ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ
ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋
ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠋ᠳᠠᠷᠲ
ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ
ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠧᠯᠯ-ᠮᠠᠨᠨ(Murray Gell-Mann) ᠠᠩᠬ ᠠ 1963 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠧᠢᠢᠮᠰ ᠵᠣᠢᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ (James Joyce) 《ᠹᠢᠨᠨᠡᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ》ᠵᠥᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠦ Three quarks for Muster Mark! ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃
ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠨᠢ e/3 ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠾᠠᠲᠷᠣᠨ᠍hadron ᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠯᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠾᠠᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨ᠍ᠢ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂ ᠨᠧᠦᠲ᠋᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂ ᠨᠧᠦᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ᠄ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ (ᠦᠨᠡᠷ) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ 1⁄3᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ 2⁄3 ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃
ᠰᠫᠢᠨ: ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠸᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ +ħ/2 ᠪᠣᠶᠣ −ħ/2 ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠠᠠᠪᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ-½ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃[1]
ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ (ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ᠂ ᠭᠣᠶᠣ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ) W ᠪᠣᠽᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠬᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ (ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ) ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ (ᠠᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ) ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ
ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠄ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠶ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠯᠦ᠋ᠶᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠲᠡᠶ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠻᠷᠣᠮᠣᠳᠢᠨᠠᠮᠢᠻ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃
ᠮᠠᠰᠰ᠄ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠮᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠸᠡᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠯᠦ᠋ᠶᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠠ᠃
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ
| ᠨᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶ ᠠ᠋ |
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠥᠭᠰᠢ | ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶ ᠠ᠋ |
ᠭᠣᠶᠤ | ᠭᠠᠵᠢ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶ ᠠ᠋ |
ᠲᠠᠭ | ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ | u | d | c | s | t | b | |||
| ᠮᠠᠰᠰ (MeV/c2)* | 2.3±0.7 ± 0.5 | 4.8±0.5±0.3 | 1275±25 | 95±5 | 173210±510±710 | 4180±30 | |||
| J | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | |||
| B | +1/3 | +1/3 | +1/3 | +1/3 | +1/3 | +1/3 | |||
| Q (e) | +2/3 | -1/3 | +2/3 | -1/3 | +2/3 | -1/3 | |||
| I3 | +1/2 | +1/2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| C | 0 | 0 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| S | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +1 | 0 | |||
| B′ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | |||
| ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ |
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ |
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ |
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠭᠣᠶᠤ |
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ |
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠭ |
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ | |||
| ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ |
ū | d̄ | c̄ | s̄ | t̄ | b̄ |
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄
J ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠦᠩᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠮᠧᠨᠲ
B ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠶᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ
Q ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ
I3 ᠨᠢ ᠢᠰᠣᠰᠫᠢᠨ
C ᠨᠢ ᠭᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ
S/ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ
T ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ
B' ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ
MeV/c2 ᠨᠢ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠸᠣᠯᠲ᠋ (ᠮᠠᠰᠰ)
e ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ
ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ
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ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ
кварк
кваркийн онол
эгэл бөөмс
quarks
elementary particles
quantum mechanics
ᠺᠸᠠᠷᠺ
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ
- ↑ F. Close (2006). The New Cosmic Onion. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-58488-798-0