ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ
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ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠩ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃[1]
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ᠂ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠲᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠲᠡᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ 40000 ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃[2]
ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ 35786 km ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ 250 ms ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ 550 km ᠥᠨᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ[3]᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ Ku ᠪᠠ Ka ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ E ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠍ᠨ᠍ᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃[4]
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ 260 kg ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠷᠦᠦᠲ᠋ᠧᠷrouter ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠍ᠨ᠍ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠤᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠪᠠᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠠᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠻᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠍ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠾᠣᠯᠯ ᠧᠹᠹᠧᠻᠲ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷHall-Effect Thruster ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃[5]
ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠍ᠨ᠍ᠠ᠂ Wi-Fi ᠷᠦᠦᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ 50-150 Mbps᠂ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ 50-150 Mbps ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠌ᠧᠨ᠍ᠨ᠍ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠭᠢᠩᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃[5]
SpaceX ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷ ᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠯᠠᠰᠧᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠷlaser ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ауᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠧᠢᠢᠲ᠋ᠸᠠᠢgateway ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠣᠯᠨᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠨ ᠻᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠧᠢᠢᠲ᠋ᠸᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ 800 km ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠵᠧᠨᠧᠷ ᠦᠳ ᠯᠠᠰᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠣᠢᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃[6]
ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ 2022 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ 32 ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃[7] ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠽᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋᠂ ᠮᠧᠻᠰᠢᠻᠣ᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠧ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠮᠢᠨᠢᠻᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠷᠠᠽᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ᠍᠂ ᠰᠧᠷᠪ᠂ ᠪᠣᠰᠨᠢᠢ᠌ᠠ ᠾᠧᠷᠼᠧᠭᠣᠸᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠨᠧᠭᠷᠣ᠂ ᠮᠣᠯᠳᠣᠸ᠂ ᠢᠰᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋᠂ ᠨᠣᠷᠸᠧᠭ᠂ ᠰᠸᠧᠳ᠋᠂ ᠹᠢᠨ᠍ᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋᠂ ᠧᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠯᠥᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃[1]
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ 2022 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ 21 ᠳ᠋ᠤ Starlink Services Mongolia ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ SpaceX ᠦᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠽᠨᠧᠰ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠯ[8] Lauren Ashley Dreyer ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[9]
ᠰᠥᠷᠭᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ
ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠳᠤ Square Kilometer Area (SKA) ᠢᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ 197 ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠤ 2020 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠴᠠᠴᠤᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠡᠲ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠣᠳᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃[10]
ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠫᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 2020 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠍ ᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 27 ᠍ ᠳᠤ ᠧᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠦᠰᠻ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠪᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃[11] 2020 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠍ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 15 ᠍ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ Starlink ᠍ ᠦᠨ 200 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 2021 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠍ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ 31% ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ (IAU) 2022 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠍ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ Starlink ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠥᠷᠭᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃[12]
IAU 2022 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 6 ᠍ ᠳᠦᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠥᠷᠭᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠸᠪᠰᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠥᠷᠭᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃[13]
NASA ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠭ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠦᠰᠳᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
SpaceX ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠮ᠂ 210 ᠺᠢᠯᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠼ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨᠭᠣᠩ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠼ 400 ᠺᠢᠯᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠮᠥᠨ SpaceX ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ Starlink ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ 100᠂000 ᠍ ᠳᠦ 1 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠮᠠᠲ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ. ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠥᠭᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ SpaceX ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
SpaceX ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠵᠡᠢ. ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃[14]
ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠽᠣᠨozone ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠦᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠢᠢ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃[15]
ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ
SpaceX ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠥᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠂ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠭᠠᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠩᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠩᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ 50 ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠳᠣᠯᠯᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ISP ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃[2]
ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ
ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ - искусственный спутник - satellite
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Starlink. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2022/03/05. Starlink. https://www.starlink.com/
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Michael Kan. What Is Starlink? SpaceX's Much-Hyped Satellite Internet Service Explained. 2022/02/10. PCMag. https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/what-is-starlink-spacex-satellite-internet-service-explained
- ↑ Eric Betz. How do spaceX's Starlink satellites actually work? 2021/06/24. Astronomy. https://astronomy.com/news/2021/06/how-do-starlink-satellites-actually-work
- ↑ International Bureau. FCC Selected Application Listing. 2022. Federal Communications Commission. https://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/ib/forms/reports/swr031b.hts?q_set=V_SITE_ANTENNA_FREQ.file_numberC/File%20Number/=/SATLOA2016111500118&prepare=&column=V_SITE_ANTENNA_FREQ.file_numberC/
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Guest Contributor. What is Starlink and how does it work? 2022/02/02. DigitalTrends. https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/what-is-starlink/
- ↑ How Do SpaceX's Starlink Satellites Actually Work? 2021/06/28. Discover magazine. https://www.discovermagazine.com/technology/how-do-spacexs-starlink-satellites-actually-work
- ↑ Stan Schroeder. SpaceX's Starlink internet is now available in 32 countries. Mashable. 2022/05/13. https://mashable.com/article/spacex-starlink-32-countries
- ↑ Baylor University. School of Engineering and Computer Science. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2022/07/28. https://www.ecs.baylor.edu/index.php?id=962390
- ↑ ᠪ᠂ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦᠨᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ᠃ ᠧᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠦᠰᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠨᠡ᠃ 2022/05/10᠃ https://news.mn/r/2554388/
- ↑ Daniel Clery. Starlink already threatens optical astronomy. Now, radio astronomers are worried. Science. 2020/10/09. https://www.science.org/content/article/starlink-already-threatens-optical-astronomy-now-radio-astronomers-are-worried#:~:text=This%20week%2C%20SKA%20released%20an,a%20key%20marker%20in%20cosmology.
- ↑ Stephen Clerk. SpaceX to debut satellite-dimming sunshade on Starlink launch next month. Spaceflight Now. 2020/04/28. https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/04/28/spacex-to-debut-satellite-dimming-sunshade-on-starlink-launch-next-month/
- ↑ Jeff Foust. New center to coordinate work to mitigate effect of satellite constellations on astronomy. Spacenews 2022/02/05. https://spacenews.com/new-center-to-coordinate-work-to-mitigate-effect-of-satellite-constellations-on-astronomy/
- ↑ Alexandra Witze. ‘Unsustainable’: how satellite swarms pose a rising threat to astronomy. Nature 2022/05/26. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01420-9
- ↑ Mark Zastrow. SpaceX defends Starlink over collision concerns. Astronomy 2022/02/25. https://astronomy.com/news/2022/02/spacex-defends-starlink-over-collision-concerns
- ↑ Tereza Pultarova. Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0. Space 2021/06/07. https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere