ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ: Засвар хоорондын ялгаа
Edit |
Link |
||
| (28 завсрын хувилбар ижил хэрэглэгч харагдахгүй байна) | |||
| 6-р мөр: | 6-р мөр: | ||
|style = "height: 90px;"|ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ | |style = "height: 90px;"|ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br>ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ<sup>Интеркосмос</sup> ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ | <br>ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ<sup>Интеркосмос</sup> ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ [[ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ|ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ]] ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃<ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref> | ||
ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ<sup>academy</sup> ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡ 1966 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<ref>[http://sovet.cosmos.ru/sites/default/files/history/2_14.pdf Создание Совета по международному сотрудничеству в области исследования и использования космического пространства в мирных целях при АН СССР (Совет «Интеркосмос»)]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/27</ref> | ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ<sup>academy</sup> ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡ 1966 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<ref>[http://sovet.cosmos.ru/sites/default/files/history/2_14.pdf Создание Совета по международному сотрудничеству в области исследования и использования космического пространства в мирных целях при АН СССР (Совет «Интеркосмос»)]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/27</ref> | ||
| 18-р мөр: | 18-р мөр: | ||
ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠻᠦᠪᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠫᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋᠂ ᠴᠧᠻᠣᠰᠯᠣᠸᠠᠻ᠂ ᠷᠦᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠾᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠻᠦᠪᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠫᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋᠂ ᠴᠧᠻᠣᠰᠯᠣᠸᠠᠻ᠂ ᠷᠦᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠾᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ | ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ | ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ [[ᠮᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠶ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ|ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ]] ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃<ref name=":0" /><br> | ||
ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ | ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ [[ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ|ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ]] ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃<br> | ||
ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-1 ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ 1969 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 14 ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃<ref name=":0" /><br> | ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-1 ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ 1969 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 14 ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃<ref name=":0" /><br> | ||
ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ᠂ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ - ᠲᠡᠻᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-6᠂ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-16 ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>[http://nsse2018.ac.mn/uploads/papers/1570593240BUTEEL_20_3.pdf Д.Батмөнх, | ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ᠂ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ - ᠲᠡᠻᠨᠢᠻ<sup>physic-technic</sup> ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-6᠂ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-16 ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref name=":16">[http://nsse2018.ac.mn/uploads/papers/1570593240BUTEEL_20_3.pdf Д.Батмөнх, | ||
С.Ваша, Ч.Лхагважав, С.Н.Опарин. Излучение | С.Ваша, Ч.Лхагважав, С.Н.Опарин. Излучение He-подобного иона МэXI солнца в диапазоне 𝝀𝛌9, 15 ÷ 9, 32. ШУА. Физик-Техникийн Хүрээлэн. 1981 №20]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/27</ref><br> | ||
ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ - ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ 1981 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 22 - 30 ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-39<sup>Союз-39</sup> ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ | ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ - ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ 1981 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 22 - 30 ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-39<sup>Союз-39</sup> ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ | ||
ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-39 ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ<sup>Салют</sup> ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ<sup>station</sup> | ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-39 ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ<sup>Салют</sup> ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ<sup>station</sup> ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠵᠠᠨᠢᠪᠧᠻᠣᠹ<sup>Владимир Жанибеков</sup>᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠦᠭᠳᠦᠷᠳᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠷᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ||
ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ | |||
ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠰᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠦᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br><br> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
|[[File:Soyuz_18_booster.jpg|thumb|center]] | |||
|style = "height: 90px;"|ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢ [[ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ|ᠵᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ]] | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
| 42-р мөр: | 45-р мөр: | ||
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ 1970-᠊ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠱᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠯᠢ<sup>Shuttle</sup> ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ NASA ᠪᠠ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠢ ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ 1970-᠊ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠱᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠯᠢ<sup>Shuttle</sup> ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ NASA ᠪᠠ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠢ ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ||
ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 1980-᠊ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠠᠨ<sup>Буран</sup> ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ | ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 1980-᠊ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠠᠨ<sup>Буран</sup> ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mir_Hardware_Heritage/Part_2_-_Almaz,_Salyut,_and_Mir#2.1.6_Shuttle-Salyut_.281973-1978.3B_1980s.29 Mir Hardware Heritage/Part 2 - Almaz, Salyut, and Mir]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/27</ref> | ||
ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ 1990-᠊ᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠱᠠᠲ᠋ᠲᠯᠢ - ᠮᠢᠷ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ||
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠥᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠥᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ||
| 51-р мөр: | 54-р мөр: | ||
==ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ== | ==ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ== | ||
<br> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
|[[File:Intercosmos 1 2.jpg|thumb|center]] | |||
|style = "height: 90px;"|ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ <br> | |||
ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| 59-р мөр: | 71-р мөр: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-1 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-1 | ||
|ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ | |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ [[Цахилгаан соронзон долгионы хуваарь|ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ]] ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ||
|1969/10/14 | |1969/10/14 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |ᠸᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠻᠠᠯ-1<sup>Вертикаль-1</sup> | ||
|ᠠᠭᠠᠷ | |ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠢᠣᠨ<sup>ion</sup> ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ | ||
|1970/11/28 | |1970/11/28 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |ᠸᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠻᠠᠯ-2 | ||
|ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ | |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠷᠥᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠭᠧᠨ<sup>Röntgen</sup> ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ | ||
|1971/08/20 | |1971/08/20 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-6 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-6 | ||
|ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ | |ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ | ||
|1972/04/07 | |1972/04/07 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-9 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-9 | ||
|ᠢᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠫᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠴᠤᠰ-500 ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠃ 200-1550 km ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ | |ᠢᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠫᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠣᠫᠧᠷᠨᠢᠴᠤᠰ-500<sup>Copernicus</sup> ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠃ 200-1550 km ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ | ||
|1973/04/04 | |1973/04/04 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 82-р мөр: | 94-р мөр: | ||
|1975/06/03 | |1975/06/03 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |ᠸᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠻᠠᠯ-3 | ||
|ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ | |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠷᠥᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ | ||
|1975/09/02 | |1975/09/02 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-15 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-15 | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ | ||
|1976/06/19 | |1976/06/19 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-16 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-16 | ||
|ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ | |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ||
|1976/07/27 | |1976/07/27 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠸᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠻᠠᠯ-5 | |ᠸᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠻᠠᠯ-5 | ||
|ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ | |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠷᠥᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ | ||
|1977/08/30 | |1977/08/30 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-17 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-17 | ||
|ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ | |ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ <sup>energy</sup> ᠲᠡᠢ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ [[ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ|ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ]]᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ | ||
|1977/09/24 | |1977/09/24 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 107-р мөр: | 119-р мөр: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-18 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-18 | ||
|ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠤ | |ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ [[ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠦ᠋ᠭ᠌ᠼ|ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨᠲᠤ]] ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠴᠧᠻᠣᠰᠯᠣᠸᠠᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠢᠣᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-18 ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠴᠧᠻᠣᠰᠯᠣᠸᠠᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠢᠣᠨ<ref>Magion</ref> ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-18 ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ||
|1978/10/24 | |1978/10/24 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 116-р мөр: | 128-р мөр: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-19 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-19 | ||
|ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ | |ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ [[ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠦ᠋ᠭ᠌ᠼ|ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ]] ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ||
|1979/02/27 | |1979/02/27 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠸᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠻᠠᠯ-8 | |ᠸᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠻᠠᠯ-8 | ||
|ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ | |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠷᠥᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ | ||
|1979/09/26 | |1979/09/26 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-20 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-20 | ||
|ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ | |ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ | ||
|1979/11/01 | |1979/11/01 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-21 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-21 | ||
|ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ | |ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ | ||
|1981/02/06 | |1981/02/06 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-22 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-22 | ||
|ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠤ | |ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
|1981/08/07 | |1981/08/07 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠸᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠻᠠᠯ-9 | |ᠸᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠻᠠᠯ-9 | ||
|ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ | |ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠷᠥᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ | ||
|1981/08/28 | |1981/08/28 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 144-р мөр: | 156-р мөр: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-24 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-24 | ||
|ᠴᠧᠻᠣᠰᠯᠣᠸᠠᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠢᠣᠨ-2 ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ | |ᠴᠧᠻᠣᠰᠯᠣᠸᠠᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠢᠣᠨ-2 ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠰᠮᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ<sup>plasma</sup> ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠣ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠸᠢᠲ᠋ᠢ<sup>Activity</sup> ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ | ||
|1989/09/28 | |1989/09/28 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-25 | |ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-25 | ||
|ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ<sup>electron</sup> ᠪᠠ ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠰᠮᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ | |ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ<sup>electron</sup> ᠪᠠ ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠰᠮᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ||
|1991/12/18 | |1991/12/18 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 155-р мөр: | 167-р мөр: | ||
|1994/03/02 | |1994/03/02 | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br><br> | <br> | ||
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠌᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-6᠂ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠌᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ-16 ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ <br> | |||
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠷᠥᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠭᠧᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠭ᠌ᠨᠢ<sup>magnesium</sup> ᠢᠢᠨ He ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref name=":16"/><br> | |||
<br> | |||
==ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠳ== | ==ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠳ== | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
|[[File:Socialist Mongolia Suit of Mongolian Cosmonaut.jpg|thumb|center]] | |||
|style = "height: 90px;"|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠲᠦᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠦᠯᠴᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ <br> | |||
<br> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- bgcolor="#cccccc" | |- bgcolor="#cccccc" | ||
| 166-р мөр: | 187-р мөр: | ||
!ᠣᠩᠨᠠᠭᠠ | !ᠣᠩᠨᠠᠭᠠ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-28 | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-28<br>[[File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg|40px]] | ||
|ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠧᠢ ᠭᠤᠪᠠᠷᠧᠹ<ref>Алексей Губарев</ref>᠂ <br>ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠷᠧᠮᠧᠻ<ref>Vladimír Remek</ref> | |||
ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠷᠧᠮᠧᠻ | |ᠨᠢᠻᠣᠯᠠᠢ ᠷᠦᠻᠠᠣᠢᠱᠨᠢᠻᠣᠹ<ref name=":3" />᠂ <br>ᠣᠯᠲᠷᠢᠻ ᠫᠧᠯᠴᠠᠻ<ref>Oldřich Pelčák</ref> | ||
| | |ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠰᠲ ᠴᠧᠻᠣᠰᠯᠣᠸᠠᠻ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ||
|ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-6 | |||
|1978 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 03 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 02 | |1978 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 03 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 02 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-30 | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-30<br>[[File:Flag_of_Poland.svg|40px]] | ||
|ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠻᠯᠢᠮᠦ᠋ᠻ<ref>Виктор Климук</ref>᠂ <br>ᠮᠢᠷᠣᠰᠯᠠᠹ ᠾᠧᠷᠮᠠᠱᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ<ref>Mirosław Hermaszewski</ref> | |||
|ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠷᠢ ᠻᠦᠪᠠᠰᠣᠹ<ref name=":4" />᠂ <br>ᠽᠧᠨᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠨ᠍ᠻᠣᠹᠰᠻᠢ<ref>Zenon Jankowski</ref> | |||
ᠮᠢᠷᠣᠰᠯᠠᠹ | |ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠫᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ||
| | |ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-6 | ||
ᠽᠧᠨᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠨ᠍ᠻᠣᠹᠰᠻᠢ | |||
|1978 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 06 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 27 | |1978 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 06 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 27 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-31 | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-31<br>[[File:Flag_of_East_Germany.svg|40px]] | ||
| | |ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠢᠻᠣᠹᠰᠻᠢ<ref name=":8">Валерий Быковский</ref>᠂ <br>ᠰᠢᠭ᠌᠊ᠮᠦ᠋ᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠶᠠᠾᠨ<ref>Sigmund Jähn</ref> | ||
| | |ᠸᠢᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠭᠣᠷᠪᠠᠲ᠋ᠻᠣ<ref name=":5" />᠂ <br>ᠧᠪᠧᠷᠾᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠻᠥᠯᠯᠨᠧᠷ<ref>Eberhard Köllner</ref> | ||
|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | |||
|ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-6 | |||
|1978 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 08 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 26 | |1978 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 08 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 26 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-33 | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-33<br>[[File:Flag_of_Bulgaria_(1971–1990).svg|40px]] | ||
| | |ᠨᠢᠻᠣᠯᠠᠢ ᠷᠦᠻᠠᠸᠢᠱᠨᠢᠻᠣᠹ<ref name=":3">Николай Рукавишников</ref>᠂ <br>ᠭᠧᠣᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠸᠠᠨᠣᠹ<ref>Георгий Иванов</ref> | ||
| | |ᠶᠦᠷᠢ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨᠧᠨ᠍ᠻᠣ<ref name=":6">Юрий Романенко</ref>᠂ <br>ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷᠣᠹ<ref name=":9">Александр Александров</ref> | ||
|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | |||
|ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-6 <small><small>(ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ)</small></small> | |||
|1979 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 04 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 10 | |1979 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 04 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 10 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-36 | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-36<br>[[File:Flag_of_Hungary.svg|50px]] | ||
| | |ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠷᠢ ᠻᠦᠪᠠᠰᠣᠹ<ref name=":4">Валерий Кубасов</ref>᠂ <br>ᠪᠧᠷᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠹᠠᠷᠻᠠᠱ<ref>Bertalan Farkas</ref> | ||
| | |ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠵᠠᠨᠢᠪᠧᠻᠣᠹ<ref name=":1" />᠂ <br>ᠪᠧᠯᠠ ᠮᠠᠵᠠᠷᠢ<ref>Béla Magyari</ref> | ||
|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠾᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | |||
|ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-6 | |||
|1980 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 05 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 26 | |1980 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 05 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 26 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-37 | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-37<br>[[File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg|40px]] | ||
| | |ᠸᠢᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠭᠣᠷᠪᠠᠲ᠋ᠻᠣ<ref name=":5">Виктор Горбатко</ref>᠂ <br>ᠫᠾᠠᠮ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠠᠨ<ref>Pham Tuân</ref> | ||
| | |ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠢᠻᠣᠹᠰᠻᠢ<ref name=":8" />᠂ <br>ᠪᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠶᠧᠮ<ref>Bui Thanh Liem</ref> | ||
|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠰᠲ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | |||
|ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-6 | |||
|1980 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 07 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 23 | |1980 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 07 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 23 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-38 | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-38<br>[[File:Flag_of_Cuba.svg|50px]] | ||
| | |ᠶᠦᠷᠢ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨᠧᠨ᠍ᠻᠣ<ref name=":6" />᠂ <br>ᠠᠷᠮᠠᠨᠳᠣ ᠮᠧᠨ᠍ᠳᠧᠽ<ref>Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez</ref> | ||
|ᠶᠧᠸᠭᠧᠨᠢ ᠾᠷᠦ᠋ᠨᠣᠹ<ref>Евгений Хрунов</ref>᠂ <br>ᠵᠣᠰᠧ ᠹᠠᠯᠻᠣᠨ<ref>José Armando López Falcón</ref> | |||
|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠻᠦᠪᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | |||
|ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-6 | |||
|1980 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 09 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 18 | |1980 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 09 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 18 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-39 | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-39<br>[[File:Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People's_Republic_(1945–1992).svg|50px]] | ||
| | |ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠵᠠᠨᠢᠪᠧᠻᠣᠹ<ref name=":1">Владимир Джанибеков</ref>᠂ <br>ᠵᠦᠭᠳᠦᠷᠳᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠷᠠᠭᠴᠠ | ||
| | |ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠯᠶᠠᠾᠣᠹ<ref name=":7" >Владимир Ляхов</ref>᠂ <br>ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠩᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ | ||
|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | |||
|ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-6 | |||
|1981 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 03 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 23 | |1981 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 03 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 23 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-40 | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ-40<br>[[File:Flag_of_Romania_(1965–1989).svg|40px]] | ||
|ᠯᠧᠣᠨᠢᠳ᠋ ᠫᠣᠫᠣᠹ<ref>Леонид Попов</ref>᠂ <br>ᠳ᠋ᠦᠮᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠦ ᠫᠷᠦ᠋ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠦ<ref>Dumitru Prunariu</ref> | |||
ᠳ᠋ᠦᠮᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠦ ᠫᠷᠦ᠋ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠦ | |ᠶᠦᠷᠢ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨᠧᠨ᠍ᠻᠣ<ref name=":6" />᠂ <br>ᠳ᠋ᠦᠮᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠳᠢᠶᠦ<ref>Dumitru Dediu</ref> | ||
| | |ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠰᠲ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ||
|ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-6 | |||
|1981 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 05 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 14 | |1981 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 05 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 14 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ ᠲ-6<br>[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|40px]] | ||
| | |ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠵᠠᠨᠢᠪᠧᠻᠣᠹ<ref name=":1" />᠂ <br>ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠢᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠴᠧᠨ᠍ᠻᠣᠹ<ref>Александр Иванченков</ref>᠂ <br>ᠿᠧᠠᠨ ᠯᠣᠦ᠋ᠫ ᠻᠷᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠶᠧᠨ<ref name=":15">Jean-Loup Chrétien</ref> | ||
|ᠯᠧᠣᠨᠢᠳ᠋ ᠻᠢᠽᠢᠮ<ref>Леонид Кизим</ref>᠂ <br>ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠸᠢᠶᠣᠹ<ref>Владимир Соловьёв</ref>᠂ <br>ᠫᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠻ ᠪᠠᠦ᠋ᠲᠷᠢ<ref>Patrick Baudry</ref> | |||
ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ | |ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ||
|ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-7 | |||
ᠫᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠻ ᠪᠠᠦ᠋ᠲᠷᠢ | |||
|1982 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 06 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 24 | |1982 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 06 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 24 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ ᠲ-11<br>[[File:Flag_of_India.svg|40px]] | ||
|ᠶᠦᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠢᠱᠧᠹ<ref>Юрий Малышев</ref>᠂ <br>ᠭᠧᠩᠨᠠᠳᠢ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠧᠻᠠᠯᠣᠹ<ref>Геннадий Стрекалов</ref>᠂ <br>ᠷᠠᠻᠧᠱ ᠱᠠᠷᠮᠠ<ref>Rakesh Sharma</ref> | |||
ᠭᠧᠩᠨᠠᠳᠢ | |ᠠᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠧᠷᠧᠽᠣᠸᠣᠢ<ref>Анатолий Березовой</ref>᠂ <br>ᠭᠧᠣᠷᠭᠢ ᠭᠷᠧᠴᠻᠣ<ref>Георгий Гречко</ref>᠂ <br>ᠷᠠᠸᠢᠱ ᠮᠠᠯᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠷᠠ<ref>Ravish Malhotra</ref> | ||
|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | |||
|ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-7 | |||
|1984 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 04 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 02 | |1984 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 04 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 02 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ ᠲᠮ-3<br>[[File:Flag_of_Syria.svg|40px]] | ||
| | |ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠸᠢᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠧᠨ᠍ᠻᠣ<ref name=":12">Александр Викторенко</ref>᠂ <br>ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷᠣᠹ<ref>Александр Александров</ref>᠂ <br>ᠮᠦᠾᠠᠮᠮᠧᠳ᠋ ᠹᠠᠷᠢᠰ<ref>Muhammed Faris</ref> | ||
ᠮᠦᠾᠠᠮᠮᠧᠳ᠋ ᠹᠠᠷᠢᠰ | |ᠮᠦᠨᠢᠷ ᠾᠠᠪᠢᠪ<ref>Munir Habib</ref> | ||
|ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | |||
|<div style="margin-top: 2vh;">ᠮᠢᠷ | |||
| | |||
|1987 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 07 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 22 | |1987 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 07 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 22 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ ᠲᠮ-5<br>[[File:Flag_of_Bulgaria_(1971–1990).svg|40px]] | ||
|ᠠᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠸᠢᠣᠹ<ref>Анатолий Соловьёв</ref>᠂ <br>ᠸᠢᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠰᠠᠸᠢᠨᠢᠾ<ref>Виктор Савиных</ref>᠂ <br>ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷᠣᠹ<ref name=":9" /> | |||
ᠸᠢᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ | |ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠯᠶᠠᠾᠣᠹ<ref name=":7" />᠂ <br>ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠰᠧᠷᠧᠪᠷᠣᠹ<ref>Александр Серебров</ref>᠂ <br>ᠻᠷᠠᠰᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠰᠲᠣᠶᠠᠨᠣᠹ<ref>Красимир Стоянов</ref> | ||
| | |ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ||
|<div style="margin-top: 2vh;">ᠮᠢᠷ | |||
| | |||
|1988 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 06 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 07 | |1988 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 06 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 07 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ ᠲᠮ-6<br>[[File:Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1987–1992).svg|50px]] | ||
||ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ | ||ᠸᠯᠠᠳᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠯᠶᠠᠾᠣᠹ<ref name=":7" />᠂ <br>ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠷᠢ ᠫᠣᠯᠶᠠᠻᠣᠹ<ref>Валерий Поляков</ref>᠂ <br>ᠠᠪᠳᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠮᠣᠾᠮᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋<ref>Abdul Mohmand</ref> | ||
|ᠮᠣᠾᠠᠮᠮᠠᠳ᠋ ᠮᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠮ<ref>Mohammad Masum</ref> | |||
|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠹᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | |||
| | |<div style="margin-top: 2vh;">ᠮᠢᠷ | ||
|1988 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 08 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 29 | |1988 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 08 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 29 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ ᠲᠮ-7<br>[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|40px]] | ||
| | |ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠸᠣᠯᠻᠣᠹ<ref name=":13">Александр Волков</ref>᠂ <br>ᠰᠧᠷᠭᠧᠢ ᠻᠷᠢᠻᠠᠯᠶᠣᠹ<ref name=":2">Сергей Крикалёв</ref>᠂ <br>ᠿᠧᠠᠨ ᠯᠣᠦ᠋ᠫ ᠻᠷᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠶᠧᠨ<ref name=":15"/> | ||
ᠰᠧᠷᠭᠧᠢ | |ᠮᠢᠱᠧᠯ ᠲᠣᠭ᠌ᠨᠢᠨᠢ<ref>Michel Tognini</ref> | ||
|ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | |||
ᠿᠧᠠᠨ ᠯᠣᠦ᠋ᠫ ᠻᠷᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠶᠧᠨ | |<div style="margin-top: 2vh;">ᠮᠢᠷ | ||
| | |||
|1988 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 11 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 26 | |1988 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 11 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 26 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ ᠲᠮ-11<br>[[File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|40px]] | ||
| | |ᠸᠢᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠠᠹᠠᠨᠠᠰᠢᠶᠧᠹ<ref>Виктор Афанасьев</ref>᠂ <br>ᠮᠦᠰᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠷᠣᠹ<ref>Муса Манаров</ref>᠂ <br>ᠲᠣᠶᠣᠬᠢᠷᠣ᠋ ᠠᠻᠢᠶᠠᠮᠠ<ref>Toyohiro Akiyama</ref> | ||
ᠮᠦᠰᠠ | |ᠠᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠼᠧᠪᠠᠷᠰᠻᠢ<ref name=":11" >Анатолий Арцебарский</ref>᠂ <br>ᠰᠧᠷᠭᠧᠢ ᠻᠷᠢᠻᠠᠯᠶᠣᠹ<ref name=":2"/>᠂ <br>ᠷᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠻᠣ ᠻᠢᠻᠦ᠋ᠴᠢ<ref>Ryoko Kikuchi</ref> | ||
| | |ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ||
|<div style="margin-top: 2vh;">ᠮᠢᠷ | |||
| | |||
|1990 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 02 | |1990 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 02 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ ᠲᠮ-12<br>[[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|40px]] | ||
| | |ᠠᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠼᠧᠪᠠᠷᠰᠻᠢ<ref name=":11" />᠂ <br>ᠰᠧᠷᠭᠧᠢ ᠻᠷᠢᠻᠠᠯᠶᠣᠹ<ref name=":2" />᠂ <br>ᠾᠧᠯᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠷᠮᠠᠨ<ref>Helen Sharman</ref> | ||
| | |ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠸᠣᠯᠻᠣᠹ<ref name=":13"/>᠂ <br>ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠻᠠᠯᠧᠷᠢ<ref>Александр Калери</ref>᠂ <br>ᠲᠢᠮᠣᠲᠾᠢ ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠰ<ref>Timothy Mace</ref> | ||
ᠲᠢᠮᠣᠲᠾᠢ ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠰ | |ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠷᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ||
|<div style="margin-top: 2vh;">ᠮᠢᠷ | |||
| | |||
|1991 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 05 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 18 | |1991 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 05 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 18 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|50px]]<br>ᠰᠣᠶᠦ᠋ᠽ ᠲᠮ-13<br>[[File:Flag_of_Austria.svg|40px]] | ||
|ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ | |ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠸᠣᠯᠻᠣᠹ<ref name=":13"/>᠂ <br>ᠲᠣᠻᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠻᠢᠷᠣᠹ<ref>Токтар Аубакиров</ref>᠂ <br>ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠾᠪᠥᠻ<ref>Franz Viehböck</ref> | ||
| | |ᠠᠯᠧᠻᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷ ᠸᠢᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠧᠨ᠍ᠻᠣ<ref name=":12" />᠂ <br>ᠲᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲ ᠮᠦᠰᠠᠪᠠᠶᠧᠹ<ref>Талгат Мусабаев</ref>᠂ <br>ᠻ᠊ᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠍ᠰ ᠯᠣᠲ᠋ᠾᠠᠯᠯᠧᠷ<ref>Clemens Lothaller</ref> | ||
ᠲᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲ | |ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ||
|<div style="margin-top: 2vh;">ᠮᠢᠷ | |||
| | |||
|1991 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 02 | |1991 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 02 | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ <b>ᠳᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ</b><sup>detector</sup> ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <br> | |||
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ “ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋” (“Излучение”) ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <br> | |||
ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ <b>ᠫᠣᠯᠠᠷᠢᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ</b><sup>polarimeter</sup> ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <br> | |||
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ “ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ” (“Поляризация”) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <br> | |||
ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ВПА-1М, ВПА-2, УСП-2, ДП-1, ДП-2 ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<ref>[http://www.sansar81.mn/index.php?pid=9 ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠤᠳ]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/31</ref> <br> | |||
<br> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
|[[File:Салют-6.png|thumb|center]] | |||
|style = "height: 90px;"|ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠰᠠᠯᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ-6 | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ 36 ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<br> | |||
ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ 4 ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄ | |||
1) ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ-ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠢᠻ<sup>physic-technic</sup><br> | |||
2) ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ<sup>technology</sup><br> | |||
3) ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ-ᠪᠢᠣᠯᠥᠭᠢ<sup>biology</sup><br> | |||
4) ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠭᠡᠴᠡ<ref>[https://ikon.mn/n/25v1 ᠴ᠂ ᠠᠳᠢᠶᠠᠰᠦᠷᠦᠩ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠴᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃ 2021/03/21]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/31</ref><br> | |||
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄<br> | |||
ᠪᠢᠣᠷᠢᠲ᠋ᠾᠮ<sup>Биоритм</sup><br> | |||
ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋ <br> | |||
ᠨᠧᠫᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠨ<sup>Нептун</sup><br> | |||
ᠸᠣᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠨᠢᠻ<sup>Воротник</sup><br> | |||
ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ <br> | |||
ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠲᠦ <br> | |||
ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠰᠲ<sup>Контраст</sup><br> | |||
ᠠᠲᠮᠣᠰᠫᠾᠡᠷᠠ<sup>Атмосфера</sup><br> | |||
[[ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ]]<br> | |||
ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭ ᠠ᠋ <br> | |||
ᠪᠢᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷᠠ-ᠮᠣᠨ<sup>Биосфера-Мон</sup><br> | |||
ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ <br> | |||
<br> | |||
==ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠥᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ== | |||
ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ - spacecraft - космический корабль <br> | |||
ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ - satellite - искусственный спутник <br> | |||
ᠵᠥᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ - launch vehicle - ракета-носитель <br> | |||
ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ - orbit - орбита <br> | |||
ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ - space flight - космический полет <br> | |||
ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ - space station - орбитальная станция <br> | |||
ᠢᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ - ionosphere - ионосфера <br> | |||
ᠰᠥᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ - magnetosphere - магнитосфера <br> | |||
ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ - ultraviolet ray - ультрафиолетовый луч <br> | |||
ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ - short waves - короткие волны <br> | |||
ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ - cosmic radiation - космические лучи <br> | |||
ᠷᠥᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ - X-ray - рентгеновское излучение <br> | |||
<br> | |||
==ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ== | ==ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ== | ||
[[Ангилал:ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ]] | [[Ангилал:ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ]] | ||
[[Ангилал:ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ]] | [[Ангилал:ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ]] | ||
[[Ангилал:ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ]] | [[Ангилал:ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ]] | ||