"ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд

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9-р мөр: 9-р мөр:
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ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. LibreText<sup>TM</sup> Chemistry. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2024/09/17. [https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Quantum_Mechanics/02._Fundamental_Concepts_of_Quantum_Mechanics/Heisenberg's_Uncertainty_Principle#:~:text=Heisenberg's%20Uncertainty%20Principle%20is%20one,manifested%20as%20non-commuting%20operators. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Quantum_Mechanics/02._Fundamental_Concepts_of_Quantum_Mechanics/Heisenberg's_Uncertainty_Principle#:~:text=Heisenberg's%20Uncertainty%20Principle%20is%20one,manifested%20as%20non-commuting%20operators.]</ref> ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ 1927 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢ ᠸᠢᠷᠨᠢᠷ ᠾᠠᠢᠢᠰᡝᠨᠪᠢᠷᠭ᠌<sup>Werner Heisenberg</sup> ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ [[ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ|ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ]] ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ [[ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠊ᠤᠳ|ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ]] ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. LibreText<sup>TM</sup> Chemistry. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2024/09/17. [https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Quantum_Mechanics/02._Fundamental_Concepts_of_Quantum_Mechanics/Heisenberg's_Uncertainty_Principle#:~:text=Heisenberg's%20Uncertainty%20Principle%20is%20one,manifested%20as%20non-commuting%20operators. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Quantum_Mechanics/02._Fundamental_Concepts_of_Quantum_Mechanics/Heisenberg's_Uncertainty_Principle#:~:text=Heisenberg's%20Uncertainty%20Principle%20is%20one,manifested%20as%20non-commuting%20operators.]</ref> ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ [[Ньютоны хөдөлгөөний хуулиуд|ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ]] ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ 1927 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢ ᠸᠢᠷᠨᠢᠷ ᠾᠠᠢᠢᠰᡝᠨᠪᠢᠷᠭ᠌<sup>Werner Heisenberg</sup> ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃


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=ᠾᠠᠢᠢᠰᡝᠨᠪᠢᠷᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ=
=ᠾᠠᠢᠢᠰᡝᠨᠪᠢᠷᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ=


ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠠᠲᠢᠻ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ:
ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ:




41-р мөр: 41-р мөр:
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# '''ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ - ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ:''' ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠻᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠤᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ (ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ) ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
# '''ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ - ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ:''' ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ [[Цахилгаан соронзон долгионы хуваарь|ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ]] ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠤᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ (ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ) ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
# '''ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ''': ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ :
# '''ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ''': ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌ :


52-р мөр: 52-р мөр:
https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/uncertainty.html</ref>
https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/uncertainty.html</ref>


# '''ᠦᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ''': ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ (non-determinism) ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠥᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. '''ᠦᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ''': ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ (non-determinism) ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠥᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
# '''ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ''': ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠻᠣᠫᠢᠨ᠍ᠾᠠᠭᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠬᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠦᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
 
4. '''ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ''': ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠻᠣᠫᠢᠨ᠍ᠾᠠᠭᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠬᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠦᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
 




72-р мөр: 74-р мөр:
ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ - uncertainty principle
ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ - uncertainty principle


ᠪᠧᠯᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ - Bell᠋'s inequalities
ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ - inequality


ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ - classical physics
ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ - classical physics
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