ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠊ᠤᠳ
ᠻᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠣᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠮᠪᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ᠂ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠳ
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ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠃
ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨᠡ᠃ |
ᠻᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠄
1᠃ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠄
ᠡᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠦᠨᠻᠼ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠹᠦᠨᠻᠼ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃[1]
2᠃ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠄
ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠮᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠽᠧᠨᠪᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨHeisenberg ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃[2]
3᠃ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠯ᠄
ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃[3]
4. ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ᠄
ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠥᠭᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃[3]
5᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠄
ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠶ᠋ᠶ᠋᠋ᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠻᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠷᠥᠳᠢᠩᠭᠧᠷ ᠦᠨSchrödinger ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠶ᠋᠋ᠡᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠦᠨᠻᠼ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠻᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠻᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠣᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠹ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠣᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃[4]
ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ - quantum
ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ - elementary/fundamental particle
ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ - wave
ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ - wave-particle duality
ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ - uncertainty principle
ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠯ - superposition
ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ - entanglement
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ - quantization
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ
- ↑ C.R.Nave. Wave-Particle Duality. HyperPhysics 2016. Department of Physics and Astronomy. Georgia State University. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mod1.html
- ↑ Jan Hilgevoord, Jos Uffink. The Uncertainty Principle. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-uncertainty/
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Introduction to Quantum Computing: Superposition and Entanglement. Quantum Enspire ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2023/06/19. quantum-inspire.com/kbase/superposition-and-entanglement/
- ↑ OpenStax. College Physics. University of Hawaii OER ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2023/06/20. https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/collegephysics/chapter/29-1-quantization-of-energy/