"ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд

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(4 дундын хувилбарууд 2 хэрэглэгчид харагдахгүй)
1-р мөр: 1-р мөр:
{{Garchig}}
<div style = "writing-mode: vertical-lr">
=ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ=
=ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ=
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Lithium-hydroxide-xtal-3D-SF.png|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ<br>ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ<br>ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ<br><ruby>ᠯᠢᠲ᠋<rt>lithium</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br><ruby>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋<rt>hydroxide</rt></ruby>]]{{Z}}<br><br>
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Lithium-hydroxide-xtal-3D-SF.png|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ<br>ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ<br>ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ<br><ruby>ᠯᠢᠲ᠋<rt>lithium</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br><ruby>ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋<rt>hydroxide</rt></ruby>]]{{Z}}<br><br>
38-р мөр: 38-р мөр:
{{Horizontal}} Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Zr(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br> Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Be(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br><br>
{{Horizontal}} Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Zr(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br> Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Be(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br><br>
=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
[[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]
[[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]<br>
[[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]]<br>
[[ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ]]
 
=ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=
=ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=
{{Horizontal}}
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67-р мөр: 70-р мөр:
=ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
=ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
{{Horizontal}}
{{Horizontal}}
[[Category:ᠬᠢᠮᠢ‏‎]]

11:24, 7 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2020-ий байдлаарх одоогийн засвар

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ
ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ
ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ
ᠯᠢᠲ᠋lithium ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋hydroxide


ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃[1]
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠯᠭᠤᠮᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷindicator ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠮᠦ᠋ᠰlitmus ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢᠽcatalysis) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃[2]
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼdissociation OH- ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ [3]
ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠶᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ OH- ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃






MeOH = Me+ + OH-


ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄
Me+ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎᠂
OH- ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋hydroxide ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠃

ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄






NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O
ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢsodium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂

Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + 2H2O
ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢcalcium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂



OH- ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋: (NaOH;
Ca(OH)2;
Al(OH)3)

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋carbonate ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠮᠢᠶᠠᠻAmmonia ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃






Na2CO3 + H2O → 2Na+ + HCO3 + OH

NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH

ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃[4]

ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠰᠠᠪᠤᠩ
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ
ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ


ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠾᠶᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠄ LiOH᠂
NaOH ᠂
Ca(OH)2

ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠄ Cu(OH) 2
Zn(OH) 2
Fe(OH)2
Al(OH)3

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ LiOH - ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; Mg(OH)2 - ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; Fe(OH)3 - ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠃
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠼᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠼconcentration ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠮᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷamphoteros ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ Al(OH)3
Zn(OH)2
Zr(OH)3
Fe(OH)3
Be(OH)2
Pb(OH)2


ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

суурь
шүлт
гидроксид
металл
хүчил
давс
диссоциац
ион
анион
base
alkali
hydroxide
metal
acid
salt
dissociation
ion
anion
основание
щелочь
кислота
соль
диссоциация

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

  1. Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18
  2. Britannica. Base (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18
  3. А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989
  4. Рудзитис Г. Е., Фельдман Ф. Г. Химия. Неорганическая химия. Органическая химия. 9 класс. — 13-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 2009. —ISBN 978-5-09-021-625-8