Засварлах: ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ (хэсэгчилэн)

==ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ==
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|style = "height: 110px;"|ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ
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ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ (core)᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ (cladding᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ)᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ (buffer coating) ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠨᠳᠧᠻᠰ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠻᠬᠤᠪᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>Craig Freudenrich, Chris Pollette. How Fiber Optics Work. How Stuff Works 2022/07/29 <nowiki>https://computer.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic1.htm</nowiki></ref>
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ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠬᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠻᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠼᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ<sup>modulate</sup>᠂ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠼᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠧᠮᠣᠳᠦᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠻᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠃<ref>Maxime Fazilleau. What Makes Optical Fibre Immune To EMI. Tiny Green PC 2017/01/23. <nowiki>https://www.tinygreenpc.com/blog/optical-fibre-immune-to-electromagnetic-interference/#:~:text=Fibre%20optic%20cables%20are%20non᠂electrical%20noise%20in%20the%20environment</nowiki>.</ref> 
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ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠌ᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ 80-100 km ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ (repeaters) ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠌ᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ (optical amplifier) ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ erbium᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ytterbium ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<ref>Dual-Clad Erbium/Ytterbium Doped Fiber. New Port 2013/11/08᠃ <nowiki>https://www.newport.com/medias/sys</nowiki>᠎master/images/images/h2b/h58/8797089038366/Dual-Clad-Erbium-Ytterbium-Doped-Fiber.pdf</ref>  
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ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠌ᠨᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠤᠨ<sup>ion</sup> ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ<sup>energy</sup> ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠌ᠨᠠᠯ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭ᠌ᠨᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
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