ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ
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ᠯᠠᠰᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠦᠯᠠᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ |
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠣᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍᠋ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠡᠳᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ
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ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠫᠾᠣᠲᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠫᠾᠣᠲᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ |
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠹᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃[1]
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠶ᠋᠋ᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠻᠣᠷᠷᠢᠯᠠᠼcorrelation ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠨ᠍ᠲmomentum᠂ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠂ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭ (0) ᠰᠫᠢᠨspin ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ 1/2 ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ ᠲᠡᠭ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ (ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ) ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ” ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ “ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠢ” ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ (ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ) ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠌᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠶ᠋᠋ᠮᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᡝᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ
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ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ᠃
ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ A ᠍ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ B ᠍ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨᠠ᠃ |
ᠧᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ᠍ᠱᠲᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨEinstein᠂ ᠱᠷᠥᠳᠢᠩᠭᠧᠷ ᠦᠨSchrödinger ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠣᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃[2] ᠲᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠧᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ᠍ᠱᠲᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ “ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠲᠬᠢᠮᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ” (spukhafte Fernwirkung)[3] ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠵᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ (correlation) ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃[4][5] ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠣᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃[6]
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨphoton ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠢᠴᠢᠭᠠᠨMichigan ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ 2007ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ 1 m ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃[7][8] ᠵᠢᠨᠢᠸᠠ (ᠰᠸᠢᠴᠧᠷᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋)Geneva (Switzerland) ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ 2008 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ 18 km ᠬᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠸᠠᠻᠦᠦᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ 100000 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ[9][10]᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠦᠰᠲᠷᠢᠶᠠAustria ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ (Optics)᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ 144 km ᠵᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠴᠢᠯᠳᠠᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠰᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠥᠷᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ:
· ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠃
· ᠦᠯᠦ ᠻ᠊ᠯᠥᠨ᠍ᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ (no-cloning theorem) ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠰᠲᠢᠻ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
· ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ (no-communication theorem) ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠡᠮ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳᠠᠩ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ (classical) ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ (classical) ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠢᠵᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ
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ᠠᠯᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠫᠢᠻᠲAlain Aspect ᠍ ᠦᠨ 1981 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠪᠴᠢ᠃ ᠺᠸᠠᠨᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠃ |
ᠠᠯᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠫᠢᠻᠲAlain Aspect᠂ ᠵᠣᠾᠨ ᠻᠯᠠᠦᠰᠢᠷJohn Clauser᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠽᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠨᠭᠡᠷAnton Zeilinger ᠨᠠᠷ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ 2022 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠪᠧᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ (cryptography) ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠣᠾᠨ ᠻᠯᠠᠦᠰᠢᠷJohn Clauser ᠍ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠧᠯᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ (Bell᠋'s inequalities) ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠧᠯᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠻᠣᠷᠷᠧᠯᠠᠼ ᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃[11] ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ (non-local) ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃
ᠠᠯᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠫᠢᠻᠲAlain Aspect ᠍ ᠤᠨ 1980 ᠍ ᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠻᠯᠠᠦᠰᠢᠷ ᠦᠨClauser ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠠᠯᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠫᠢᠻᠲAlain Aspect ᠍ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠪᠧᠯᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠥᠰᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠠᠯᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠫᠢᠻᠲAlain Aspect ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠫᠾᠣᠲᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃[12] ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠪᠧᠯᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ᠂ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠽᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠨᠭᠡᠷAnton Zeilinger ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠢᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ. ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠽᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠨᠭᠡᠷZeilinger ᠍ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠤᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠧᠯᠧᠫᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠠᠼteleportation ᠍ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃[13] ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠥᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ - quantum
ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ - elementary/fundamental particle
ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ - atom
ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠤᠯ - molecule
ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ - wave
ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ - wave-particle duality
ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ - uncertainty principle
ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠯ - superposition
ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ - entanglement
ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ - quantization
ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ - equation
ᠪᠧᠯᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ - Bell᠋'s inequalities
ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ - classical physics
ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - theorem
ᠲᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ - polarisation
ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ - experiment
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ
- ↑ Annals of Physics, 2016 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/physics-and-astronomy/quantum-entanglement
- ↑ Alisa Bokulich, Gregg Jaeger, Philosophy of Quantum Information and Entanglement, Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. xv.
- ↑ Letter from Einstein to Max Born, 3 March 1947; The Born-Einstein Letters; Correspondence between Albert Einstein and Max and Hedwig Born from 1916 to 1955, Walker, New York, 1971. Cited in Hobson, M. P.; et al. (1998). "Quantum Entanglement and Communication Complexity". SIAM J. Comput. 30 (6): 1829–1841.
- ↑ Roger Penrose, The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe, London, 2004, p. 603.
- ↑ Griffiths, David J. (2004), Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.), Prentice Hall, ISBN 978-0-13-111892-8.
- ↑ Siegel, Ethan. "No, We Still Can't Use Quantum Entanglement To Communicate Faster Than Light". Forbes. Retrieved 6 January 2023. https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/01/02/no-we-still-cant-use-quantum-entanglement-to-communicate-faster-than-light/?sh=4377eb9e4d5d
- ↑ Moehring D. L., et al. Entanglement of single-atom quantum bits at a distance // Nature : journal. — 2007. — No. 449. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06118
- ↑ Физики „запутали“ два атома на расстоянии метра друг от друга. Лента.Ру. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2011/09/13. https://lenta.ru/news/2007/09/07/entanglement
- ↑ Salart D., et al. Testing the speed of „spooky action at a distance“// Nature : journal. — 2008. — No. 454.
- ↑ Коняев А. Коты в ящиках и квантовые скорости. Лента.Ру. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2011/09/13.
- ↑ Whitney Clavin. Proving that Quantum Entanglement is Real. Caltech 2022/09/20 https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/proving-that-quantum-entanglement-is-real
- ↑ Aspect experiment. Oxford Reference. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2024/09/02https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095429178
- ↑ Anton Zeilinger. Quantum Teleportation. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften 2007 https://www.oeaw.ac.at/fileadmin/Institute/IQOQI-Vienna/PDF/publications-zeilinger/2007_Quantum_teleportation.pdf