ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠢᠶ᠋᠋ᠡᠷ ᠢᠶ᠋᠋ᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶ᠋᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠣᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷ ᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍᠋ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠹᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠶ᠋᠋ᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠻᠣᠷᠷᠢᠯᠠᠼ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠂ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠂ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭ (0) ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ 1/2 ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ ᠲᠡᠭ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ (ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ) ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ” ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ “ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠢ” ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ (ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ) ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠶ᠋᠋ᠮᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ
ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ - quantum
ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ - elementary/fundamental particle
ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ - wave
ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ - wave-particle duality
ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ - uncertainty principle
ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠯ - superposition
ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ - entanglement
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ - quantization