z}}᠃ <br><br>
+ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ <ruby>ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠯᠢᠲ<rt>electrolyte</rt></ruby> ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/salt-acid-base-reactions Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref>
+<br><br>
+=ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ=
+{{Horizontal}}[[File:Tolbachite-3D-balls.png|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠵᠡᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋<br>{{Horizontal}}CuCl<sub>2</sub>{{Z}} ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ<br>ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>{{Horizontal}}3{{Z}}<br>ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ]]{{Z}}
+ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ <ruby>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ<rt>sodium</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠂ <ruby>ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ<rt>ammonium</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ <ruby>ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋<rt>chloride</rt></ruby>᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃ <br>
+ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<br><br>
+ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄<br>
+<dd><ruby>ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ {{Horizontal}}NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br>
+<dd><ruby>ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢ<rt>calcium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}Ca<sup>2+</sup>{{Z}}<br>
+<dd>ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ {{Horizontal}}Fe<sup>2+</sup><br>{{Mongolian}}ᠪᠠ{{Z}}<br>Fe<sup>3+</sup>{{Z}}<br>
+<dd><ruby>ᠮᠠᠭᠨᠢ<rt>magnesium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}<br>Mg<sup>2+</sup>{{Z}}<br>
+<dd><ruby>ᠻᠠᠯᠢ<rt>potassium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}K<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br>
+<dd><ruby>ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠨᠢ<rt>pyridinium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NH<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br>
+<dd><ruby>ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ<rt>quaternary ammonium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NR<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup><p style="text-align:center;">᠂<p style="text-align:center;">R</p>{{Z}}ᠨᠢ <ruby>ᠠᠯᠻᠢᠯ<rt>alkyl</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ <ruby>ᠠᠷᠢᠯ<rt>aryl</rt></ruby> ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ<br>
+<dd>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ {{Horizontal}}Na<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br>
+<dd>ᠵᠡᠰ {{Horizontal}}Cu<sup>2+</sup>{{Z}}</dd><br><br>
+ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ (ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ)᠄<br>
+<dd><ruby>ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ<rt>acetate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (ᠴᠤᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ<rt>carbonate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>{{Z}} (ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋<rt>chloride</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}Cl<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠼᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ<rt>citrate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}HOC(COO<sup>−</sup>)(CH<sub>2</sub>COO<sup>−</sup>)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}} (ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠼᠢᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠋<rt>cyanide</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}C≡N<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (ᠰᠢᠨᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ<rt>fluoride</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}F<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (hydrofluoric ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ<rt>nitrate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠱᠡᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ<rt>nitrite</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd>ᠢᠰᠦᠯ {{Horizontal}}O<sup>2-</sup>{{Z}}
+<dd><ruby>ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ<rt>phosphate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)
+<dd><ruby>ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠠᠲ<rt>sulfate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)</dd><br>
+<br>
-==
 =ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
 [[ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ]]<br>
 [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]<br>
 [[ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ]]<br>
+<br>
 =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=
 {{Horizontal}}
 давс<br>
+хүчил<br>
+суурь<br>
+саармагжуулах урвал<br>
+анион<br>
+катион<br>
+salt<br>
+acid<br>
+base<br>
+reaction of neutralisation<br>
+anion<br>
+cation<br>
+соль<br>
+кислота<br>
+основание<br>
+реакция нейтрализации<br>
 {{Z}}
+<br>
 =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
 {{Horizontal}}
+[[Category:ᠬᠢᠮᠢ‏‎]]