ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠢᠢ ᠡ᠋
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ
ᠪᠢᠢ ᠡ᠋
ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠮᠮᠦ᠋ᠨᠤᠭᠯᠤᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠨ (Immunoglobulin,ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ lg) ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠢᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ᠂ Y ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠢᠡ ᠨᠢ 〔ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ〕 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠡᠢᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠫ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠫᠢᠲ᠋ᠣᠫ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠣᠣᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠋ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠤ ᠢᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠢᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠢᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ (ᠮᠠᠻᠷᠣᠹᠠᠭᠢ) ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠋᠃ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ Fc ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠢᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ B ᠡᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠹᠢᠼᠨᠻ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠄
ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠢᠠ
ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ 〔B ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ〕 (ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ BCR-B cell receptor)᠃
BCR ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ B ᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ B ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠋ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ B ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ T ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ B ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᢉᠢᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠢᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠢᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠋ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ 〔ᠢᠮᠮᠦ᠋ᠨᠣᠭᠯᠣᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠨ〕 ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷᠲᠦ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ ᠵᠣᠢᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠄
ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨ᠋ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠢᠠ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ (Fc fragment) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠋ᠠ᠋᠃