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ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ

ᠶᠡᠬᠡ

ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋

ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠨᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋
ᠹᠠᠨᠧᠷᠣᠽᠥᠶ

(ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ)

ᠰᠢᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠾᠣᠯᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍

Holocene

ᠮᠧᠭᠠᠯᠠᠶ

Meghalayan

4.2 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠂ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ CO2 ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ 0.0042
ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠭᠷᠢᠫᠫᠶ

Northgrippian

2 0.0082
ᠭᠷᠢᠢᠨᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋

Greenlandian

3 0.0117
ᠫᠯᠧᠶᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍

Pleistocene

ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ 4 0.126
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ 5 0.781
ᠻᠠᠯᠠᠪᠷᠶ

Calabrian

6 1.8
ᠭᠧᠯᠠᠽᠶ

Gelasian

7 2.58
ᠨᠧᠣᠭᠧᠨ᠍ ᠫᠯᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍

Pliocene

ᠫᠢᠶᠠᠼᠧᠨ᠍ᠽᠢ

Piacenzian

8 3.6
ᠽᠠᠨ᠍ᠻᠯᠧᠶ

Zanclean

9 5.333
ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍

Miocene

ᠮᠧᠰᠰᠢᠨᠶ

Messinian

10 7.246
ᠲᠣᠷᠲᠣᠨᠶ

Tortonian

11.63
ᠰᠧᠷᠷᠠᠸᠠᠯᠶ

Serravallian

12 13.82
ᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋

Langhian

15.97
ᠪᠦᠷᠳᠢᠭᠠᠯᠶ

Burdigalian

14 20.44
ᠠᠻᠦᠢᠲᠠᠨᠶ

Aquitanian

23.03
ᠫᠠᠯᠧᠣᠭᠧᠨ᠍ ᠣᠯᠢᠭᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍

Oligocene

ᠴᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢ

Chattian

16 28.1
ᠷᠦᠫᠧᠯᠶ

Rupelian

33.9
ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍

Eocene

ᠫᠷᠢᠶᠠᠪᠣᠨᠶ

Priabonian

ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ (Creodonts, Condylarths, Uintatheres) ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠦᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ (Antarctica) ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠯᠫ (Alps) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠦᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊
37.8
ᠪᠠᠷᠲᠣᠨᠢ

Bartonian

41.2
ᠯᠦᠲᠧᠴᠢ

Lutetian

47.8
ᠢᠫᠷᠧᠽᠢ

Ypresian

ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ (PETM ᠪᠠ ETM-2)᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠽᠣᠯᠯᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ (Azolla event) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ 3500 ppm ᠡᠴᠡ 650 ppm ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠾᠢᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢ (Himalaya) ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ 56
ᠫᠠᠯᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍

Paleocene

ᠲᠾᠠᠨᠧᠼᠢ

Thanetian

ᠴᠢᠻᠱᠦ᠋ᠯᠦ᠋ᠪ (Chicxulub) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ᠂ K–Pg (ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠳ-ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (dinosaur) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ (ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ)᠃ ᠠᠯᠫ (Alpes) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ 59.2
ᠰᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠢ

Selandian

61.6
ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢ

Danian

66
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠲᠷᠢᠻᠲ

Maastrichtian

25 72.1 ± 0.2
ᠻᠠᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ

Campanian

83.6 ± 0.2
ᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠣᠨᠢ

Santonian

86.3 ± 0.5
ᠻᠣᠨᠠᠴᠢ

Coniacian

89.8 ± 0.3
ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠨᠢ

Turonian

93.9
ᠼᠧᠨᠣᠮᠠᠨᠢ

Cenomanian

100.5
ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠠᠯᠪᠢ

Albian

~113
ᠠᠫᠲ᠋ᠢ

Aptian

~125
ᠪᠠᠷᠷᠡᠮᠢ

Barremian

~129.4
ᠾᠠᠦᠲ᠋ᠧᠲᠢᠤᠢ

Hauterivian

~132.9
ᠸᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨᠢ

Valanginian

~139.8
ᠪᠧᠷᠷᠢᠶᠠᠽᠢ

Berriasian

~145
ᠶᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠾᠣᠨᠢ

Tithonian

37 152.1 ± 0.9
ᠻᠢᠮᠮᠧᠷᠢᠵᠢ

Kimmeridgian

157.3 ± 1.0
ᠣᠻᠰᠹᠣᠷᠳ᠋

Oxfordian

163.5 ± 1.0
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠻᠠᠯᠯᠣᠸᠶ

Callovian

166.1 ± 1.2
ᠪᠠᠲ᠋ᠾᠣᠨᠢ

Bathonian

168.3 ± 1.3
ᠪᠠᠶᠣᠼᠢ

Bajocian

170.3 ± 1.4
ᠠᠯᠧᠨᠢ

Aalenian

174.1 ± 1.0
ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠲᠣᠠᠷᠼᠢ

Toarcian

182.7 ± 0.7
ᠫᠯᠢᠢᠨᠽᠪᠠᠻᠢ

Pliensbachian

190.8 ± 1.0
ᠰᠢᠨᠧᠮᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ

Sinemurian

199.3 ± 0.3
ᠾᠧᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠭᠢ

Hettangian

201.3 ± 0.2
ᠲᠷᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠷᠠᠧᠲᠢ

Rhaetian

48 ~208.5
ᠨᠣᠷᠶ

Norian

~227
ᠻᠠᠷᠨᠢ

Carnian

~237
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠯᠠᠳᠢᠨᠢ

Ladinian

~242
ᠠᠨᠢᠰᠢ

Anisian

247.2
ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠣᠯᠧᠨᠧᠻᠢ

Olenekian

251.2
ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠦ᠋ᠠᠩ

Induan

251.902 ± 0.06
ᠡᠷᠲᠡ

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ ᠯᠣᠫᠢᠩᠭᠢ

Lopingian

ᠴᠠᠩᠭᠰᠢᠩᠭᠢ

Changhsingian

ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠫᠠᠩᠭᠧᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠫᠫᠠᠯᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ ᠊᠊ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠯᠢᠻᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (pelycosaur) ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠠᠫᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (synapsid) ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠷᠧᠫᠲᠢᠯ (parareptile)᠂ ᠲᠧᠮᠨᠣᠰᠫᠣᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠯ (temnospondyl) ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠊ᠢᠡᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠣᠴᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠨ (gymnosperms) ᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠴᠣᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠭᠦᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠫᠷᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋ (productid)᠂ ᠰᠫᠢᠷᠢᠹᠧᠷᠢᠳ᠋ (spiriferid) ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (brachiopod) ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠹᠣᠷᠠᠮ (foram)᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ammonoid) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ  ᠊᠊ ᠲᠷᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ 251 ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ 95 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠭᠷᠠᠫᠲᠣᠯᠢᠲ (graptolite)᠂ ᠪᠯᠠᠰᠲᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (blastoid) ᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠨᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠂ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ (Kunlun) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ 254.14 ± 0.07
ᠸᠦᠴᠢᠶᠠᠫᠢᠩᠭᠢ

Wuchiapingian

259.1 ± 0.4
ᠭᠤᠠᠳᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠫᠢ

Guadalupian

ᠻᠠᠫᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠢ

Capitanian

265.1 ± 0.4
ᠸᠣᠷᠳᠢ

Wordian

268.8 ± 0.5
ᠷᠣᠦ᠋ᠳᠢ

Roadian

272.95 ± 0.5
ᠼᠢᠽᠦ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ

Cisuralian

ᠻᠦᠩᠭᠦᠷᠢ

Kungurian

283.5 ± 0.6
ᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ᠍ᠰᠻᠢ

Artinskian

290.1 ± 0.26
ᠰᠠᠻᠮᠠᠷᠢ

Sakmarian

295 ± 0.18
ᠠᠰᠰᠧᠯᠢ

Asselian

298.9 ± 0.15
ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ

ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ

ᠫᠧᠨ᠍ᠰᠢᠯᠸᠠᠨᠢ

Pennsylvanian

ᠭᠿᠧᠯᠢ

Gzhelian

ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠣᠭᠴᠤᠮ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠳ (ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠢᠢᠮᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠯᠢ (equisetum)) ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠊ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠭᠣᠨᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ (goniatite)᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (brachiopod)᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ (bryozoa)᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠹᠣᠷᠠᠮ (foram) ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠤᠷᠠᠯ (Ural) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ᠂ ᠸᠠᠷᠢᠰᠻᠠᠨ (Variscan) ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ 303.7 ± 0.1
ᠻᠠᠰᠢᠮᠣᠸᠢ

Kasimovian

307 ± 0.1
ᠮᠣᠰᠻᠣᠸᠢ

Moscovian

315.2 ± 0.2
ᠪᠠᠱᠻᠢᠷᠢ

Bashkirian

323.2 ± 0.4
ᠮᠢᠰᠰᠢᠰᠰᠢᠫᠫᠢ

Mississippian

ᠰᠧᠷᠫᠦ᠋ᠻᠣᠸ

Serpukhovian

ᠡᠨᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠨᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠠᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠷᠾᠢᠽᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ (rhizodont) ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ (echinoderm) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠭᠣᠨᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ (goniatite)᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠨᠠᠦ᠋ᠲᠢᠯᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (nautiloid) ᠬᠣᠪᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊
330.9 ± 0.2
ᠸᠢᠽᠧᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋

Viséan

346.7 ± 0.4
ᠲᠦᠷᠨᠠᠢᠢᠽᠢ

Tournaisian

358.9 ± 0.4
ᠳ᠋ᠧᠸᠣᠨ᠍ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠹᠠᠮᠧᠨᠨᠢ

Famennian

ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠷᠰᠦ (Lycopodiopsid) ᠂ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠯᠢ (equisetum)᠂ ᠣᠢᠢᠮ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ (ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ) ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠥᠹᠥᠮᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋ (strophomenid)᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠫᠢᠳ᠋ (atrypid)᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ (tabulata)᠂ ᠷᠦᠭᠣᠽᠠ (rugosa) ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋ (crinoid) ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠣᠨᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (goniatite ammonoid) ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠵᠠᠯᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤ (coleoid) ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (agnath) ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠫᠯᠠᠻᠣᠳᠧᠷᠮ (placoderm)᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠠᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ (sarcopterygi)᠂ ᠥᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ (actinopterygi)᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (selachii) ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠯᠠᠰ᠂ ᠠᠫᠫᠠᠯᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠃᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠽᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ 372.2 ± 1.6
ᠹᠷᠠᠽᠨᠢ

Frasnian

382.7 ± 1.6
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠭᠢᠸᠧᠼᠢ

Givetian

387.7 ± 0.8
ᠧᠢᠢᠹᠧᠯ

Eifelian

393.3 ± 1.2
ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠧᠮᠰᠢ

Emsian

407.6 ± 2.6
ᠫᠷᠠᠭᠢ

Pragian

410.8 ± 2.8
ᠯᠣᠴᠻᠣᠸᠢ

Lochkovian

419.2 ± 3.2
ᠰᠢᠯᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠫᠷᠢᠳᠣᠯᠢ

Pridoli

ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠤᠤᠷᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ (ᠷᠾᠢᠨᠣᠹᠢᠲ᠋)᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (millipede)᠂ ᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠲᠷᠣᠫᠯᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠳ (Arthropleurid) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠨᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ (tabulata)᠂ ᠷᠦᠭᠣᠽᠠ (rugosa) ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠫᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠳ᠋ (pentamerid)᠂ ᠷᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠣᠻᠣᠨᠧᠯᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (rhinochonellid) ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋ (crinoid) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠷᠠᠫᠲᠣᠯᠢᠲ (graptolite) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠷᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠻᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠨᠠᠸ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ 423 ± 2.3
ᠯᠦ᠋ᠲᠯᠣᠦ᠋

Ludlow

ᠯᠦᠳᠹᠣᠷᠳ᠋

Ludfordian

425.6 ± 0.9
ᠭᠣᠷᠰᠲᠢ

Gorstian

427.4 ± 0.5
ᠸᠧᠨ᠍ᠯᠣᠻ

Wenlock

ᠾᠣᠮᠧᠷᠢ

Homerian

430.5 ± 0.7
ᠱᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠍ᠸᠦ᠋ᠳ᠋

Sheinwoodian

433.4 ± 0.8
ᠯᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠣᠸᠧᠷᠶ

Llandovery

ᠲᠧᠯᠢᠴᠢ

Telychian

438.5 ± 1.1
ᠠᠧᠷᠣᠨᠢ

Aeronian

440.8 ± 1.2
ᠷᠦᠲᠳᠠᠨᠢ

Rhuddanian

443.8 ± 1.5
ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠸᠢᠻ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠾᠢᠷᠨᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠢ

Hirnantian

ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠭᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠹᠣᠮᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋ (Orthida, Strophomenida) ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠨᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠣᠢᠢᠳ᠋ (nautiloid)᠂ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobit)᠂ ᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠻᠣᠳ᠋ (ostracod)᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ (bryozoa)᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ (echinoderm)᠂ ᠭᠷᠠᠫᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠢᠲ (graptolit) ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠲᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (conodont) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠥᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ 445.2 ± 1.4
ᠻᠠᠲᠢ

Katian

453 ± 0.7
ᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠪᠢ

Sandbian

458.4 ± 0.9
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠷᠢᠸᠢᠯᠢ

Darriwilian

467.3 ± 1.1
ᠳᠠᠫᠢᠩᠭᠢ

Dapingian

470 ± 1.4
ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠹᠯᠣᠶᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋

Floian

477.7 ± 1.4
ᠲᠷᠧᠮᠠᠳᠣᠴᠢ

Tremadocian

485.4 ± 1.9
ᠻᠧᠮᠪᠷᠢ ᠹᠦᠷᠣᠩᠭᠢ

Furongian

10 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠱᠠᠲᠤ

Stage 10

ᠻᠧᠮᠪᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠥᠪᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠻᠧᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠠ (Archaeocyatha) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite) ᠂ ᠫᠷᠢᠶᠠᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (priapulid) ᠥᠲᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ (sponge)᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (brachiopod) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ᠃ ᠧᠳᠢᠠᠻᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ 《ᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠮ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ》(Anomalocaridid) ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠫᠷᠣᠻᠠᠷᠢᠶᠣᠲ (prokaryote)᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠴᠥᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠷᠥᠲ᠋ᠢᠰᠲ᠋ (protists) ᠊ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠮᠥᠭᠦᠨᠴᠡᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠠ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ (Petermann)᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠷᠣᠰᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ (Ross) ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠳᠧᠯᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ᠻᠯᠢᠨᠠᠯ (Adelaide geosyncline) ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ 15 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ (ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ 400 ppmv᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ 6000 ppmv)᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ ~489.5
ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩᠱᠠᠨ

Jiangshanian

~494
ᠫᠠᠢᠢᠪᠢ

Paibian

~497
ᠮᠢᠶᠠᠣᠯᠢᠩᠭᠢ

Miaolingian

ᠭᠦᠵᠠᠩ

Guzhangian

~500.5
ᠳ᠋ᠷᠦ᠋ᠮᠢ

Drumian

~504.5
ᠸᠦᠯᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠠ᠊ᠨ᠍

Wuliuan

~509
ᠰᠧᠷᠢ

Series 2

4 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠱᠠᠲᠤ

Stage 4

~514
3 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠱᠠᠲᠤ

Stage 3

~521
ᠲᠧᠷᠷᠧᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠸᠢ

Terreneuvian

2 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ

Stage 2

~529
ᠹᠣᠷᠲᠦ᠋ᠨ

Fortunian

~541 ± 1.0
ᠻᠧᠮᠪᠷᠢ

᠊ᠢᠢᠨ

ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ

ᠠᠩᠬ

᠊ᠠ᠋

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠰᠢᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋

ᠠᠩᠬ

᠊ᠠ᠋

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠧᠳᠢᠶᠠᠻᠠᠷᠠ

Ediacaran

ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠧᠳᠢᠶᠠᠻᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠥᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ Trichophycus᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ᠋ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠡᠨ (trilobitomorphs)᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ (sponge) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠬᠥᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ (Dickinsonia ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠊ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ ~635
ᠻᠷᠢᠣᠭᠧᠨᠢ

Cryogenian

《ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ》 ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠣᠪᠤᠷ᠃ ᠷᠥᠳᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ~720
ᠲᠣᠨᠢ

Tonian

ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠷᠣᠳᠢᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠼᠧᠯᠯᠧᠳᠧᠦ᠋ᠻᠠᠷᠢᠶᠣᠲ (celledeukaryote) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠧᠯᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠰᠢᠨᠻᠯᠢᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ 1000
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ

ᠠᠩᠬ

᠊ᠠ᠋

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨᠢ

Stenian

ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠣᠷᠹᠢᠻ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ Sveconorweg ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ 1200
ᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠠᠽᠢ

Ectasian

ᠫᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠹᠣᠷᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠦᠷᠦᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ 1400
ᠻᠠᠯᠢᠮᠮᠢ

Calymmian

ᠫᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠹᠣᠷᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ 1600
ᠡᠷᠲᠡ

ᠠᠩᠬ

᠊ᠠ᠋

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ

Statherian

ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ᠄ ᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠫᠷᠥᠲᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ (protist)᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠻᠣᠯᠦ᠋ᠮᠪ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ 1800
ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠷᠢ

Orosirian

ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠩᠳᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ Vredefort᠂ Sudbury ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠢᠢᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ 2050
ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠼᠢ

Rhyacian

ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠱᠸᠧᠯᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠾᠦᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠮᠥᠰᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠃ 2300
ᠰᠢᠳᠧᠷᠶ

Siderian

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ᠄ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠊᠊ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ (BIF) ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ 2,440–2,420 Ma ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ Sleaford ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ Gawler ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠻᠷᠠᠲᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ 2500
ᠡᠬᠢ

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠰᠢᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋

ᠡᠬᠢ

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠥᠨᠥ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠻᠷᠠᠲᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 2800
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ

ᠡᠬᠢ

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠢᠲ ᠊ᠦᠳ (stromatolite)᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠼᠢᠶᠠᠨᠣᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ (cyanobacteria)᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ Humboldt ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ 3200
ᠡᠷᠲᠡ

ᠡᠬᠢ

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠻᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ (shields/platforms) ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ Rayner ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ 3600
ᠦᠷ

ᠡᠬᠢ

ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ

ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠳ (ᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠻᠧ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ)᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠥᠷᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋᠂ 4,000 Ma ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ RNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ 4,000 ± 200 Ma ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠫᠢᠶᠧᠷ (Napier) ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ (orogeny) ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ ~4000
ᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠋ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ

ᠢᠮᠪᠷᠶ

ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ (ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ [kerogen] ᠭᠡᠬᠥ ᠮᠡᠲᠥ) ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠥ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠥᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠳᠥ ᠥᠷᠲᠥᠵᠥ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠣᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠨᠥ ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠷᠧᠽᠣᠨᠠᠨ᠍ᠰ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠻᠥᠢᠫᠧᠷ (Kuiper) ᠊ᠥᠨ ᠪᠥᠰᠡ ᠊ᠳᠥ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠥ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠣᠯᠢᠭ (4,031 to 3,580 Ma)᠃᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ 4130
ᠨᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠶ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠰ ᠬᠣᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠠᠣᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠣᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ‍᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠥᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠨᠡᠭᠥᠷᠡᠰᠥ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠫ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠣ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ‍‍ᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊ 4280
ᠰᠠᠪ

ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ

᠊ᠤᠨ

ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ

ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ (ᠼᠢᠷᠻᠣᠨ 4,404 ± 8 Ma)᠃ ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ 4533
ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ (4,533 - 4,527 Ma) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ (4,570 - 4,567.17 Ma) ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ (4,680 - 4,630 Ma)᠃ 4600