Кварк
ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋
ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋
ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠧᠯᠯ-ᠮᠠᠨᠨ (Murray Gell-Mann) ᠠᠩᠬ ᠠ 1963 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠧᠢᠢᠮᠰ ᠵᠣᠢᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ (James Joyce) 《ᠹᠢᠨᠨᠡᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ》ᠵᠥᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠦ Three quarks for Muster Mark! ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃
ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠋ᠳᠠᠷᠲ
ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ
ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ
ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷᠲ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ᠃
ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂ ᠨᠧᠦᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ
ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ᠄ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ (ᠦᠨᠡᠷ) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ 1⁄3᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ 2⁄3 ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃
ᠰᠫᠢᠨ: ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠸᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ +ħ/2 ᠪᠣᠶᠣ −ħ/2 ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠠᠠᠪᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ-½ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃[1]
ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ (ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ᠂ ᠭᠣᠶᠣ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ) W ᠪᠣᠽᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠬᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ (ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ) ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ (ᠠᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ) ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ
ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ
ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠄ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠶ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠯᠦ᠋ᠶᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠲᠡᠶ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠻᠷᠣᠮᠣᠳᠢᠨᠠᠮᠢᠻ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃
ᠮᠠᠰᠰ᠄ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠮᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠸᠡᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠯᠦ᠋ᠶᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠠ᠃
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ
ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ
ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ
| ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ..... |
ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ | ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ([[|Electronvolt (mass)|MeV/c2]])* | J | B | Q ([[|elementary charge|e]]) | I3 | C | S | T | B′ | ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ............. |
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ | ||||||||||||
| ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ | u | 2.3±0.7 ± 0.5 | 1/2 | +1/3 | +2/3 | +1/2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ |
ū |
| ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ | d | 4.8±0.5±0.3 | 1/2 | +1/3 | −1/3 | −1/2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ |
ƌ |
| ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ | ||||||||||||
| ᠭᠣᠶᠤ | c | 1275±25 | 1/2 | +1/3 | +2/3 | 0 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠭᠣᠶᠤ |
ċ |
| ᠭᠠᠵᠢ | s | 95±5 | 1/2 | +1/3 | −1/3 | 0 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 0 | ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ |
ṡ |
| ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ | ||||||||||||
| ᠲᠠᠭ | t | 173210±510±710 | 1/2 | +1/3 | +2/3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +1 | 0 | ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠭ |
ṫ |
| ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ | b | 4180±30 | 1/2 | +1/3 | −1/3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1 | ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ |
ƃ |
ᠦᠩᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ
ᠮᠣᠮᠧᠨᠲ, B = ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠶᠣᠨ ᠤ
ᠲᠣᠭᠠ, Q = ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ
ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ, I3 = ᠢᠰᠣᠰᠫᠢᠨ, C = ᠭᠣᠶᠤ
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ, S = ᠭᠠᠵᠢ
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ, T = ᠲᠠᠭ
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ, B′ = ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ
ᠡᠬᠢ
ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ
ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ
ᠦᠭᠡᠰ
- ↑ {cock{cite book|author=F. Close|title=The New Cosmic Onion|pages=80–90|publisher=[[|CRC Press]]|year=2006|isbn=1-58488-798-2
- ↑ {{cite journal |author1=K.A. Olive |displayauthors=etal |collaboration=[[|Particle Data Group]] |title=Review of Particle Physics |journal=[[|Chinese Physics C]] |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=090001 |year=2014 |bibcode=2014ChPhC..38i0001O |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/38/9/090001