ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ: Засвар хоорондын ялгаа

(12 дундын хувилбарууд 2 хэрэглэгчид харагдахгүй)

1-р мөр:

~~{{Garchig}}~~

=ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ=

{{Image

|Filename=Rocks_-_Alkali_feldspar_granite.JPG

|text=ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠰᠢ

}}

ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ [[ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ]] ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zyn3b9q/revision/2 BBC. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/25]</ref>

ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <ref>[https://pcgroup.ru/blog/schelochi-ponyatie-svojstva-i-primenenie Prime chemicals group. Щелочи: понятие, свойства и применение. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/25]</ref>

ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <ref>[https://pcgroup.ru/blog/schelochi-ponyatie-svojstva-i-primenenie Prime chemicals group. Щелочи: понятие, свойства и применение. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/25]</ref>

ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼdissociation OH- ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠍anion ᠪᠠ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠣᠨcation ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃

ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢCalcium ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ Ia ᠪᠠ IIa ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠾᠢᠳ᠌ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋hydroxide ᠦ᠋ᠳ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ NaOH (ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷ), KOH (ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠻᠠᠯᠢ), Ba(OH)2 (ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ) ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠣᠨᠴᠣᠭᠤᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠾᠢᠳ᠌ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ LiOH᠂ NaOH᠂ КОН᠂ RbOH᠂ CsOH ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠢᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃

=ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ=

{{Image

|Filename=Acid-Alkali_titration.gif

|text=ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ

}}

ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠨᠣᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲcarbonate ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

==ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ==

ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨᠴᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃

ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

: '''ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ + ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ → ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ + ᠤᠰᠤ'''

: {|

|+

!<math>\mathsf{NaOH + HCl \longrightarrow NaCl + H_2O};</math>

!<math>\mathsf{NaOH + HNO_3 \longrightarrow NaNO_3 + H_2O}.</math>

|}

==ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ==

ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨᠴᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

: '''ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ + ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ → ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ + ᠤᠰᠤ'''

:<math>\mathsf{Ca(OH)_2 + CO_2 \longrightarrow CaCO_3 \downarrow + H_2O}</math>;

==ᠠᠮᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ==

: <math>\mathsf{2KOH + ZnO \xrightarrow{t^oC} K_2ZnO_2 + H_2O}.</math>

==ᠠᠮᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ==

ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷamphoteric ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠾᠢᠳ᠌ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠮᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ (Zn, Al ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨᠴᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠄

: {|

|+

!<math>\mathsf{Zn + 2NaOH \longrightarrow Na_2ZnO_2 + H_2 \uparrow};</math>

!

!<math>\mathsf{2Al + 2KOH + 2H_2O \longrightarrow 2KAlO_2 + 3H_2 \uparrow}.</math>

|}

ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠾᠢᠳ᠌ᠷᠣᠻᠣᠮᠫᠯᠧᠻᠰ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ:

: {|

|+

!<math>\mathsf{Zn + 2NaOH + 2H_2O \longrightarrow Na_2[Zn(OH)_4] + H_2 \uparrow};</math>

!

!<math>\mathsf{2Al + 2KOH + 6H_2O \longrightarrow 2K[Al(OH)_4] + 3H_2 \uparrow}.</math>

|}

==ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ==

ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠠᠳᠡᠭ᠃

: '''ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ + ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ → ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ + ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ'''

:{|

|+

!<math>\mathsf{2NaOH + CuSO_4 \longrightarrow Cu(OH)_2 \downarrow + Na_2SO_4};</math>

!

!<math>\mathsf{Ba(OH)_2 + Na_2SO_4 \longrightarrow 2NaOH + BaSO_4 \downarrow}.</math>

|}

==

=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=

[[ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ]]

[[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]

[[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]]

=~~ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=~~

~~{{Horizontal}}~~

шүлт

~~шүлт~~

суурь

~~суурь~~

alcali

~~{{Z}}~~

base

щелочи

основания

гидроксиды

=ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=

~~{{Horizontal}}~~

[[Category:ᠬᠢᠮᠢ‏‎]]

@@ 1-р мөр: / 1-р мөр: @@
-{{Garchig}}
+<div style="writing-mode: vertical-lr">
 =ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ=
+<br>
+{{Image
+|Filename=Rocks_-_Alkali_feldspar_granite.JPG
+|text=ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠰᠢ
+}}
+<br>
 ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ [[ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ]] ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zyn3b9q/revision/2 BBC. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/25]</ref><br>
-ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <ref>[https://pcgroup.ru/blog/schelochi-ponyatie-svojstva-i-primenenie Prime chemicals group. Щелочи: понятие, свойства и применение. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/25]</ref><br>
+ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <ref>[https://pcgroup.ru/blog/schelochi-ponyatie-svojstva-i-primenenie Prime chemicals group. Щелочи: понятие, свойства и применение. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/25]</ref>
+ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ<sup>dissociation</sup> OH<sup>-</sup> ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠍<sup>anion</sup> ᠪᠠ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠣᠨ<sup>cation</sup> ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃
+ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢ<sup>Calcium</sup> ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ Ia ᠪᠠ IIa ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ  ᠾᠢᠳ᠌ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋<sup>hydroxide</sup> ᠦ᠋ᠳ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ NaOH (ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷ), KOH (ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠻᠠᠯᠢ), Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub> (ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢ) ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠣᠨᠴᠣᠭᠤᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠾᠢᠳ᠌ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
+ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ LiOH᠂ NaOH᠂ КОН᠂ RbOH᠂ CsOH ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
+ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠢᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃
+<br>
+=ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ=
+<br>
+{{Image
+|Filename=Acid-Alkali_titration.gif
+|text=ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ
+}}
+<br>
+ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
+ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠨᠣᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ<sup>carbonate</sup> ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
+ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
+<br><br>
+==ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ==
+ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨᠴᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃
+ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
+<br><b>
+: '''ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ + ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ → ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ + ᠤᠰᠤ'''
+<br></b>
+<small>
+: {|
+|+
+!<math>\mathsf{NaOH + HCl \longrightarrow NaCl + H_2O};</math>
+!<math>\mathsf{NaOH + HNO_3 \longrightarrow NaNO_3 + H_2O}.</math>
+|}
+</small>
+<br>
+==ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ==
+ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨᠴᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
+: '''ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ + ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ → ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ + ᠤᠰᠤ'''
+:<math>\mathsf{Ca(OH)_2 + CO_2 \longrightarrow CaCO_3 \downarrow + H_2O}</math>;
+</small>
+<br>
+==ᠠᠮᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ==
+<small>
+: <math>\mathsf{2KOH + ZnO \xrightarrow{t^oC} K_2ZnO_2 + H_2O}.</math>
+</small>
+<br>
+==ᠠᠮᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ==
+ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ<sup>amphoteric</sup> ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠾᠢᠳ᠌ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠮᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ (Zn, Al ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨᠴᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
+ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠄
+<br>
+<small>
+: {|
+|+
+!<math>\mathsf{Zn + 2NaOH \longrightarrow Na_2ZnO_2 + H_2 \uparrow};</math>
+!
+!<math>\mathsf{2Al + 2KOH + 2H_2O \longrightarrow 2KAlO_2 + 3H_2 \uparrow}.</math>
+|}
+</small>
+<br>
+ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠾᠢᠳ᠌ᠷᠣᠻᠣᠮᠫᠯᠧᠻᠰ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ:
+<small>
+: {|
+|+
+!<math>\mathsf{Zn + 2NaOH + 2H_2O \longrightarrow Na_2[Zn(OH)_4] + H_2 \uparrow};</math>
+!
+!<math>\mathsf{2Al + 2KOH + 6H_2O \longrightarrow 2K[Al(OH)_4] + 3H_2 \uparrow}.</math>
+|}
+</small>
+<br>
+==ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ==
+ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠠᠳᠡᠭ᠃
+: '''ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ + ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ → ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ + ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ'''
+:{|
+|+
+!<math>\mathsf{2NaOH + CuSO_4 \longrightarrow Cu(OH)_2 \downarrow + Na_2SO_4};</math>
+!
+!<math>\mathsf{Ba(OH)_2 + Na_2SO_4 \longrightarrow 2NaOH + BaSO_4 \downarrow}.</math>
+|}
+</small>
 <br>
-==
 =ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
 [[ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ]]<br>
 [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]<br>
 [[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]]<br>
-=ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=
+<span style = "display: none">
-{{Horizontal}}
+шүлт
-шүлт<br>
+суурь
-суурь<br>
+alcali
-{{Z}}
+base
+щелочи
+основания
+гидроксиды
+</span>
+<br>
 =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
-{{Horizontal}}
+[[Category:ᠬᠢᠮᠢ‏‎]]