ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ

13:53, 20 Есдүгээр сар 2020-ий байдлаарх Shidten (яриа | оруулсан хувь нэмэр) хэрэглэгчийн хийсэн залруулга

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ

ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
3 ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ
ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃[1]
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰlitmus ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽcatalysis) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃[2]
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ






HA = H+ + A-


ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄
HA ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂
H+ ᠨᠢ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂
A- ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠍᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠴdissociation ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ᠃[3]
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄

HCl ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤchlorine ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ)᠂ H2SO4 ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ H3BO3 ᠪᠣᠷboron ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ


ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ
ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋
per ᠫᠧᠷ ate ᠊ᠠᠲ per ᠫᠧᠷ ic acid

ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
perchloric acid
HClO4

ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ate ᠊ᠠᠲ ic acid

᠊ᠷᠬᠠᠭ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
chloric acid
HClO3

ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ite ᠊ᠢᠲ ous acid

᠊ᠯᠢᠭ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
chlorous acid
HClO2

ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
hypo ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ite ᠊ᠢᠲ hypo ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ous acid

᠊ᠵᠢᠭᠤ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
hypochlorous acid
HClO

ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠤ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ide ᠊ᠢᠳ᠋ hydro

... ᠤᠰᠤ
ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ic acid

... ᠤᠰᠤ
ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
hydrochloric acid
HCl

ᠻᠯᠣᠷ
ᠤᠰᠤ
ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ


ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ


ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ
ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋
H3BO3 ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣortho ᠪᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ BO33- ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠪᠣᠷᠠᠲ᠋
H2CO3 ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ CO32- ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋carbonate
H2SiO3 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠmeta ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ SiO32- ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲsilicate
H4SiO4 ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ SiO44- ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲ
HN3 ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠯᠢᠭnitrous ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ N3- ᠠᠽᠢᠳ᠋
HNO2 ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠯᠢᠭ NO2- ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ᠋nitrite
HNO3 ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ NO3- ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ᠋
HPO3 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷphosphorus ᠦ᠋ᠨ PO3- ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲphosphate
H3PO4 ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ PO43- ᠣᠷᠲᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ
H3PO2 ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠤ PO23- ᠾᠢᠫᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
H3PO3 ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ PO33- ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
HAsO3 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ AsO3- ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲarsenite
H3AsO4 ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ AsO43- ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲ
H2S ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ S2- ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠳ᠋sulphide
H2SO3 ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ SO32- ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠲ
H2SO4 ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ SO42- ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠠᠲ
H2Se ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨselenium ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ Se2- ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋selenide
H2SeO3 ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠯᠢᠭ SeO32- ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠲ
H2SeO4 ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨ ‍ᠤ SeO42- ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠠᠲ
H2Te ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷtellurium ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ Te2- ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠳ᠋telluride
H2TeO3 ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠯᠢᠭ TeO32- ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ
HF ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ F- ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋fluoride
HCl ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ Cl- ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋
HClO ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠤ ClO- ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋hypo ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
HClO2 ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭchlorous ClO2- ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
HClO3 ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ ClO3- ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
HClO4 ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ClO4- ᠫᠧᠷper ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
HBr ᠪᠷᠣᠮbromine ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ Br- ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠳ᠋bromide
HBrO ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤ BrO- ᠾᠶᠫᠣ᠋ ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
HBrO2 ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠯᠢᠭ BrO2- ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
HBrO3 ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ BrO3- ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
HBrO4 ᠪᠷᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ BrO4- ᠫᠧᠷᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
HI ᠢᠣᠳ᠋iodine ᠣᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ I- ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠳ᠋iodide
HIO ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ᠵᠢᠭᠤ IO- ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
HIO2 ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ᠯᠢᠭ IO2- ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
HIO3 ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ IO3- ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ
HIO4 ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ IO4- ᠫᠧᠷ ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ
  • "ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋" ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ


ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

хүчил
суурь
давс
устөрөгч
ион
анион
acid
base
salt
alkali
hydrogen
ion
anion
dissociation
кислота
основа
соль
щелочь
водород
диссоциация

ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

  1. Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18
  2. Britannica. Acid (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18
  3. Stahl PH, Nakamo M (2008). "Pharmaceutical Aspects of the Salt Form". In Stahl PH, Warmth CG (eds.). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-3-906390-58-1