13:47, 26 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2020-ий байдлаарх одоогийн засвар

ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠹᠠᠯᠻᠣᠨ ᠾᠧᠸᠢ^{Falcon Heavy} ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ
ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠤ

ᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃^[1]

ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠫᠤᠦᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃

ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠧᠸᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠻᠠᠮᠧᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃^[1]

ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ^kerosn ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ (ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ) ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃

ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ^catalyst ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃

ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ (N₂H₄)᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽᠠᠲᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠦᠮ (Ir) ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠦᠷᠢᠯ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ^[2]᠃

ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ 1000°C ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠽᠣᠲ (N)᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ (H₂)᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢ^ammonium ᠬᠡᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠮᠥᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ‍ᠢ (H₂O₂) ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ IHI Aerospace ᠻᠣᠷᠫᠣᠷᠠᠼ 1964 ᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠰᠢ 900 ᠾᠢᠲᠠᠽᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ^[3]᠃

ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ‍‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠡᠩ ‍ᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ TDRS-1)᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠭᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ Союз) ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠡᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ (Восток᠂ Saturn ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ, Союз᠂ Falcon 1᠂ Falcon 9) ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠦ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ (Space Shuttle ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ᠂ Saturn V ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ Ariane 5᠂ Centaur ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ)᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ CH₄ (BE-4᠂ Raptor ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ^[4]᠃

ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠧᠷᠣᠽᠢᠨ50^aerozine50 (50% UDMH, 50% ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ) ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠧᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (N₂O₄) ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ (Titan᠂ Apollo ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠯ᠂ Voyager 1᠂ 2) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠣᠨᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ (Monomethylhydrazine, (CH₃)HN₂H₂) ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠧᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (N₂O₄) ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ (Space Suttle ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ Dragon ᠬᠣᠯᠭᠡ) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠻᠨᠢᠻ^{pyrotechnical}᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢᠰᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠴᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃

ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ^impulse ‍ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ 1988 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ РД-701 ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠩᠬᠦᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃

ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ

ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ^[1]᠃

ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (Space Shuttle, 나로호 ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ SS-520)^[5]᠃

ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃

ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃

ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃

ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ SpaceShipOne 2004 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠠᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃^[6]

ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - rocket - ракета

ᠵᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ (ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ) - launch vehicle - ракета-носитель

ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - chemical rocket engine - химический ракетный двигатель

ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - liquid-propellant rocket - жидкостный ракетный двигатель

ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - solid-propellant rocket - твердотопливный ракетный двигатель

ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - hybrid-propellant rocket - гибридный ракетный двигатель

ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - monopropellant rocket - однокомпонентный ЖРД

ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - bipropellant rocket - двухкомпонентный ЖРД

ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - tripropellant rocket - трехкомпонентный ЖРД

ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ - combustible - горючее

ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ - fuel - топливо

ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ - ignition - воспламенение

ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ - thrust - тяга

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/rocket.html National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Rocket propulsion. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/10
↑ https://ir.aerojetrocketdyne.com/news-releases/news-release-details/aerojet-announces-licensing-and-manufacture-spontaneous?releaseid=708514 Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings, Inc. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25
↑ https://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/products/space/hydrazine/index.html IHI Aerospace Co.Ltd. Hydrazine Monopropellant Thrusters. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25
↑ https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/engineering/components/lng/index.html Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. LNG Propulsion System. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25
↑ Jenkins, Dennis R. (2016). Space Shuttle: Developing an Icon – 1972–2013. Specialty Press. ISBN 978-1-58007-249-6.
↑ https://www.space.com/16769-spaceshipone-first-private-spacecraft.html SpaceShipOne: The First Private Spacecraft. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/rocket.html National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Rocket propulsion. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/10

[2] ttps://ir.aerojetrocketdyne.com/news-releases/news-release-details/aerojet-announces-licensing-and-manufacture-spontaneous?releaseid=708514 Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings, Inc. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25

[3] ttps://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/products/space/hydrazine/index.html IHI Aerospace Co.Ltd. Hydrazine Monopropellant Thrusters. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25

[4] ttps://global.jaxa.jp/projects/engineering/components/lng/index.html Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. LNG Propulsion System. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25

[5] Jenkins, Dennis R. (2016). Space Shuttle: Developing an Icon – 1972–2013. Specialty Press. ISBN 978-1-58007-249-6.

[6] ttps://www.space.com/16769-spaceshipone-first-private-spacecraft.html SpaceShipOne: The First Private Spacecraft. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25

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@@ 3-р мөр: / 3-р мөр: @@
 {{Image
 |Filename=Falcon Heavy Side Boosters landing on LZ1 and LZ2 - 2018 (25254688767).jpg
-|text=ᠹᠠᠯᠻᠣᠨ ᠾᠧᠸᠢ<sup>Falcon Heavy</sup> ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ <br>ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ <br>ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠤ
+|text=<div style = "text-align: left; margin-top: 2vh;">ᠹᠠᠯᠻᠣᠨ ᠾᠧᠸᠢ<sup>Falcon Heavy</sup> ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ <br>ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ <br>ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠤ
 }}
 ᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref name=":0">https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/rocket.html National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Rocket propulsion. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/10</ref>
 ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠫᠤᠦᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃
+ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ [[Ньютоны хөдөлгөөний хуулиуд#ᠨᠧᠸᠲᠣᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ|ᠨᠧᠸᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ]] ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
-ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ [[ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ|ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ]] ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
-ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+<br>
-<br><br>
 __TOC__
 === ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ===
+<br>
+{{Horizontal}}[[File:Rocket Anatomy (PSF).png|thumb|<div style="text-align: center"; >{{Mongolian}}<div style = "text-align: left; ">payload ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ <br>kerosene ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ <br>liquid oxygen ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ <br>fuel pumps ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋<br>valves ᠬᠠᠪᠬᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ <br>combustion chamber ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ</div></div>]]{{Z}}
+<br>
 ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠻᠠᠮᠧᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref name=":0" />
 ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ<sup>kerosn</sup> ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
-ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br><br>
+ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ (ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ) ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
+'''ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ''' ᠨᠢ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ<sup>catalyst</sup> ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
+ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
+ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ (N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽᠠᠲᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠦᠮ (Ir) ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠦᠷᠢᠯ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ<ref>https://ir.aerojetrocketdyne.com/news-releases/news-release-details/aerojet-announces-licensing-and-manufacture-spontaneous?releaseid=708514 Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings, Inc. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25</ref>᠃
+ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ 1000°C ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠽᠣᠲ (N)᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ (H<sub>2</sub>)᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢ<sup>ammonium</sup> ᠬᠡᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠮᠥᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠰᠦᠯ ‍ᠢ (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
+ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ IHI Aerospace ᠻᠣᠷᠫᠣᠷᠠᠼ 1964 ᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠰᠢ 900 ᠾᠢᠲᠠᠽᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ<ref>https://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/products/space/hydrazine/index.html IHI Aerospace Co.Ltd. Hydrazine Monopropellant Thrusters. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25</ref>᠃
+ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ‍‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠡᠩ ‍ᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ [[ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ|ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ]] ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ TDRS-1)᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠭᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ Союз) ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+'''ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ''' ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠡᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ (Восток᠂ Saturn ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ, Союз᠂ Falcon 1᠂ Falcon 9) ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
+ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠦ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ (Space Shuttle ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ᠂ Saturn V ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ Ariane 5᠂ Centaur ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ)᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ CH<sub>4</sub> (BE-4᠂ Raptor ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ<ref>https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/engineering/components/lng/index.html Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. LNG Propulsion System. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25</ref>᠃
+ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠧᠷᠣᠽᠢᠨ50<sup>aerozine50</sup> (50% UDMH, 50% ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ) ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠧᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ (Titan᠂ Apollo ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠯ᠂ Voyager 1᠂ 2) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
+ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠣᠨᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠾᠢᠲᠷᠠᠽᠢᠨ (Monomethylhydrazine, (CH<sub>3</sub>)HN<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠧᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ (Space Suttle ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ Dragon ᠬᠣᠯᠭᠡ) ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠻᠨᠢᠻ<sup>pyrotechnical</sup>᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
+ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢᠰᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠴᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
+'''ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ''' ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ<sup>impulse</sup> ‍ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
+ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ 1988 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ РД-701 ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠩᠬᠦᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃
+ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
+ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
+ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
+<br>
 === ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ===
+<br><br>
 {{Image
-|Filename=Chinese rocket.png
+|Filename=SolidRocketMotor-MN.jpg
-|text=ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ <br>ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠤ
+|text=<div style = "text-align: left; margin-top: 2vh;">ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ
 }}
+<br><br>
+ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ<ref name=":0" />᠃
+ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
+ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (Space Shuttle, 나로호 ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ᠂ SS-520)<ref>Jenkins, Dennis R. (2016). ''Space Shuttle: Developing an Icon – 1972–2013''. Specialty Press. ISBN <bdi>978-1-58007-249-6</bdi>.</ref>᠃
+ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ''ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ'' ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <br><br>
+=== ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ===
+<br>
+{{Horizontal}}[[File:Hybrids big-fr.png|thumb|<div style="text-align: center"; >{{Mongolian}}<div style = "text-align: left; ">réservoir comburant ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ <br>bloc de propergol ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ <br>vanne ᠬᠠᠪᠬᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ <br>système d'allumage ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ <br>injecteur ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠭᠦᠷ <br>tuyère ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ</div></div>]]{{Z}}
 <br><br>
-ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ<ref name=":0" />᠃
+ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩᠭ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃
+ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
+ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ SpaceShipOne 2004 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠠᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<ref>https://www.space.com/16769-spaceshipone-first-private-spacecraft.html SpaceShipOne: The First Private Spacecraft. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/12/25</ref>
 <br><br>
+=== ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ===
+<br>
+ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - rocket - ракета
+ᠵᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ (ᠴᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ) - launch vehicle - ракета-носитель
+ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - chemical rocket engine - химический ракетный двигатель
+ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - liquid-propellant rocket - жидкостный ракетный двигатель
+ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - solid-propellant rocket - твердотопливный ракетный двигатель
+ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - hybrid-propellant rocket - гибридный ракетный двигатель
+ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - monopropellant rocket - однокомпонентный ЖРД
+ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - bipropellant rocket - двухкомпонентный ЖРД
+ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠣᠤᠵᠢᠩ - tripropellant rocket - трехкомпонентный ЖРД
+ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ - combustible - горючее
+ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ - fuel - топливо
+ᠭᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ - ignition - воспламенение
+ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ - thrust - тяга<br><br>
+<br>
 === ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ===
 <references />
 [[Ангилал:ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ]]
 [[Ангилал:ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ]]