ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ

ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠳ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠣᠷᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠡᠷ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠯᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃
ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠢ (ᠻᠰᠧᠨᠣᠨ᠎^xenon᠂ ᠠᠷᠭᠣᠨ^᠎argon ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ)᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃^[1]

ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠲ᠋ᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃

ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠦᠰ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠣᠳᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃^[2]

ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ‍ ‍ᠦ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ᠂ ᠴᠥᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠯᠠᠽᠧᠷ^laser ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ

ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠢᠭ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ᠃
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ NASA

ᠲᠣᠣᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠳ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠢᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ^{gridded ion engine} ᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠰᠧᠨᠣᠨ᠎^xenon ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠻᠰᠧᠨᠣᠨ᠎ ᠬᠡᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠻᠠᠲᠣᠳ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ^electron ᠧᠮᠢᠰᠰ^emission ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠡᠢ ‍ᠡ᠋᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠣᠳ᠋^anode ᠪᠠᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠧᠯᠡᠻᠲᠷᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠨᠣᠳ᠋ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠻᠰᠧᠨᠣᠨ᠎ ᠬᠡᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ^atom ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠣᠨ᠍ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠽᠮᠠ^plasma ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃

ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠽᠮᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ (+) ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠻᠦᠯᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠥᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠧᠸᠲᠣᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍‍ᠢᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃

ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠰᠥᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠢᠯᠬᠦ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠳ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲᠷᠣᠨ᠎ ᠱᠦᠷᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃^[3]

ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠥᠨ᠍ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠤᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ^[4]

ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠳᠦ᠄

ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ SERT I (Space Electric Rocket Test I)᠂

ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ Метеор ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃^[4]
᠋

ᠾᠣᠯᠯ ᠧᠹᠹᠧᠻᠲ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ

ᠪᠣᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠰᠦᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠃ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃

ᠾᠣᠯᠯ ᠧᠹᠹᠧᠻᠲ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ^{Hall-Effect Thruster} ‍ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠠᠨᠣᠳ᠋^anode᠂ ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠽᠮᠠ^plasma ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠳ᠋^cathode ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠋᠃^[5]

ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠎ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠬᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠳ᠋ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃

ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠻᠰᠧᠨᠣᠨ  ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃

ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠣᠨ᠍ᠵᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃^[6]

ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠾᠣᠯᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ (ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠯᠣᠷᠧᠨ᠍ᠼ^Lorentz ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ)᠃

ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠣᠨ᠍ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠢᠣᠨ᠍ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠳ᠋ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠎ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠳ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ‍‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃^[7]

ᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠡᠩ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠢ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ

ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ - gridded ion engine (GIE) - электростатический ионный двигатель

ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ - electric propulsion - электрическая тяга

ᠢᠥᠨ᠍ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ - ionisation - ионизация

ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ - acceleration - ускорение

ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ - neutralisation - нейтрализация

ᠾᠣᠯᠯ ᠧᠹᠹᠧᠻᠲ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ - Hall-effect thruster - двигатель на эффекте Холла

ᠫ᠊ᠯᠠᠽᠮᠠ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ - plasma chamber - плазменная камера

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

↑ https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/What_is_Electric_propulsion The European Space Agency. What is Electric Propulsion? ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/19
↑ https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=13405813666529688188&hl=en&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5 Laser-Powered Interstellar Probe. G Landis - APS Bulletin, 1991. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/25
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070915023928/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/fs08grc.html NASA. Innovative Engines. Glenn Ion Propulsion Research Tames the Challenges of 21st Century Space Travel. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/24
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 https://epic-src.eu/wp-content/uploads/06_EPICLectureSeries2017_QinetiQ_GIE_EPIC-Lecture-Series-2017.pdf Jaime Perez Luna. Gridded IOn Engines. 2017. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/24
↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/hall-thrusters ScienceDirect. Hall Thrusters. 2018. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/24
↑ https://www.permanent.com/space-transportation-electric.html#how-russ Electric Propulsion for Inter-Orbital Vehicles. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/25
↑ Ходоненко, В. П., Хромов А. В. Корректирующие двигательные установки для малого космического аппарата // Вопросы электромеханики. — 2009.

[1] ttps://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/What_is_Electric_propulsion The European Space Agency. What is Electric Propulsion? ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/19

[2] ttps://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=13405813666529688188&hl=en&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5 Laser-Powered Interstellar Probe. G Landis - APS Bulletin, 1991. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/25

[3] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20070915023928/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/fs08grc.html NASA. Innovative Engines. Glenn Ion Propulsion Research Tames the Challenges of 21st Century Space Travel. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/24

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 https://epic-src.eu/wp-content/uploads/06_EPICLectureSeries2017_QinetiQ_GIE_EPIC-Lecture-Series-2017.pdf Jaime Perez Luna. Gridded IOn Engines. 2017. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/24

[5] ttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/hall-thrusters ScienceDirect. Hall Thrusters. 2018. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/24

[6] ttps://www.permanent.com/space-transportation-electric.html#how-russ Electric Propulsion for Inter-Orbital Vehicles. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/01/25

[7] Ходоненко, В. П., Хромов А. В. Корректирующие двигательные установки для малого космического аппарата // Вопросы электромеханики. — 2009.

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