ᠴᠥᠮ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ
ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ Засварлах
ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ 10 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠢ᠃
ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠦᠰᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠪᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠰᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠌ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ Засварлах
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ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ [[ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠡ᠋]] ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷtemperature ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯmolecule ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢenergy ᠢᠢ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠮ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃[1]
ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨuranium ᠬᠡᠢ (U-235, U-233) ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ [2]
ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠧᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠹ᠊ᠯᠦ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋tetrafluoride ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃[3]
ᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠰᠮᠠ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠷᠧᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃
ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠮᠦᠢ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠶ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃
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ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠷ (quartz) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ Засварлах
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ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠡᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠤᠨᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠾᠧᠯᠢ-3 (He-3) ᠪᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢdeuterium (D) ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃[4]
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨelectron᠂ ᠢᠣᠨ᠍ion ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠰᠮᠠplasma ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠰᠮᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃[4]
ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠰᠮᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠻᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨsynchrotron ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠰᠮᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃[5]
ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠥ᠋ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ (RF) ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠰᠮᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃[6]
ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃
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ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠄
- ᠳ᠋ᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠢ + ᠲᠷᠢᠲᠢᠢtritium (D + T) ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ:
2H + 3H = 4He + n +17.6 MeV
ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠳᠠ᠃
ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠧ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠍neutron ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠱᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠻᠣᠧᠹᠹᠢᠼᠢᠶᠧᠨ᠍ᠲcoefficient ᠌ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
- ᠳ᠋ᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠢ + ᠾᠧᠯᠢᠢ-3 ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ:
2H + 3He = 4He + p +18.3 MeV
ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠪᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠾᠧᠯᠢ-3 ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠪᠤᠷ᠂ ᠦᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠃
ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ᠂ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠷᠧᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷreactor ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠥᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
- ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ:
ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳ᠋ᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ
D + D —> 3He + n + 3.3 MeV
D + D —> T + p+ 4 MeV
ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠍ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
p + 6Li → 4He (1,7 MeV) + 3He (2,3 MeV)
3He + 6Li → 2 4He + p + 16,9 MeV
p + 11B → 3 4He + 8,7 MeV
ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠤᠨ ion ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠌ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠤᠷᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ Засварлах
ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ - nuclear engine - ядерный двигатель
ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ - nuclear reaction -ядерная реакция
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ - radiation - радиация
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠦ - radioactive - радиоактивный
ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠡ᠋ - working mass - рабочее тело
ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ - solid-core reactor - твердофазный ядерный ракетный двигатель
ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ - liquid-core reactor - жидкофазный ядерный ракетный двигатель
ᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ - gas-core reactor - газофазный ядерный ракетный двигатель
ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ - fission - ядерная реакция деления
ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ - fusion - ядерная реакция синтеза
ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ - thermonuclear reaction - термоядерная реакция
ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢ - magnetic confinement - магнитное удержание
ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ - specific impulse - удельный импульс
ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ - specific thrust - удельная тяга
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ Засварлах
- ↑ https://www.popmech.ru/technologies/13946-zvezdnye-korabli Популярная механика. Игорь Егоров. Термоядерные ракетные двигатели: будущее космонавтики? ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/05
- ↑ https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/strg/nstrf_2018/Understanding_and_Improving_Gas_Core_Nuclear_Rocket_Fissioning/ Rittu Raju. Understanding and Improving Gas Core Nuclear Rocket Fissioning Fuel Confinement, Stability, and Heat Transfer Through Modeling and Validation Experiments. 2018. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/12
- ↑ https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6630912 Mikhail M. Gurfink. Gas core nuclear thermal rocket engine research and development in the former USSR. 1992. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/12
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2018-4769 Stephanie J. Thomas, Michael Paluszek, Samuel A. Cohen, Alexander Glasser. Nuclear and Future Flight Propulsion - Modeling the Thrust of the Direct Fusion Drive. 2018. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/10
- ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576514003154 Yosef S.Razin, Gary Pajer, Mary Breton, Eric Ham, Joseph Mueller, Michael Paluszek, Alan H.Glasser, Samuel A. Cohen. Acta Astronautica. A direct fusion drive for rocket propulsion. 2014. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/12/10
- ↑ https://www.psatellite.com/direct-fusion-drive-quad-chart/ Direct Fusion Drive for Solar System Exploration. 2015. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/10