Засварлах: ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ (хэсэгчилэн)

=ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ=
==ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠣᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠣᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ==
ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠥ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ᠌᠍᠋ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠴᠠ᠊᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠸᠢᠨ (1859) ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠭᠥᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠥ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠬᠣ᠂ ᠥᠷᠡ ᠲᠥᠯ ‍ᠥᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠣ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠥ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬ᠍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠣ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠣᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠥ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠣᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣᠳᠠᠬ᠃<ref>https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/129/084.htm</ref>
===ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠥᠯᠳᠥᠭᠡᠨ===
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠥᠭᠡᠴᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠥᠯᠳᠥᠬᠥ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠥᠯᠳᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠥᠢ᠃<ref>https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/intraspecific-competition</ref>᠎

===ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠥᠯᠳᠥᠭᠡᠨ===
ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠥᠨᠡᠰᠥ᠂ ᠥᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠥᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠡᠭᠥᠷᠯᠡᠬᠥ ᠨᠣᠲᠣᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ‍ᠭᠡᠬᠥᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠥᠭᠡᠴᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ‍ᠥᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠥᠯᠳᠥᠭᠥ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠥᠯᠳᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠥ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/interspecific-competition</ref>

==ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ==
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠪᠦᠯᠭᠦᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠰᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠲᠥᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠦᠯᠭᠦᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠢᠢᠨᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/natural-selection/</ref>

==ᠭᠧᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ==
ᠭᠧᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ (gene flow) ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠭᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠧᠨ᠍ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ<ref>Morjan, Carrie L.; Rieseberg, Loren H. (June 2004). "How species evolve collectively: implications of gene flow and selection for the spread of advantageous alleles". Molecular Ecology. 13 (6): 1341–1356. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02164.x. ISSN 0962-1083. PMC 2600545. PMID 15140081</ref>᠃<br>
ᠭᠧᠨ᠍ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃<br>
==ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠤᠲ᠋ᠠᠼᠢ==
ᠮᠦᠲ᠋ᠠᠼᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠢᠢᠬᠦ (mutation bias) ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠦᠲ᠋ᠠᠼᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃<br>
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠲ᠋ᠠᠼᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃<ref>R. Hershberg and D. A. Petrov (2010). "Evidence that mutation is universally biased towards AT in bacteria". PLoS Genet. 6 (9): e1001115. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001115. PMC 2936535. PMID 20838599</ref>