Засварлах: Геологийн цаг тоолол

<small><small>[https://www.facebook.com/groups/MongolianWikipedia/permalink/1988009144747836 <span style="color:blue;">Монгол бичгийн том харагдацтай тигийг (фонт) энэ холбоосоос татаж авна уу</span>]</small></small>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">__TOC__<br>

=<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ=

{| class="wikitable"
!<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋</span>
!<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠷᠢᠨ </span>
!<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ </span>
!<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠠᠯᠴᠤᠩ </span>
!<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯ </span>
!<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ </span>
!<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ</span>
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠢᠨᠦ᠂</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠠᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠵᠢᠯ</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">᠊ᠦᠨ</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋</span>
|-
| rowspan="102" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠹᠠᠨᠧᠷᠣᠽᠥᠶ'''</span> 
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''(ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ'''</span> 

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ)'''</span>
| rowspan="24" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠰᠢᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋'''</span>
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
| rowspan="7" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ'''</span>
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠾᠣᠯᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍</span>
Holocene
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠧᠭᠠᠯᠠᠶ</span>
Meghalayan
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">4.2 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠂ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ CO2 ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ </span>
|0.0042
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠭᠷᠢᠫᠫᠶ</span>
Northgrippian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">8,2 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠾᠣᠯᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ (Holocene) ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋᠃</span>
|0.0082
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠷᠢᠢᠨᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋</span>
Greenlandian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠣᠳᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠭᠧᠷᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ (Doggerland)᠂ ᠰᠦᠨ᠍ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋ (Sundaland) ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠶᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠾᠠᠷᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ (Sahara) ᠴᠥᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨ.᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋  ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ᠃ <span style="color:white;"> ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|0.0117
|-
| rowspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠯᠧᠶᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍</span>
Pleistocene
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠧᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ (Eemian) ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ (Younger Dryas) ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|0.126
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ</span>
|


<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">100 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ᠃ ᠾᠣᠮᠣ ᠰᠠᠫᠢᠶᠧᠨ᠍ᠰ (Homo sapiens) ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃</span>
|0.781
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠠᠯᠠᠪᠷᠶ</span>
Calabrian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠾᠣᠮᠣ ᠧᠷᠧᠻ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠰ (Homo erectus) ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃</span>
|1.8
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠧᠯᠠᠽᠶ</span>
Gelasian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠫᠯᠡᠢᠨᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠼᠧᠨ (Pleistocene) ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠾᠣᠮᠣ ᠾᠠᠪᠢᠯᠢᠰ (Homo habilis) ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠷᠨ᠃</span>
|2.58
|-
| rowspan="8" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠨᠧᠣᠭᠧᠨ᠍'''</span>
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠯᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍</span>
Pliocene
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠢᠶᠠᠼᠧᠨ᠍ᠽᠢ</span>
Piacenzian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠷᠧᠨ᠍ᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ (Greenland) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ (Africa) ᠲᠤ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠥᠫᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠻ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃</span>
|3.6
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠽᠠᠨ᠍ᠻᠯᠧᠶ</span>
Zanclean
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠽᠠᠨ᠍ᠻᠯᠧᠢ (Zanclea) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠷᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ (Africa) ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠳᠢᠫᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠻ (Ardipithecus) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃</span>
|5.333
|-
| rowspan="6" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍</span>
Miocene
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠧᠰᠰᠢᠨᠢ</span>
Messinian
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠧᠰᠰᠢᠨᠢ (Messinia) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠣᠷᠪᠣᠭᠯᠢᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠪ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠱᠣᠷᠪᠣᠭ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ (Antarctica) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠢᠮᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠽᠧ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ (Africa) ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠾᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠋᠍ᠲᠷᠣᠫ ᠲᠴᠠᠳᠧᠨ᠍ᠰᠢᠰ (Sahelanthropus tchadensis) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|7.246
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠣᠷᠲᠣᠨᠢ</span>
Tortonian
|11.63
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠧᠷᠷᠠᠸᠠᠯᠶ</span>
Serravallian
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠳᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ (Middle Miocene disruption) ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<span style="color:white;">᠊</span>
|13.82
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋</span>
Langhian
|15.97
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠦᠷᠳᠢᠭᠠᠯᠶ</span>
Burdigalian
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ  ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ 650 ppmv ᠡᠴᠡ 100 ppmv ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠢᠢᠴᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ (mastodon) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠭᠦᠶ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|20.44
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠻᠦᠢᠲᠠᠨᠶ</span>
Aquitanian
|23.03
|-
| rowspan="9" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠫᠠᠯᠧᠣᠭᠧᠨ᠍'''</span>
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠣᠯᠢᠭᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍</span>
Oligocene
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠴᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢ</span>
Chattian
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ - ᠣᠯᠢᠭᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ (Grande Coupure) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ (Antarctic) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃  <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|28.1
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠷᠦᠫᠧᠯᠶ</span>
Rupelian
|33.9
|-
| rowspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍</span>
Eocene
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠷᠢᠶᠠᠪᠣᠨᠶ</span>
Priabonian
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ (Creodonts, Condylarths, Uintatheres) ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠦᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ (Antarctica) ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠯᠫ (Alps) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠦᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span><br />
|37.8
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠠᠷᠲᠣᠨᠢ</span>
Bartonian
|41.2
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠯᠦᠲᠧᠴᠢ</span>
Lutetian
|47.8
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠢᠫᠷᠧᠽᠢ</span>
Ypresian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ (PETM ᠪᠠ ETM-2)᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠽᠣᠯᠯᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ (Azolla event) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ  ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ 3500 ppm ᠡᠴᠡ 650 ppm ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ᠊ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠾᠢᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢ (Himalaya) ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃<span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|56
|-
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠠᠯᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍</span>
Paleocene
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠾᠠᠨᠧᠼᠢ</span>
Thanetian
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠴᠢᠻᠱᠦ᠋ᠯᠦ᠋ᠪ (Chicxulub) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ''K–Pg'' (ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠳ-ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (dinosaur) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ (ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ)᠃ ᠠᠯᠫ (Alpes) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span><span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">᠊</span>
|59.2
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠢ</span>
Selandian
|61.6
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢ</span>
Danian
|66
|-
| rowspan="30" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ'''</span>
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
| rowspan="12" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠳ'''</span>
| rowspan="6" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠠᠰᠲᠷᠢᠻᠲ</span>
Maastrichtian
| rowspan="12" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ammonoidea)᠂ ᠪᠧᠯᠧᠮᠨᠢᠲ (belemnite)᠂ ᠷᠦᠳᠢᠰᠲ (rudist) ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠦᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠢᠷᠠᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ᠂ ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (Tyrannosaur, Titanosaur)᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠲᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ  ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲᠠᠷ (Eusuchia) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠥ ᠮᠣᠽᠠᠽᠠᠸᠷ (mosasaur)᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠫᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠲᠡᠨ (monotremes)᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ (marsupials)᠂ ᠢᠬᠡᠰᠲᠡᠨ (placental) ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Gondwana) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ (Rocky Mountains) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠡᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|72.1  ± 0.2
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠠᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ</span>
Campanian
|83.6  ± 0.2
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠣᠨᠢ</span>
Santonian
|86.3  ± 0.5
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠣᠨᠠᠴᠢ</span>
Coniacian
|89.8  ± 0.3
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠨᠢ</span>
Turonian
|93.9
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠼᠧᠨᠣᠮᠠᠨᠢ</span>
Cenomanian
|100.5
|-
| rowspan="6" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠷᠲᠡ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠯᠪᠢ</span>
Albian
|~113
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠫᠲ᠋ᠢ</span>
Aptian
|~125
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠠᠷᠷᠡᠮᠢ</span>
Barremian
|~129.4
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠾᠠᠦᠲ᠋ᠧᠲᠢᠤᠢ</span>
Hauterivian
|~132.9
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠸᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨᠢ</span>
Valanginian
|~139.8
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠧᠷᠷᠢᠶᠠᠽᠢ</span>
Berriasian
|~145
|-
| rowspan="11" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠶᠦᠷᠢ'''</span>
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠾᠣᠨᠢ</span>
Tithonian
| rowspan="11" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠮᠦᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠧᠨᠧᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ (benettitale)᠂ ᠼᠢᠻᠠᠳ᠋ (cycad) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠢᠢᠮᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠽᠠᠸᠷᠣᠫᠣᠳ᠋ (sauropod)᠂ ᠻᠠᠷᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (carnosaur)᠂ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠭᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (stegosaur) ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠭᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠢᠻᠲᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (ichthyosaur)᠂ ᠫᠯᠧᠰᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (plesiosaur) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠲ᠋ (ammonite)᠂ ᠪᠧᠯᠧᠮᠨᠢᠲ (belemnite) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ᠂ ᠲᠧᠷᠧᠪᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (terebratulid) ᠪᠠ ᠷᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠻᠣᠨᠧᠯᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (rhynchonellid) ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠭᠧᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ (Pangaea) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Gondwana)᠂ ᠯᠠᠦ᠋ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ (Laurasia) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠧᠸᠠᠳᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ (Nevada) ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠊ᠳᠠᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ 3-4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ (1200–1500 ppmv ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠨᠨ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ+ 400 ppmv ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋)᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|152.1  ± 0.9
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠢᠮᠮᠧᠷᠢᠵᠢ</span>
Kimmeridgian
|157.3  ± 1.0
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠣᠻᠰᠹᠣᠷᠳ᠋</span>
Oxfordian
|163.5  ± 1.0
|-
| rowspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠠᠯᠯᠣᠸᠶ</span>
Callovian
|166.1  ± 1.2
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠠᠲ᠋ᠾᠣᠨᠢ</span>
Bathonian
|168.3  ± 1.3
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠠᠶᠣᠼᠢ</span>
Bajocian
|170.3  ± 1.4
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠯᠧᠨᠢ</span>
Aalenian
|174.1  ± 1.0
|-
| rowspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠷᠲᠡ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠣᠠᠷᠼᠢ</span>
Toarcian
|182.7  ± 0.7
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠯᠢᠢᠨᠽᠪᠠᠻᠢ</span>
Pliensbachian
|190.8  ± 1.0
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠢᠨᠧᠮᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ</span>
Sinemurian
|199.3  ± 0.3
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠾᠧᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠭᠢ</span>
Hettangian
|201.3  ± 0.2
|-
| rowspan="7" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠷᠢᠶᠠᠰ'''</span>
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠷᠠᠧᠲᠢ</span>
Rhaetian
| rowspan="7" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠻᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (archosaurs) ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠨᠣᠶᠤᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠢᠻᠲᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (ichthyosaurs)᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (nothosaur)᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠫᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (pterosaur) ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠼᠢᠨᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍᠋ᠠᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠲᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠻᠷᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (Dicroidium) ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠮᠨᠣᠰᠫᠣᠨ᠍᠋ᠳᠢᠯ (temnospondyl) ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠼᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ᠋ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ceratitic ammonoid) ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (teleost)᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ (Andes) ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ.᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠽᠧᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|~208.5
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠨᠣᠷᠶ</span>
Norian
|~227
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠠᠷᠨᠢ</span>
Carnian
|~237
|-
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠯᠠᠳᠢᠨᠢ</span>
Ladinian
|~242
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠨᠢᠰᠢ</span>
Anisian
|247.2
|-
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠷᠲᠡ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠣᠯᠧᠨᠧᠻᠢ</span>
Olenekian
|251.2
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠦ᠋ᠠᠩ</span>
Induan
|251.902  ± 0.06
|-
| rowspan="48" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠡᠷᠲᠡ'''</span>
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
| rowspan="9" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ'''</span>
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠯᠣᠫᠢᠩᠭᠢ</span>
Lopingian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠴᠠᠩᠭᠰᠢᠩᠭᠢ</span>
Changhsingian
| rowspan="9" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠫᠠᠩᠭᠧᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠫᠫᠠᠯᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ ᠊᠊ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠯᠢᠻᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (pelycosaur) ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠠᠫᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (synapsid) ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠷᠧᠫᠲᠢᠯ (parareptile)᠂ ᠲᠧᠮᠨᠣᠰᠫᠣᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠯ (temnospondyl) ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠊ᠢᠡᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ  ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠣᠴᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠨ (gymnosperms)  ᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠴᠣᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠭᠦᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠫᠷᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋ (productid)᠂ ᠰᠫᠢᠷᠢᠹᠧᠷᠢᠳ᠋ (spiriferid) ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (brachiopod) ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠹᠣᠷᠠᠮ (foram)᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ammonoid) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ  ᠊᠊ ᠲᠷᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ 251 ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ 95 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠭᠷᠠᠫᠲᠣᠯᠢᠲ (graptolite)᠂ ᠪᠯᠠᠰᠲᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (blastoid) ᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠨᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠂ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ (Kunlun) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|254.14  ± 0.07
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠸᠦᠴᠢᠶᠠᠫᠢᠩᠭᠢ</span>
Wuchiapingian
|259.1  ± 0.4
|-
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠤᠠᠳᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠫᠢ</span>
Guadalupian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠠᠫᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠢ</span>
Capitanian
|265.1  ± 0.4
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠸᠣᠷᠳᠢ</span>
Wordian
|268.8  ± 0.5
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠷᠣᠦ᠋ᠳᠢ</span>
Roadian
|272.95  ± 0.5
|-
| rowspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠼᠢᠽᠦ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ</span>
Cisuralian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠦᠩᠭᠦᠷᠢ</span>
Kungurian
|283.5  ± 0.6
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ᠍ᠰᠻᠢ</span>
Artinskian
|290.1  ± 0.26
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠠᠻᠮᠠᠷᠢ</span>
Sakmarian
|295  ± 0.18
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠰᠰᠧᠯᠢ</span>
Asselian
|298.9  ± 0.15
|-
| rowspan="7" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ'''</span>
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ'''</span>
| rowspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠧᠨ᠍ᠰᠢᠯᠸᠠᠨᠢ</span>
Pennsylvanian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠿᠧᠯᠢ</span>
Gzhelian
| rowspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠣᠭᠴᠤᠮ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠳ (ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠢᠢᠮᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠯᠢ ([[:en:Equisetophyta|equisetum]])) ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠊ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠭᠣᠨᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ (goniatite)᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (brachiopod)᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ (bryozoa)᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ  ᠹᠣᠷᠠᠮ (foram) ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠤᠷᠠᠯ (Ural) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ᠂ ᠸᠠᠷᠢᠰᠻᠠᠨ (''Variscan'') ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃  <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|303.7  ± 0.1
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠠᠰᠢᠮᠣᠸᠢ</span>
Kasimovian
|307 ± 0.1
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠣᠰᠻᠣᠸᠢ</span>
Moscovian
|315.2  ± 0.2
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠠᠱᠻᠢᠷᠢ</span>
Bashkirian
|323.2  ± 0.4
|-
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠢᠰᠰᠢᠰᠰᠢᠫᠫᠢ</span>
Mississippian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠧᠷᠫᠦ᠋ᠻᠣᠸ</span>
Serpukhovian
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠨᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠨᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠠᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠷᠾᠢᠽᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ (rhizodont) ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ (echinoderm) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠭᠣᠨᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ (goniatite)᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠨᠠᠦ᠋ᠲᠢᠯᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (nautiloid) ᠬᠣᠪᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span><br />
|330.9  ± 0.2
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠸᠢᠽᠧᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋</span>
Viséan
|346.7  ± 0.4
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠦᠷᠨᠠᠢᠢᠽᠢ</span>
Tournaisian
|358.9  ± 0.4
|-
| rowspan="7" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠳ᠋ᠧᠸᠣᠨ᠍'''</span>
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠹᠠᠮᠧᠨᠨᠢ</span>
Famennian
| rowspan="7" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠷᠰᠦ (Lycopodiopsid) ᠂ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠯᠢ (equisetum)᠂ ᠣᠢᠢᠮ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ (ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ) ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠥᠹᠥᠮᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋ (strophomenid)᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠫᠢᠳ᠋ (atrypid)᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ (tabulata)᠂ ᠷᠦᠭᠣᠽᠠ (rugosa) ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋ (crinoid) ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠣᠨᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (goniatite ammonoid) ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠵᠠᠯᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤ (coleoid) ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋  ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (agnath) ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠫᠯᠠᠻᠣᠳᠧᠷᠮ (placoderm)᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠠᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ (sarcopterygi)᠂  ᠥᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ (actinopterygi)᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (selachii) ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠯᠠᠰ᠂ ᠠᠫᠫᠠᠯᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠃᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠽᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|372.2  ± 1.6
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠹᠷᠠᠽᠨᠢ</span>
Frasnian
|382.7  ± 1.6
|-
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠢᠸᠧᠼᠢ</span>
Givetian
|387.7  ± 0.8
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠧᠢᠢᠹᠧᠯ</span>
Eifelian
|393.3  ± 1.2
|-
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠷᠲᠡ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠧᠮᠰᠢ</span>
Emsian
|407.6  ± 2.6
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠷᠠᠭᠢ</span>
Pragian
|410.8  ± 2.8
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠯᠣᠴᠻᠣᠸᠢ</span>
Lochkovian
|419.2  ± 3.2
|-
| rowspan="8" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠰᠢᠯᠦ᠋ᠷ'''</span>
| colspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠷᠢᠳᠣᠯᠢ</span>
Pridoli
| rowspan="8" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠤᠤᠷᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ (ᠷᠾᠢᠨᠣᠹᠢᠲ᠋)᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (millipede)᠂ ᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠲᠷᠣᠫᠯᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠳ (Arthropleurid) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠨᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ (tabulata)᠂ ᠷᠦᠭᠣᠽᠠ (rugosa) ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠫᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠳ᠋ (pentamerid)᠂ ᠷᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠣᠻᠣᠨᠧᠯᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (rhinochonellid) ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋ (crinoid) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠷᠠᠫᠲᠣᠯᠢᠲ (graptolite) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠷᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠻᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠨᠠᠸ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|423 ± 2.3
|-
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠯᠦ᠋ᠲᠯᠣᠦ᠋</span>
Ludlow
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠯᠦᠳᠹᠣᠷᠳ᠋</span>
Ludfordian
|425.6  ± 0.9
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠣᠷᠰᠲᠢ</span>
Gorstian
|427.4  ± 0.5
|-
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠸᠧᠨ᠍ᠯᠣᠻ</span>
Wenlock
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠾᠣᠮᠧᠷᠢ</span>
Homerian
|430.5  ± 0.7
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠱᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠍ᠸᠦ᠋ᠳ᠋</span>
Sheinwoodian
|433.4  ± 0.8
|-
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠯᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠣᠸᠧᠷᠶ</span>
Llandovery
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠧᠯᠢᠴᠢ</span>
Telychian
|438.5  ± 1.1
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠧᠷᠣᠨᠢ</span>
Aeronian
|440.8  ± 1.2
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠷᠦᠲᠳᠠᠨᠢ</span>
Rhuddanian
|443.8  ± 1.5
|-
| rowspan="7" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠸᠢᠻ'''</span>
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠾᠢᠷᠨᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠢ</span>
Hirnantian
| rowspan="7" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠭᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃  ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠹᠣᠮᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋ (''Orthida'', ''Strophomenida'') ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠨᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠣᠢᠢᠳ᠋ (nautiloid)᠂ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobit)᠂ ᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠻᠣᠳ᠋ (ostracod)᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ (bryozoa)᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ (echinoderm)᠂ ᠭᠷᠠᠫᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠢᠲ (graptolit)  ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠭᠡ  ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠲᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (conodont) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠥᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|445.2 ± 1.4
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠠᠲᠢ</span>
Katian
|453 ± 0.7
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠪᠢ</span>
Sandbian
|458.4 ± 0.9
|-
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠷᠢᠸᠢᠯᠢ</span>
Darriwilian
|467.3 ± 1.1
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠠᠫᠢᠩᠭᠢ</span>
Dapingian
|470 ± 1.4
|-
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠷᠲᠡ</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠹᠯᠣᠶᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋</span>
Floian
|477.7 ± 1.4
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠷᠧᠮᠠᠳᠣᠴᠢ</span>
Tremadocian
|485.4 ± 1.9
|-
| rowspan="10" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠻᠧᠮᠪᠷᠢ'''</span>
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠹᠦᠷᠣᠩᠭᠢ</span>
Furongian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">10 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ</span><span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠱᠠᠲᠤ</span>
Stage 10
| rowspan="10" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠻᠧᠮᠪᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠥᠪᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠻᠧᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠠ (Archaeocyatha) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite) ᠂ ᠫᠷᠢᠶᠠᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (priapulid) ᠥᠲᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ (sponge)᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (brachiopod) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ᠃ ᠧᠳᠢᠠᠻᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ 《ᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠮ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ》(Anomalocaridid) ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠫᠷᠣᠻᠠᠷᠢᠶᠣᠲ (prokaryote)᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠴᠥᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠷᠥᠲ᠋ᠢᠰᠲ᠋ (protists) ᠊ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠮᠥᠭᠦᠨᠴᠡᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠠ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ (Petermann)᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠷᠣᠰᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ (Ross) ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠳᠧᠯᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ᠻᠯᠢᠨᠠᠯ (Adelaide geosyncline) ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ 15 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ (ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ 400 ppmv᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ 6000 ppmv)᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|~489.5
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩᠱᠠᠨ</span>
Jiangshanian
|~494
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠠᠢᠢᠪᠢ</span>
Paibian
|~497
|-
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠢᠶᠠᠣᠯᠢᠩᠭᠢ</span>
Miaolingian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠦᠵᠠᠩ</span>
Guzhangian
|~500.5
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳ᠋ᠷᠦ᠋ᠮᠢ</span>
Drumian
|~504.5
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠸᠦᠯᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠠ᠊ᠨ᠍</span>
Wuliuan
|~509
|-
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠧᠷᠢ</span>
Series 2
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">4 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ</span><span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠱᠠᠲᠤ</span>
Stage 4
|~514
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">3 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ</span><span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠱᠠᠲᠤ</span>
Stage 3
|~521
|-
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠧᠷᠷᠧᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠸᠢ</span>
Terreneuvian
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">2 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ</span>
Stage 2
|~529
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠹᠣᠷᠲᠦ᠋ᠨ</span>
Fortunian
|~541 ± 1.0
|-
| rowspan="10" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠠᠩᠬ'''</span>
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''᠊ᠠ᠋'''</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠰᠢᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋'''</span> 
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠠᠩᠬ'''</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''᠊ᠠ᠋'''</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠧᠳᠢᠶᠠᠻᠠᠷᠠ'''</span>
Ediacaran
| colspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠃  ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ  ᠧᠳᠢᠶᠠᠻᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠥᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ''Trichophycus᠂''  ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ᠋ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠡᠨ (trilobitomorphs)᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ (sponge) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷ᠃  ᠮᠥᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠬᠥᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ (''Dickinsonia'' ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠊ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|~635
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠻᠷᠢᠣᠭᠧᠨᠢ'''</span>
Cryogenian
| colspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">《ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ》 ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠣᠪᠤᠷ᠃ ᠷᠥᠳᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃</span>
|~720
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠣᠨᠢ'''</span>
Tonian
| colspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠷᠣᠳᠢᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠼᠧᠯᠯᠧᠳᠧᠦ᠋ᠻᠠᠷᠢᠶᠣᠲ (celledeukaryote) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠧᠯᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠰᠢᠨᠻᠯᠢᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃</span>
|1000
|-
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ'''</span> 
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠠᠩᠬ'''</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''᠊ᠠ᠋'''</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨᠢ'''</span>
Stenian
| colspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠣᠷᠹᠢᠻ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ Sveconorweg ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃</span>
|1200
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠠᠽᠢ'''</span>
Ectasian
| colspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠹᠣᠷᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠦᠷᠦᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃</span>
|1400
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠻᠠᠯᠢᠮᠮᠢ'''</span>
Calymmian
| colspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠹᠣᠷᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃</span>
|1600
|-
| rowspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠡᠷᠲᠡ'''</span>
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠠᠩᠬ'''</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''᠊ᠠ᠋'''</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ'''</span>
Statherian
| colspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ᠄ ᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠫᠷᠥᠲᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ (protist)᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠻᠣᠯᠦ᠋ᠮᠪ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃</span>
|1800
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠷᠢ'''</span>
Orosirian
| colspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠩᠳᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ Vredefort᠂ Sudbury ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠢᠢᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃</span>
|2050
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠼᠢ'''</span>
Rhyacian
| colspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠱᠸᠧᠯᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠾᠦᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠮᠥᠰᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠃</span>
|2300
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠰᠢᠳᠧᠷᠶ'''</span>
Siderian
| colspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ᠄ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠊᠊ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ (BIF) ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ 2,440–2,420 Ma ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ  Sleaford ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ Gawler ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠻᠷᠠᠲᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃</span>
|2500
|-
| rowspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠡᠬᠢ'''</span>
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠰᠢᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋'''</span> 
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠡᠬᠢ'''</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
| colspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠥᠨᠥ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠻᠷᠠᠲᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃</span>
|2800
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ'''</span> 
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠡᠬᠢ'''</span> 

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
| colspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠢᠲ ᠊ᠦᠳ (stromatolite)᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠼᠢᠶᠠᠨᠣᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ (cyanobacteria)᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ Humboldt ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃</span>
|3200
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠡᠷᠲᠡ'''</span> 
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠡᠬᠢ'''</span> 

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
| colspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠻᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ (shields/platforms) ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ Rayner ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃</span>
|3600
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠦᠷ'''</span> 
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠡᠬᠢ'''</span> 

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ'''</span>
| colspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠳ (ᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠻᠧ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ)᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠥᠷᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋᠂ 4,000 Ma ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ RNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ 4,000 ± 200 Ma ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠫᠢᠶᠧᠷ (Napier) ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ (orogeny) ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|~4000
|-
| rowspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠋'''</span>
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠡᠷᠲᠡ'''</span> 
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠢᠮᠪᠷᠶ'''</span>
| colspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ (ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ [kerogen] ᠭᠡᠬᠥ ᠮᠡᠲᠥ) ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃  ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠥ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠥᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠳᠥ ᠥᠷᠲᠥᠵᠥ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠣᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠨᠥ ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠷᠧᠽᠣᠨᠠᠨ᠍ᠰ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠻᠥᠢᠫᠧᠷ (Kuiper) ᠊ᠥᠨ ᠪᠥᠰᠡ ᠊ᠳᠥ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠥ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠣᠯᠢᠭ (4,031 to 3,580 Ma)᠃<span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|4130
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠨᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠶ'''</span>
| colspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠰ ᠬᠣᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠠᠣᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠣᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ‍᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠥᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠨᠡᠭᠥᠷᠡᠰᠥ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠫ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠣ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ‍‍ᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span>
|4280
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠰᠠᠪ'''</span> 
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ'''</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''᠊ᠤᠨ'''</span>

<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ'''</span>
| colspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ (ᠼᠢᠷᠻᠣᠨ 4,404 ± 8 Ma)᠃ ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃</span>
|4533
|-
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">'''ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ'''</span>
| colspan="4" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ (4,533 - 4,527 Ma) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ (4,570 - 4,567.17 Ma) ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ (4,680 - 4,630 Ma)᠃</span>
|4600
|-
|
|
| colspan="4" |
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|}<br>

=<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ=

महायुग  <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠠᠾᠠ<br> ᠶᠦᠭ<br> 
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;"> / </span><br>ᠶᠡᠬᠡ<br> ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋</span>  supereon <br><br>
युग  <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠶᠦᠭ<br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;"> / </span><br> ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋</span> eon <br><br>
བསྐལ་ཆེན <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ<br><span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;"> / </span><br>ᠡᠷᠢᠨ</span> era <br><br>
བསྐལ་པ <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ</span> period <br><br>
བསྐལ་ཆུང <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠭᠠᠯᠴᠦᠩ</span> epoch <br><br>
བར་བསྐལ <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯ</span> age <br><br>
<br>

=<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">http://itibetan.org/tibetancount.htm<br><br>
<br>

=<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ</span>=
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb"><Comments/>