"ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ (засварлах)
00:23, 8 Арваннэгдүгээр сар 2023-ий байдлаарх засвар
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ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠦᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | '''ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ''' ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠦᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠲᠠ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠬᠥᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠲᠠ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠬᠥᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ||
| 28-р мөр: | 28-р мөр: | ||
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ᠯᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ)᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠳᠣᠩ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ᠯᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ)᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠳᠣᠩ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ | ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ<sup>Xiajiadian upper culture</sup>” (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 1000 – 600 ᠣᠨ) ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ” ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 1300–300 ᠣᠨ) ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃<ref>Зорикто Мункин. Первые кочевники Забайкалья. Долина Кижинги 2013/09/20. https://web.archive.org/web/20140525201425/http://kizhinga.ru/index.php/mn/about-kizhinga/106-kray/3211-2013-09-20-01-55-15</ref> | ||
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ<ref>Shimunek᠂ Andrew (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family᠂ with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10855-3. https://www.worldcat.org/title/993110372</ref> ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ<ref>Shimunek᠂ Andrew (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family᠂ with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10855-3. https://www.worldcat.org/title/993110372</ref> ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ||
| 74-р мөр: | 74-р мөр: | ||
ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ Qin ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 221–206 ᠣᠨ) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 202 – 9 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ Lu Wan ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Lu Wan 195 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠤᠪᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠭᠳᠣᠭ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠶ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ 1000 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <ref>Yan State. Academic Accelerator. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2023/10/24 ᠃ https://academic-accelerator.com/encyclopedia/yan-state</ref> ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢ Sima Qian (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 145 – 86 ᠣᠨ) ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ <ref>C. Keith Hansley. Lu Wan—A Childhood Friend Of Emperor Gaozu Who Abandoned The Han Dynasty And Became A Nomadic Ruler</ref> Lu Wan ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 194 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠦ Lu Tuozhi ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 144 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠾᠧᠦ (hóu᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ) ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ Qin ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 221–206 ᠣᠨ) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 202 – 9 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ Lu Wan ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Lu Wan 195 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠤᠪᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠭᠳᠣᠭ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠶ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ 1000 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <ref>Yan State. Academic Accelerator. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2023/10/24 ᠃ https://academic-accelerator.com/encyclopedia/yan-state</ref> ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢ Sima Qian (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 145 – 86 ᠣᠨ) ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ <ref>C. Keith Hansley. Lu Wan—A Childhood Friend Of Emperor Gaozu Who Abandoned The Han Dynasty And Became A Nomadic Ruler</ref> Lu Wan ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 194 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠦ Lu Tuozhi ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 144 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠾᠧᠦ (hóu᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ) ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ||
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 45 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠳᠣᠩ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 87 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋᠋ᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ 93 ᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 100000 ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ.᠃ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 45 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠳᠣᠩ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 87 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋᠋ᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ 93 ᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 100000 ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ.᠃ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠯᠢᠩ<sup>Dingling</sup> ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ 95 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃<ref>Crespigny᠂ Rafe de (2007)᠂ A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms᠂ Brill</ref> | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
===ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ=== | ===ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ=== | ||
| 88-р мөр: | 88-р мөр: | ||
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋᠋ᠢᠨ (Tánshíhuái; 141 - 181 ᠣᠨ) ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠴᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋᠋ᠢᠨ (Tánshíhuái; 141 - 181 ᠣᠨ) ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠴᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠲᠠᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤᠸᠠᠢ 155 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤᠸᠠᠢ 166 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠠᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤᠸᠠᠢ 155 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤᠸᠠᠢ 166 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠦᠨ<sup>Wusun</sup>᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠯᠢᠩ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠲᠠ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠰᠰᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠻᠠᠰᠫᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>Grousset᠂ Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp᠃ 53–54. ISBN 978-0-8135-1304-1. https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/52/mode/2up</ref><ref>“Nomads in Central Asia.” N. Ishjamts. In: History of civilizations of Central Asia᠂ Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D᠃ 250. Harmatta᠂ János᠂ ed.᠂ 1994. Paris: UNESCO Publishing᠂ pp᠃ 155–156.</ref> | ||
ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ||
| 94-р мөр: | 94-р мөр: | ||
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ 235 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ 235 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ||
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠰᠡᠯᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ Wei (386–535 ᠣᠨ) ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠨ Yuan ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ (Rouran) ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ (330 – 555 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠰᠡᠯᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ Wei (386–535 ᠣᠨ) ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠨ Yuan ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ (Rouran) ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ (330 – 555 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠣᠩ<sup>Mùróng</sup> ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ (284–670 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ 3 ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ (907 - 1125 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ (907 - 1125 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ||
| 117-р мөр: | 117-р мөр: | ||
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ (93-234 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ (93-234 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠿᡆᡇᠿᠠᠨ<sup>Róurán</sup> (ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠨ)᠂ ᠲᠦᠸᠧ<sup>Tuòbá</sup> (ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ)᠂ ᠮᠦᠷᠥ᠋ᠩ<sup>Mùróng</sup>᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠸᠠᠨ<sup>Duàn</sup>᠂ ᠴᠢᠹᠦ<sup>Qǐfú</sup> ᠂ ᠲᠦᠹᠠ<sup>Tūfǎ</sup>᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠢᠦᠢ ᠸᠡᠨ<sup>Yǔwén</sup> ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ||
ᠮᠦᠷᠥ᠋ᠩ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ (284–670 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<ref>ᠳ ∙ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ᠃ Mongolcom 2014/08/16. http://www.mongolcom.mn/kids/id/12406</ref> | ᠮᠦᠷᠥ᠋ᠩ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ (284–670 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<ref>ᠳ ∙ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ᠃ Mongolcom 2014/08/16. http://www.mongolcom.mn/kids/id/12406</ref> | ||
ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ (386–535 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ | ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ (386–535 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ<sup>Yuán</sup> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠿᡆᡇᠿᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ (330–555 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠿᡆᡇᠿᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ (330–555 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠸᠠᠷ<sup>Pannonian Avars</sup> ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠶ᠋᠋ (567 – 822 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ||
ᠴᠢᠹᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠲᠦ Qin ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ (385–400᠂ 409–431 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠹᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠲᠦ Qin ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ (385–400᠂ 409–431 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ||
| 131-р мөр: | 131-р мөр: | ||
ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ (916–1125 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ (916–1125 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠢᠦᠢ ᠸᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠢᠦᠢ ᠸᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ<sup>Shìwéi</sup> ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ (744–840 ᠣᠨ) ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ 20 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᡝᠩᠸᡠ<sup>Měngwù</sup> ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠮᡝᠩᠭᡠ<sup>Měnggǔ</sup> ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᡝᠩᠭᡠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
==ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠵᠦᠢ== | ==ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠵᠦᠢ== | ||
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ C2b1a1b | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ C2b1a1b ᠾᠠᠫᠯᠣᠭᠷᠦ᠋ᠫ<sup>haplogroup</sup> ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠣᠯᠥᠭᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠳᠦ 2018 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠍ ᠳᠦᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠨᠥᠮ<sup>genome</sup> ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>Li᠂ Jiawei; et al᠃ (August 2018)᠃ “The genome of an ancient Rouran individual reveals an important paternal lineage in the Donghu population”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. American Association of Physical Anthropologists᠃ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29681138/</ref> ᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ C2b1a1b ᠾᠠᠫᠯᠣᠭᠷᠦ᠋ᠫ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
==ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ== | ==ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ== | ||