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| =ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ= | | =ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ= |
| {{Horizontal}}[[File:Lithium-hydroxide-xtal-3D-SF.png|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ<br>ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ<br>ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ<br><ruby>ᠯᠢᠲ᠋<rt>lithium</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br><ruby>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋<rt>hydroxide</rt></ruby>]]{{Z}}<br><br>
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| <b>ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ</b> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]] ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br> | | <b>ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ</b> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]] ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br> |
| ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠯᠭᠤᠮᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ <ruby>ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ<rt>indicator</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ <ruby>ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ<rt>litmus</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ [[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]] ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢᠽ<rt>catalysis</rt></ruby>) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/acid Britannica. Base (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br> | | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ<ref>litmus</ref> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽ<ref>catalysis</ref>) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/acid Britannica. Base (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br> |
| ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <ruby>ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ<rt>dissociation</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠢᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠦᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
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| ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref><br>
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| ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠶᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ {{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<br>
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| ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<br><br>
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| {{Horizontal}}<br><br><br><br><br><strong>MeOH = Me<sup>+</sup> + OH<sup>-</sup></strong>{{Z}}<br><br>
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| ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄<br>
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| {{Horizontal}}<var>Me<sup>+</sup></var>{{Z}} ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠂<br>
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| {{Horizontal}}<var>OH<sup>-</sup></var>{{Z}} ᠨᠢ <ruby>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋<rt>hydroxide</rt></ruby> ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠃<br><br>
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| ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄<br><br>
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| {{Horizontal}}<br><br><br><br><br>NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O<br>{{Mongolian}}<ruby>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ<rt>sodium</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <br>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂ {{Z}}<br>
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| Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> + 2HCl = CaCl<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O<br>{{Mongolian}}<ruby>ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢ<rt>calcium</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br> ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂ {{Z}}<br>
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| {{Z}}<br><br>
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| {{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ <br>
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| ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋:
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| {{Horizontal}}(NaOH; <br>Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>; <br>Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>){{Z}}<br>
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| ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <br>
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| ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋<rt>carbonate</rt></ruby> ᠪᠠ <ruby>ᠠᠮᠮᠢᠶᠠᠻ<rt>Ammonia</rt></ruby> ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃<br><br>
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| {{Horizontal}}<br><br><br><br><br>Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → 2Na<sup>+</sup> + HCO3<sup>−</sup> + OH<sup>−</sup><br><br>
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| NH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + OH<sup>−</sup>{{Z}}<br>
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| ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref> Рудзитис Г. Е., Фельдман Ф. Г. Химия. Неорганическая химия. Органическая химия. 9 класс. — 13-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 2009. —ISBN 978-5-09-021-625-8 </ref><br><br>
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| =ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ=
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| {{Horizontal}}[[File:Мыло ручной работы "Сердце".jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠰᠠᠪᠤᠩ<br>ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ<br>ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ]]{{Z}}<br><br>
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| ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
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| ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
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| ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠾᠶᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
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| ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠄ {{Horizontal}}LiOH᠂<br>NaOH ᠂<br>Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br>
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| ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠄ {{Horizontal}}Cu(OH) <sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br>
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| ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
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| ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ {{Horizontal}}LiOH{{Z}} - ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; {{Horizontal}}Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}} - ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; {{Horizontal}}Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>{{Z}} - ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠃<br>
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| ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ <ruby>ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠼᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠼ<rt>concentration</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<br>
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| ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠢ <ruby>ᠠᠮᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ<rt>amphoteros</rt></ruby> ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<br>
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| ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠢ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄
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| {{Horizontal}} Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Zr(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br> Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Be(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br><br>
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| =ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ= | | =ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ= |
| [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]<br> | | [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]] |
| [[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]]<br>
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| [[ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ]]
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| =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ= | | =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ= |
| {{Horizontal}} | | {{Horizontal}} |
| суурь<br>
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| шүлт<br>
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| гидроксид<br>
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| металл<br>
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| хүчил<br>
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| давс<br>
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| диссоциац<br>
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| ион<br>
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| анион<br>
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| base<br>
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| alkali<br>
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| hydroxide<br>
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| metal<br>
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| acid<br>
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| salt<br>
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| dissociation<br>
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| ion<br>
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| anion<br>
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| основание<br>
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| щелочь<br>
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| кислота<br>
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| соль<br>
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| диссоциация<br>
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| {{Z}} | | {{Z}} |
| =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ= | | =ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ= |
| {{Horizontal}} | | {{Horizontal}} |
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| [[Category:ᠬᠢᠮᠢ]]
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