14:30, 9 Аравдугаар сар 2020-ий байдлаарх засвар

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃^[1]
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷindicator ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰlitmus ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽcatalysis) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃^[2]
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ

HA = H⁺ + A^-

ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄
HA ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂
H⁺ ᠨᠢ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂
A^- ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠍᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠴdissociation ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ᠃^[3]
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄

HCl ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤchlorine ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ)᠂ H₂SO₄ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ H₃BO₃ ᠪᠣᠷboron ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ

ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ	ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ	ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋
per ᠫᠧᠷ	ate ᠊ᠠᠲ	per ᠫᠧᠷ	ic acid ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	perchloric acid HClO₄ ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
	ate ᠊ᠠᠲ		ic acid ᠊ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	chloric acid HClO₃ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
	ite ᠊ᠢᠲ		ous acid ᠊ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	chlorous acid HClO₂ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
hypo ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋	ite ᠊ᠢᠲ	hypo ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋	ous acid ᠊ᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	hypochlorous acid HClO ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
	ide ᠊ᠢᠳ᠋	hydro ᠊ᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	ic acid ᠊ᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	hydrochloric acid HCl ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ

ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ	ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋
H₃BO₃	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ortho ᠪᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	BO₃^3-	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠪᠣᠷᠠᠲ᠋
H₂CO₃	ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ	CO₃^2-	ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋carbonate
H₂SiO₃	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠmeta ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	SiO₃^2-	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲsilicate
H₄SiO₄	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	SiO₄^4-	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲ
HN₃	ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠤnitrous ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	N₃^-	ᠠᠽᠢᠳ᠋
HNO₂	ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ	NO₂^-	ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ᠋nitrite
HNO₃	ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	NO₃^-	ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ᠋
HPO₃	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷphosphorus ᠦ᠋ᠨ	PO₃^-	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲphosphate
H₃PO₄	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	PO₄^3-	ᠣᠷᠲᠣ᠋ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ
H₃PO₂	ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ	PO₂^3-	ᠾᠢᠫᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
H₃PO₃	ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ	PO₃^3-	ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
HAsO₃	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	AsO₃^-	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲarsenate
H₃AsO₄	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	AsO₄^3-	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲ
H₂S	ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	S^2-	ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠳ᠋sulphide
H₂SO₃	ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠢᠢᠪᠲᠦᠷ	SO₃^2-	ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠲ
H₂SO₄	ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	SO₄^2-	ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠠᠲ
H₂Se	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠲᠦselenium ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	Se^2-	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋selenide
H₂SeO₃	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠲᠡᠢᠢᠪᠲᠦᠷ	SeO₃^2-	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠲ
H₂SeO₄	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨ ‍ᠤ	SeO₄^2-	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠠᠲ
H₂Te	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠲᠦtellurium ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	Te^2-	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠳ᠋telluride
H₂TeO₃	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠲᠡᠢᠢᠪᠲᠦᠷ	TeO₃^2-	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ
HF	ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	F^-	ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋fluoride
HCl	ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ	Cl^-	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋
HClO	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ	ClO^-	ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋hypo ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
HClO₂	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷchlorous	ClO₂^-	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
HClO₃	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤ	ClO₃^-	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
HClO₄	ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	ClO₄^-	ᠫᠧᠷper ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
HBr	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠲᠤbromine ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	Br^-	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠳ᠋bromide
HBrO	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ	BrO^-	ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
HBrO₂	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ	BrO₂^-	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
HBrO₃	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠲᠤ	BrO₃^-	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
HBrO₄	ᠪᠷᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	BrO₄^-	ᠫᠧᠷᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
HI	ᠢᠣᠳ᠌ᠲᠤiodine ᠣᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	I^-	ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠳ᠋iodide
HIO	ᠢᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ	IO^-	ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
HIO₂	ᠢᠣᠳ᠌ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ	IO₂^-	ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
HIO₃	ᠢᠣᠳ᠌ᠲᠤ	IO₃^-	ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ
HIO₄	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	IO₄^-	ᠫᠧᠷ ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ

"ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋" ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ

ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

хүчил
суурь
давс
устөрөгч
ион
анион
acid
base
salt
alkali
hydrogen
ion
anion
dissociation
кислота
основа
соль
щелочь
водород
диссоциация

ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

↑ Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18
↑ Britannica. Acid (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18
↑ Stahl PH, Nakamo M (2008). "Pharmaceutical Aspects of the Salt Form". In Stahl PH, Warmth CG (eds.). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-3-906390-58-1

[1] Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18

[2] Britannica. Acid (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18

[3] Stahl PH, Nakamo M (2008). "Pharmaceutical Aspects of the Salt Form". In Stahl PH, Warmth CG (eds.). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-3-906390-58-1

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