ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ (ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠨ ᠺᠠᠪᠧᠯ) ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠠᠨᠴᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠭᠥᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠫᠲ᠋ᠢᠺ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠥᠷᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠃^[1]


align: top	ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠯᠠᠰᠧᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ

ᠬᠢᠴᠡ


align: top	ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ (core)᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ (cladding᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ)᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ (buffer coating) ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠨᠳᠧᠺᠰ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠠᠨᠴᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃^[2]

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠷᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ.ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠬᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠺᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠯᠢᠴᠠᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠣ᠋ ᠍ ᠳᠦᠶᠢᠯᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠷᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠧᠮᠣᠳᠦᠶᠢᠯᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠺᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠃^[3]

ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ 80-100 km ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ (repeaters) ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠦ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ (optical amplifier) ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ erbium᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ytterbium ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃^[4]

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ 〔〔ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ〕〕 ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ 〔〔ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨᠺ ᠤᠨ|ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ〕〕 ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠴᠣᠷᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃^[5]

ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃^[6] ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠺᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠱᠤᠤᠳᠤᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠣᠩᠭᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠦᠰᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠤᠬᠤᠴᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠢᠨᠵᠧᠨᠧᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠺᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠄

Transatlantic᠄ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠲᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

Transpacific᠄ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠦᠢᠰᠲᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠄ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ – ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ – ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ᠄ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ – ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠺᠠ – ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠃

ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠲᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠄ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠠᠯ᠄

ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠲᠧᠯᠧᠸᠢᠽ᠂ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠡᠲ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃^[7]
ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠯᠠᠽᠧᠷ ᠮᠡᠰᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ᠂ MRI᠂ CT ᠰᠺᠠᠨᠧᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃^[8]
ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠫᠷᠣᠼᠧᠰᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠫᠣᠷᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠺᠣᠨᠼᠧᠷᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠵᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠸᠢᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠧᠷᠸᠧᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠣᠴᠣᠷᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠨᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠼᠢ᠂ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠣᠨᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

↑ Thomas G. Giallorenzi, Joseph Bucaro, Anthony Dandridge, John H. Cole. Optical Fiber Sensors Challenge the Competition. Research Gate 1986/09. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260689228_Optical-fiber_sensors_challenge_the_competition_Resistance_to_corrosion_and_immunity_to_interference_head_the_list_of_benefits_in_detecting_stimuli_ranging_from_pressure_to_magnetism
↑ Craig Freudenrich, Chris Pollette. How Fiber Optics Work. How Stuff Works 2022/07/29 https://computer.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic1.htm
↑ Maxime Fazilleau. What Makes Optical Fibre Immune To EMI. Tiny Green PC 2017/01/23. https://www.tinygreenpc.com/blog/optical-fibre-immune-to-electromagnetic-interference/#:~:text=Fibre%20optic%20cables%20are%20non᠂electrical%20noise%20in%20the%20environment.
↑ Dual-Clad Erbium/Ytterbium Doped Fiber. New Port 2013/11/08᠃ https://www.newport.com/medias/sys᠎master/images/images/h2b/h58/8797089038366/Dual-Clad-Erbium-Ytterbium-Doped-Fiber.pdf
↑ Fibre optic vs satellite: What’s the difference? Airband 2022/11/24. https://www.airband.co.uk/fibre-optic-vs-satellite-difference/#:~:text=Fibre%20broadband%20is%20far%20better,disruption%20in%20the%20satellite's%20communications%2C
↑ Nitin Abbey. Fibre vs. satellite: Which is a better approach for rural connectivity? STL 2022/11/30. https://www.stl.tech/blog/fibre-vs-satellite-which-is-a-better-approach-for-rural-connectivity
↑ Ben Hamlitsch. The Role of Fiber Optic Cables in Computer Networking. True Fiber 2023/01/10. https://www.truefiber.com/blogs/fiber-forum/the-role-of-fiber-optic-cables-in-computer-networking
↑ Ronald Sroka. Optical Fibers in Medical Technology. Photonics News No 79, ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2023/04/12. https://www.lasercomponents.com/de-en/news/optical-fibers-in-medical-technology

[1] Thomas G. Giallorenzi, Joseph Bucaro, Anthony Dandridge, John H. Cole. Optical Fiber Sensors Challenge the Competition. Research Gate 1986/09. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260689228_Optical-fiber_sensors_challenge_the_competition_Resistance_to_corrosion_and_immunity_to_interference_head_the_list_of_benefits_in_detecting_stimuli_ranging_from_pressure_to_magnetism

[2] Craig Freudenrich, Chris Pollette. How Fiber Optics Work. How Stuff Works 2022/07/29 https://computer.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic1.htm

[3] Maxime Fazilleau. What Makes Optical Fibre Immune To EMI. Tiny Green PC 2017/01/23. https://www.tinygreenpc.com/blog/optical-fibre-immune-to-electromagnetic-interference/#:~:text=Fibre%20optic%20cables%20are%20non᠂electrical%20noise%20in%20the%20environment.

[4] Dual-Clad Erbium/Ytterbium Doped Fiber. New Port 2013/11/08᠃ https://www.newport.com/medias/sys᠎master/images/images/h2b/h58/8797089038366/Dual-Clad-Erbium-Ytterbium-Doped-Fiber.pdf

[5] Fibre optic vs satellite: What’s the difference? Airband 2022/11/24. https://www.airband.co.uk/fibre-optic-vs-satellite-difference/#:~:text=Fibre%20broadband%20is%20far%20better,disruption%20in%20the%20satellite's%20communications%2C

[6] Nitin Abbey. Fibre vs. satellite: Which is a better approach for rural connectivity? STL 2022/11/30. https://www.stl.tech/blog/fibre-vs-satellite-which-is-a-better-approach-for-rural-connectivity

[7] Ben Hamlitsch. The Role of Fiber Optic Cables in Computer Networking. True Fiber 2023/01/10. https://www.truefiber.com/blogs/fiber-forum/the-role-of-fiber-optic-cables-in-computer-networking

[8] Ronald Sroka. Optical Fibers in Medical Technology. Photonics News No 79, ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2023/04/12. https://www.lasercomponents.com/de-en/news/optical-fibers-in-medical-technology

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

ᠬᠢᠴᠡ

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ

ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ

ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ