ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ

08:49, 2 Тавдугаар сар 2021-ий байдлаарх Ayalgusaihan (яриа | оруулсан хувь нэмэр) хэрэглэгчийн хийсэн залруулга

ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ‘Phagspa (འཕགས་པ) ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ‍ᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ 1262 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠮᠥᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠪᠠᠵᠠᠷ 17 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ "ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ"᠂ ‘Phagspa ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ "ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ "ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃



ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ

ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠯᠣᠳᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃

ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ XIII ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ "ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ" ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃

ᠯᠣᠳᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠭᠦᠩᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠭᠣᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠭᠦᠩᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ "ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠲᠠ" ᠍ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠯᠣᠳᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃

ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠯᠣᠳᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠢ 1253 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠢ 9 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃

ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ 44 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ 28 ᠍ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1269 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ "ᠪᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠦᠢ᠃

ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃

ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃

ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃

ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠁ ᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃

ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠲᠤᠨ"[1] ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ 169 ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 1275 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃

ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠬᠢᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠪᠠᠯᠢᠭ (ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ) ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠤ (ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ) ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ 1264 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃


ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ

ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠬ.ᠺ᠃ ᠭᠠᠪᠧᠯᠧᠨᠼ ᠤᠨ 1839 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ᠃

ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ ᠭ ∙ ᠫᠣᠲᠶ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠠ᠊ ∙ ᠸᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠ᠊ ∙ ᠮ ∙ ᠫᠣᠽᠲᠨᠧᠶᠧᠹ᠂ ᠢ᠊ ∙ ᠭ ∙ ᠷᠠᠮᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠲᠲ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠬᠤᠴᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢᠴᠢ ᠱ᠃ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠸᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ "ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠪᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ" ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃

ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢᠴᠢ ᠳ ∙ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠲᠣᠭᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠼ ∙ ᠱᠠᠭᠳᠤᠷᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ᠂ ᠬ ∙ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠪᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵ ∙ ᠫᠷᠯᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵ ∙ ᠨᠠᠳᠮᠢᠳ᠂ ᠠ᠊ ∙ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ᠂ ᠶᠣ᠊ ∙ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠤᠪ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃[2]


ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ


ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋
ᠭᠠ᠊ ka k ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ "ᠶᠡᠬᠡ" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪ᠌᠋
ᠬᠠ᠊ kha kh ᠬᠡᠨ
ᠭᠠ᠊ ga g ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ
nga ng ᠲᠡᠩᠷᠢ
ca c
cha ch ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ja j ᠵᠢᠯ
ᠨᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋

ᠨᠢᠠ

nya ny
ᠳᠠ᠊ ta t "ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠰ
ᠲᠠ᠊ tha th ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠮ
ᠳᠠ᠊

ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠊

da d ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ
ᠨᠠ᠊ na n ᠮᠠᠨᠤ
ᠪᠠ᠊ pa p ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ
ᠫᠠ᠊ pha ph
ᠪᠠ᠊ ba b ᠪᠠᠰᠠ
ᠮᠠ᠊ ma m ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ
ᠼᠠ᠊ tsa ts
ᠱᠠ᠊ tsha tsh ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ
ᠽᠠ᠊ dza dz
ᠸᠠ᠊ wa w ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠸᠴᠢᠷ
ᠱᠠ᠊ zha zh
ᠰᠠ᠊ za z ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ "ᠰᠠᠷᠠ/ᠰᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋" ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ
᠊ᠠ᠊

᠊ᠠ

-A - ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠶᠠ᠊ ya y ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠨ
ᠷᠠ᠊ ra r ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ
ᠯᠠ᠊ la l ᠠᠯᠪᠠ
ᠰᠢ᠊ sha sh ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋
ᠰᠠ᠊ sa s ᠡᠴᠦᠰ
ᠾᠠ᠊ ha h ᠦᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ᠄ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ
ᠠ᠊ 'A ' ᠦᠯᠦ
ᠢ᠊ i i -i hee -een
ᠤ᠊ u u ᠤᠰᠤᠨ
ᠡ᠊ e e ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ
ᠣ᠊ o o ᠣᠩᠭᠣᠴᠠ
ᠬᠠ᠊ qa q ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ
ᠬᠠ᠊ ཁྭ xa x ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠄ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ
ᠾᠸᠠ᠊ ཧྭ fa f
ᠭᠠ᠊ gga
᠊ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠡ᠋ ee ee ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ
᠊ᠸᠠ᠊ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ wa w
᠊ᠶᠠ᠊ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ya y
ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠲᠡ
ᠲᠠ᠊ tta tt षट् पारमिता
ᠲᠠ᠊ ttha tth प्रतिष्ठित
ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠊ dda dd दण्डय
ᠨᠠ᠊ nna nn पुण्य; उष्णीष
᠊ᠷ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ra r मुद्रा
ᠷ᠊ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ra r སངས་རྒྱས
ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠦ ^ संहत


ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

  1. ᠳ᠋᠊᠂ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠵᠠᠯᠰᠦᠷᠦᠩ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠃ 1974
  2. ᠯ᠊᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠃ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ