Засварлах: Сэтгэл төдийтний тогтсон таалал
Засвар цуцлагдаж болно. Доорх харьцуулалтыг шалгаж үнэхээр хиймээр байгаа зүйл мөн үү гэдгээ нотлоорой. Дараа нь засварыг дуусгахын тулд өөрчлөлтүүдээ хадгална уу.
Одоогийн засвар | Таны текст | ||
1-р мөр: | 1-р мөр: | ||
{{ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ}}{{Dutuu}} | |||
{{Dutuu}} | |||
ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ Saṅdhinirmocana ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠬᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ (pratipakṣa) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢᠻᠠᠶᠠ (Nikāya) ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ (Abhidharma)᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠬᠤ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ (neyārtha)᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠢᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠢᠾᠢᠯᠢᠰᠮ (nihilism) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠷᠪᠠ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ (nītārtha) ᠪᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ (nitārtha) ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠥᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠮᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠨᠡᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ (abhidharma)᠂ ᠤᠴᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠴᠡ (cosmology)᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋. | ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ Saṅdhinirmocana ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠬᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ (pratipakṣa) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢᠻᠠᠶᠠ (Nikāya) ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ (Abhidharma)᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠬᠤ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ (neyārtha)᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠢᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠢᠾᠢᠯᠢᠰᠮ (nihilism) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠷᠪᠠ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ (nītārtha) ᠪᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ (nitārtha) ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠥᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠮᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠨᠡᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ (abhidharma)᠂ ᠤᠴᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠴᠡ (cosmology)᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋. | ||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Asanga.JPG|thumb| | <span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Asanga.JPG|thumb| | ||
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; ">ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠠ᠋<br> <br>]]</span> | <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; ">ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠠ᠋<br> <br>]]</span> | ||
ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ (Asanga) ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra (ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ) ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ (ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠢᠨᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ [Āgama] ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠫᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠻᠠᠶᠠ [Nikāya] ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳ ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ) ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ Abhidharmakośa (ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ) ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ | ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ (Asanga) ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra (ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ) ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ (ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠢᠨᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ [Āgama] ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠫᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠻᠠᠶᠠ [Nikāya] ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳ ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ) ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ Abhidharmakośa (ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ) ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File: | <span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Vasubandhu.JPG|thumb| | ||
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; ">ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋<br> <br>]]</span> | <span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; ">ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠾᠦ᠋<br> <br>]]</span> | ||
ᠠᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠢᠰᠲ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ Mahīśasika ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ (Āgama) ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ (Tuṣita᠂ དགའ་ལྡན) ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠢᠰᠲ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ Mahīśasika ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ (Āgama) ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠸᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠪᠠᠨᠲᠾᠦ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠩᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ (Tuṣita᠂ དགའ་ལྡན) ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ||
19-р мөр: | 16-р мөр: | ||
=ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠮ= | =ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠮ= | ||
=ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠥᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ= | =ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠥᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ= | ||
==2a. "ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ" ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠥ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠥᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠳᠣᠷ== | ==2a. "ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ" ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠥ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠥᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠳᠣᠷ== | ||
==2b. ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠠᠷᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋== | ==2b. ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠠᠷᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋== | ||
ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠣᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠡᠭᠥᠨ ᠣ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠯᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠬᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ Pramāṇavāda (Epistemology) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠫᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠵᠡᠭᠥᠯᠥᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠣᠬᠥᠳ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ Pramāṇavāda ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠥᠨ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠥ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠴᠥᠳ ᠥᠬᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠷᠰᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠥᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠥ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ prameya (ontology) ᠠᠨᠣ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠥᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠣᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠩᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠠᠨᠣ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ (pramāṇa) ᠬᠥᠴᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠥᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡᠬᠥᠯᠵᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠥ ᠨᠠᠷ | ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠣᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠡᠭᠥᠨ ᠣ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠯᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠬᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ Pramāṇavāda (Epistemology) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠫᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠵᠡᠭᠥᠯᠥᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠣᠬᠥᠳ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ Pramāṇavāda ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠥᠨ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠥ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠴᠥᠳ ᠥᠬᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠷᠰᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠥᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠥ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ prameya (ontology) ᠠᠨᠣ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠥᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠣᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠩᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠠᠨᠣ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ (pramāṇa) ᠬᠥᠴᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠥᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡᠬᠥᠯᠵᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠥ ᠨᠠᠷ | ||