Засварлах: ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ (хэсэгчилэн)

===ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ===
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|style = "height: 100px;"|ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ
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ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 7 ᠍ ᠳᠦᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
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ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ᠂ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃<ref>Дашибалов Эрдэм Баирович. Древний этап истории монголоязычных народов. Вестник Бурятского Государственного Университета  2014/08. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/drevniy-etap-istorii-mongoloyazychnyh-narodov/viewer</ref>
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ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠥᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠾᠢᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ.<ref>Ma᠂ Changshou (1962). Wuhuan and Xianbei. Shanghai᠂ Shanghai renmin chubanshe.</ref> ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ Zhao᠂ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃
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ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ Zhao ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 403–222 ᠣᠨ) Wuling ᠸᠠᠩ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 325–299 ᠣᠨ) ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠰᠢ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ Zhao ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠰᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠂ ᠣᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠾᠦ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠥᠷᠲᠥᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠷᠰᠢ Wei᠂ Qi ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮ᠂ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦᠩ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ Zhao ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠤᠨᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Wuling ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠥ᠂ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠥᠰᠡ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ <ref>Ulrich Theobald. King Wuling of Zhao. ChinaKnowledge.de -An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History᠂ Literature and Art 2019/03/09. http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Zhou/personszhaowulingwang.html</ref> ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠤᠨᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠦᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ “ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠢ” ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃

ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ Qin Kai ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ‍ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ Qin Kai ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 300 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ Gojoseon ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠠᠬᠦᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>Adam T. Kessler. Empires Beyond the Great Wall: The Heritage of Genghis Khan. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (1993)᠂ p᠃ 44.</ref>
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ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠩᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠳᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠷᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠵᠠ᠃
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