11:24, 7 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2020-ий байдлаарх одоогийн засвар

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ

ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ
ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ
ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ
ᠯᠢᠲ᠋lithium ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋hydroxide

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18</ref>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠯᠭᠤᠮᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷindicator ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠮᠦ᠋ᠰlitmus ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢᠽcatalysis) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>Britannica. Base (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18</ref>
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼdissociation OH^- ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref>
ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠶᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ OH^- ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

MeOH = Me⁺ + OH^-

ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄
Me⁺ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎᠂
OH^- ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋hydroxide ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠃

ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄

NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O
ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢsodium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂
Ca(OH)₂ + 2HCl = CaCl₂ + 2H₂O
ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢcalcium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂

OH^- ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋: (NaOH;
Ca(OH)₂;
Al(OH)₃)
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋carbonate ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠮᠢᠶᠠᠻAmmonia ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃

Na₂CO₃ + H₂O → 2Na⁺ + HCO3⁻ + OH⁻

NH₃ + H₂O → NH₄⁺ + OH⁻
ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref> Рудзитис Г. Е., Фельдман Ф. Г. Химия. Неорганическая химия. Органическая химия. 9 класс. — 13-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 2009. —ISBN 978-5-09-021-625-8 </ref>

ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠾᠶᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠄ LiOH᠂
NaOH ᠂
Ca(OH)₂᠃
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠄ Cu(OH) ₂᠂
Zn(OH) ₂᠂
Fe(OH)₂᠂
Al(OH)₃᠃
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ LiOH - ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; Mg(OH)₂ - ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; Fe(OH)₃ - ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠃
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠼᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠼconcentration ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠮᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷamphoteros ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ Al(OH)₃᠂
Zn(OH)₂᠂
Zr(OH)₃᠂
Fe(OH)₃᠂
Be(OH)₂᠂
Pb(OH)₂᠃

ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

суурь
шүлт
гидроксид
металл
хүчил
давс
диссоциац
ион
анион
base
alkali
hydroxide
metal
acid
salt
dissociation
ion
anion
основание
щелочь
кислота
соль
диссоциация

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

@@ 1-р мөр: / 1-р мөр: @@
-{{Garchig}}
+<div style = "writing-mode: vertical-lr">
 =ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ=
+{{Horizontal}}[[File:Lithium-hydroxide-xtal-3D-SF.png|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ<br>ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ<br>ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ<br><ruby>ᠯᠢᠲ᠋<rt>lithium</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br><ruby>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋<rt>hydroxide</rt></ruby>]]{{Z}}<br><br>
 <b>ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ</b> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]] ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
-ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ<ref>litmus</ref> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽ<ref>catalysis</ref>) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/acid Britannica. Base (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
+ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠯᠭᠤᠮᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ <ruby>ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ<rt>indicator</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ <ruby>ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ<rt>litmus</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ [[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]] ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢᠽ<rt>catalysis</rt></ruby>) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/acid Britannica. Base (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
+ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <ruby>ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ<rt>dissociation</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
+ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref><br>
+ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠶᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ {{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br>
+ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br><br>
+{{Horizontal}}<br><br><br><br><br><strong>MeOH = Me<sup>+</sup> + OH<sup>-</sup></strong>{{Z}}<br><br>
+ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄<br>
+{{Horizontal}}<var>Me<sup>+</sup></var>{{Z}} ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎᠂<br>
+{{Horizontal}}<var>OH<sup>-</sup></var>{{Z}} ᠨᠢ <ruby>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋<rt>hydroxide</rt></ruby> ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠃<br><br>
+ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄<br><br>
+{{Horizontal}}<br><br><br><br><br>NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O<br>{{Mongolian}}<ruby>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ<rt>sodium</rt></ruby>  ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <br>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂ {{Z}}<br>
+Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> + 2HCl = CaCl<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O<br>{{Mongolian}}<ruby>ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢ<rt>calcium</rt></ruby>  ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br> ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂ {{Z}}<br>
+{{Z}}<br><br>
+{{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ <br>
+ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋:
+{{Horizontal}}(NaOH; <br>Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>; <br>Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>){{Z}}<br>
+ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <br>
+ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋<rt>carbonate</rt></ruby> ᠪᠠ <ruby>ᠠᠮᠮᠢᠶᠠᠻ<rt>Ammonia</rt></ruby> ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃<br><br>
+{{Horizontal}}<br><br><br><br><br>Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → 2Na<sup>+</sup> + HCO3<sup>−</sup> + OH<sup>−</sup><br><br>
+NH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + OH<sup>−</sup>{{Z}}<br>
+ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref> Рудзитис Г. Е., Фельдман Ф. Г. Химия. Неорганическая химия. Органическая химия. 9 класс. — 13-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 2009. —ISBN 978-5-09-021-625-8 </ref><br><br>
+=ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ=
+{{Horizontal}}[[File:Мыло ручной работы "Сердце".jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠰᠠᠪᠤᠩ<br>ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ<br>ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ]]{{Z}}<br><br>
+ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
+ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
+ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠾᠶᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
+ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠄ {{Horizontal}}LiOH᠂<br>NaOH ᠂<br>Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br>
+ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠄ {{Horizontal}}Cu(OH) <sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br>
+ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
+ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ {{Horizontal}}LiOH{{Z}} - ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; {{Horizontal}}Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}} - ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; {{Horizontal}}Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>{{Z}} - ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠃<br>
+ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ <ruby>ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠼᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠼ<rt>concentration</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br>
+ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ <ruby>ᠠᠮᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ<rt>amphoteros</rt></ruby> ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br>
+ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄
+{{Horizontal}} Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Zr(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br> Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Be(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br><br>
+=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
+[[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]<br>
+[[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]]<br>
+[[ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ]]
-==
-=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
-[[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]
 =ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=
 {{Horizontal}}
+суурь<br>
+шүлт<br>
+гидроксид<br>
+металл<br>
+хүчил<br>
+давс<br>
+диссоциац<br>
+ион<br>
+анион<br>
+base<br>
+alkali<br>
+hydroxide<br>
+metal<br>
+acid<br>
+salt<br>
+dissociation<br>
+ion<br>
+anion<br>
+основание<br>
+щелочь<br>
+кислота<br>
+соль<br>
+диссоциация<br>
 {{Z}}
-=ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
+=ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
 {{Horizontal}}
+[[Category:ᠬᠢᠮᠢ‏‎]]