"ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
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= ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ = | = ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ = | ||
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ<sup>Лобачевский</sup> ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ | ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ<sup>Лобачевский</sup> ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋<sup>Euclid</sup> ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ<sup>geometry</sup>᠂ ᠮᠤᠷᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>[http://tesseract-club.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post.html Орон зайн муруйлт ба цаг хугацааны гажилт᠃] ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/18</ref> <br> | ||
ᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ | ᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ | ||
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|Text=D | |Text=D ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠯᠯᠧᠯ<sup>parallel</sup> ᠠᠭᠠᠳ M ᠴᠡᠭ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ d1᠂ d2᠂ d3 ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋ | ||
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'''ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ | '''ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠢᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋'''᠃<ref>[https://unistomlg.ru/mn/na-dne/gde-peresekayutsya-dve-parallelnye-pryamye-skolko Хоёр зэрэгцээ шугам огтлолцох үед]᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/18</ref> | ||
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ<sup>postulate</sup>᠃ | ||
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ||
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ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᢩᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ᠄ | ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᢩᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ᠄ | ||
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠢᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠯᠯᠧᠯ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋ | ||
ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ||
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠡᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠡᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref> | ||
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|Text= | |Text=ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ | ||
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ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠡᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠡᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ||
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ <math>\alpha</math>᠂ <math>\beta</math>᠂ <math>\gamma</math> ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ <math>\alpha</math>᠂ <math>\beta</math>᠂ <math>\gamma</math> ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ||
ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠹᠧᠻᠲ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<ref>[https://www.maa.org/press/periodicals/loci/joma/hyperbolic-geometry-triangles-angles-and-area Andrew G. Bennett. Hyperbolic Geometry - Triangles, Angles, and Area.] ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/20</ref> | ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠹᠧᠻᠲ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃<ref>[https://www.maa.org/press/periodicals/loci/joma/hyperbolic-geometry-triangles-angles-and-area Andrew G. Bennett. Hyperbolic Geometry - Triangles, Angles, and Area.] ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/20</ref> | ||
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠄ <br><br> | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠄ <br><br> | ||
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<br><br>ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ K ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠤᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ | <br><br>ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ K ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠰ<sup>Gauss</sup> ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠤᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠦᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ||
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58-р мөр: | 58-р мөр: | ||
ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ "ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋" ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠭ᠌ᠷᠦ᠋ᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ<sup>congruent</sup> ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ "ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋" ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠭ᠌ᠷᠦ᠋ᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ<sup>congruent</sup> ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣᠻᠰ<sup>paradox</sup> ᠶᠤᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣᠻᠰ<sup>paradox</sup> ᠶᠤᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ||
ᠰᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ᠰᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
64-р мөр: | 64-р мөр: | ||
== ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ == | == ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ == | ||
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠨᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠨᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠢᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ||
ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ | ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ||
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ 1826 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ 1826 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ | ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠳ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠭ<sup>mathematic</sup> ᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ||
ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ||
76-р мөр: | 76-р мөр: | ||
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠡᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠡᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ᠻᠷᠣᠫᠾᠠᠰᠣᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠍<sup>synchrophasotron</sup> ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<ref>[https://unistomlg.ru/na-dne/gde-peresekayutsya-dve-parallelnye-pryamye-skolko Где пересекаются две параллельные прямые. Сколько параллельных прямых в геометрии Лобачевского.] ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/20</ref> | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
87-р мөр: | 87-р мөр: | ||
ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ - non-Euclidean geometry - неевклидова геометрия <br> | ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ - non-Euclidean geometry - неевклидова геометрия <br> | ||
ᠴᠡᠭ - point - точка <br> | ᠴᠡᠭ - point - точка <br> | ||
ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ - line - прямая <br> | |||
ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - axioma -аксиома | ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - axioma - аксиома<ref name=":0">ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪ᠊᠃ ᠰᠣᠳᠨᠠᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1964 ᠣᠨ᠃ </ref> | ||
ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - postulate - постулат | ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - postulate - постулат<ref name=":0" /> | ||
ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - theorem - теорема<br> | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - theorem - теорема<ref name=":0" /><br> | ||
== ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ == | == ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ == |
22:31, 20 Хоёрдугаар сар 2021-ий байдлаарх засвар
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢЛобачевский ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋Euclid ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷgeometry᠂ ᠮᠤᠷᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃[1]
ᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ
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ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠢᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃[2]
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲpostulate᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᢩᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ᠄
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠢᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠯᠯᠧᠯ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋
ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠡᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[3]
ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ
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ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠡᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠂ ᠂ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠹᠧᠻᠲ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃[4]
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠄
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ K ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠰGauss ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠤᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠦᠢᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ "ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋" ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠭ᠌ᠷᠦ᠋ᠧᠨ᠍ᠲcongruent ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣᠻᠰparadox ᠶᠤᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠰᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠨᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠢᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ 1826 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠳ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠭmathematic ᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠡᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ᠻᠷᠣᠫᠾᠠᠰᠣᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠍synchrophasotron ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃[5]
ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ
ᠾᠢᠫᠧᠷᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ - hyperbolic geometry - гиперболическая геометрия
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ - Bolyai–Lobachevskian geometry - геометрия Лобачевского
ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ - Euclidean geometry - евклидова геометрия
ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ - non-Euclidean geometry - неевклидова геометрия
ᠴᠡᠭ - point - точка
ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ - line - прямая
ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - axioma - аксиома[6]
ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - postulate - постулат[6]
ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - theorem - теорема[6]
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ
- ↑ Орон зайн муруйлт ба цаг хугацааны гажилт᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/18
- ↑ Хоёр зэрэгцээ шугам огтлолцох үед᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/18
- ↑ А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989
- ↑ Andrew G. Bennett. Hyperbolic Geometry - Triangles, Angles, and Area. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/20
- ↑ Где пересекаются две параллельные прямые. Сколько параллельных прямых в геометрии Лобачевского. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/20
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪ᠊᠃ ᠰᠣᠳᠨᠠᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1964 ᠣᠨ᠃