"ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд

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(Хэрэглэгчид 2 дундын хувилбарууд харагдахгүй)
17-р мөр: 17-р мөр:
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|style = "height: 100px;"|"ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ"᠂ ᠳᠥᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ)
|style = "height: 100px;"|"ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ"᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ)
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26-р мөр: 26-р мөр:
ᠾᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ “Donghu” ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>Hao᠂ Weimin and Qimudedaoerji᠃ (2007). Outline of Comprehensive History of Inner Mongolia. Beijing᠂ People's Press</ref>
ᠾᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ “Donghu” ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>Hao᠂ Weimin and Qimudedaoerji᠃ (2007). Outline of Comprehensive History of Inner Mongolia. Beijing᠂ People's Press</ref>
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ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ᠯᠤᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ)᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠳᠣᠩ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ<sup>Liao</sup> ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ᠯᠤᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ)᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠩ<sup>Liaodong</sup> ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃


ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ<sup>Xiajiadian upper culture</sup>” (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 1000 – 600 ᠣᠨ) ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ” ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 1300–300 ᠣᠨ) ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<ref>Зорикто Мункин. Первые кочевники Забайкалья. Долина Кижинги 2013/09/20. https://web.archive.org/web/20140525201425/http://kizhinga.ru/index.php/mn/about-kizhinga/106-kray/3211-2013-09-20-01-55-15</ref>
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ<sup>Xiajiadian upper culture</sup>” (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 1000 – 600 ᠣᠨ) ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ” ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 1300–300 ᠣᠨ) ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<ref>Зорикто Мункин. Первые кочевники Забайкалья. Долина Кижинги 2013/09/20. https://web.archive.org/web/20140525201425/http://kizhinga.ru/index.php/mn/about-kizhinga/106-kray/3211-2013-09-20-01-55-15</ref>
72-р мөр: 72-р мөр:
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ‍ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠲᠥᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ‍ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠲᠥᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃


ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ Qin ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 221–206 ᠣᠨ) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 202 – 9 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ Lu Wan ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Lu Wan 195 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠤᠪᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠭᠳᠣᠭ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠶ ‍ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ 1000 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <ref>Yan State. Academic Accelerator. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2023/10/24 ᠃ https://academic-accelerator.com/encyclopedia/yan-state</ref> ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢ Sima Qian (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 145 – 86 ᠣᠨ) ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ <ref>C. Keith Hansley. Lu Wan—A Childhood Friend Of Emperor Gaozu Who Abandoned The Han Dynasty And Became A Nomadic Ruler</ref> Lu Wan ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 194 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠦ Lu Tuozhi ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 144 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠾᠧᠦ (hóu᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ) ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ Qin ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 221–206 ᠣᠨ) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 202 – 9 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ Lu Wan ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Lu Wan 195 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠤᠪᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠭᠳᠣᠭ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠶ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ 1000 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <ref>Yan State. Academic Accelerator. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2023/10/24 ᠃ https://academic-accelerator.com/encyclopedia/yan-state</ref> ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢ Sima Qian (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 145 – 86 ᠣᠨ) ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ <ref>C. Keith Hansley. Lu Wan—A Childhood Friend Of Emperor Gaozu Who Abandoned The Han Dynasty And Became A Nomadic Ruler</ref> Lu Wan ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 194 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠦ Lu Tuozhi ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 144 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠾᠧᠦ (hóu᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ) ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃


ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 45 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠳᠣᠩ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 87 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋᠋ᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ 93 ᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 100000 ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ.᠃ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠯᠢᠩ<sup>Dingling</sup> ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ 95 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃<ref>Crespigny᠂ Rafe de (2007)᠂ A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms᠂ Brill</ref>
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 45 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 87 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋᠋ᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ 93 ᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 100000 ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ.᠃ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠯᠢᠩ<sup>Dingling</sup> ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ 95 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃<ref>Crespigny᠂ Rafe de (2007)᠂ A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms᠂ Brill</ref>
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ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ


ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠦᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃

ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠲᠠ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠥᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

᠎᠎


ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]


align: top
 "ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ"᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ᠎ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ)


ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ (Donghu᠂ Eastern Hu᠂ Eastern Foreigners᠂ Eastern Nomads᠂ Дорнод Ху᠂ Дунху) ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ. ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 600 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 2  ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠾᠢᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠾᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ 《ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠳ》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠾᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ “Donghu” ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[1]
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤLiao ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ᠯᠤᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ)᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠩLiaodong ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃

ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢXiajiadian upper culture” (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 1000 – 600 ᠣᠨ) ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ “ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ” ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 1300–300 ᠣᠨ) ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃[2]
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ[3] ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠾᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃

ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃

ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]



ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]


align: top
 ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ


ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 7 ᠍ ᠳᠦᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ᠂ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃[4]
ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠥᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠾᠢᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ.[5] ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ Zhao᠂ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ Zhao ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 403–222 ᠣᠨ) Wuling ᠸᠠᠩ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 325–299 ᠣᠨ) ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠰᠢ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ Zhao ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠰᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠂ ᠣᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠾᠦ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠥᠷᠲᠥᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠷᠰᠢ Wei᠂ Qi ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮ᠂ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦᠩ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ Zhao ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠤᠨᠤᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Wuling ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠥ᠂ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠥᠰᠡ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ [6] ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠤᠨᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠦᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ “ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠢ” ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃

ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ Qin Kai ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ‍ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ Qin Kai ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 300 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ Gojoseon ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠠᠬᠦᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃[7]
ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠩᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠳᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠷᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠵᠠ᠃

ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]


align: top
 ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠪᠤᠲᠠ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ


ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠶ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 220 - 209 ᠣᠨ) ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃[8] ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ 20 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠮᠣᠭᠳᠣᠭ 209 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠶ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ 209 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠭᠳᠣᠭ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠶ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠴᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠤᠰᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠣᠭᠳᠣᠭ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠶ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠲᠠ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ᠂ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃

ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ‍ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠲᠥᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ Qin ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 221–206 ᠣᠨ) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠦ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 202 – 9 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ Lu Wan ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Lu Wan 195 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠤᠪᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠭᠳᠣᠭ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠶ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ 1000 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ [9] ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢ Sima Qian (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 145 – 86 ᠣᠨ) ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ [10] Lu Wan ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 194 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠦ Lu Tuozhi ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 144 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠾᠧᠦ (hóu᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ) ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 45 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 87 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋᠋ᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ 93 ᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 100000 ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ.᠃ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠯᠢᠩDingling ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ 95 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃[11]

ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]


align: top
 ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠤ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ


ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ 50 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ᠂ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃[12]
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤᠸᠠᠢ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋᠋ᠢᠨ (Tánshíhuái; 141 - 181 ᠣᠨ) ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠴᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
ᠲᠠᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤᠸᠠᠢ 155 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ‍ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤᠸᠠᠢ 166 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠦᠨWusun᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠯᠢᠩ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠲᠠ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠰᠰᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠻᠠᠰᠫᠢ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ Han ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[13][14]
ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ 235 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠰᠡᠯᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ Wei (386–535 ᠣᠨ) ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠨ Yuan ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ (Rouran) ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ (330 – 555 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠣᠩMùróng ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ (284–670 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ 3 ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃

ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ (907 - 1125 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠮᠥᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤ ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (1206 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠬᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠲᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ Yan ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃[15]

ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]


align: top
 ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ


ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ  ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠤᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠺᠦᠮᠣ ᠰᠢ (Kumo Xi) ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠺᠦᠮᠣ ᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠢTatabi.[16] ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ (93-234 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃
ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠿᡆ‍ᡇ‍ᠿᠠᠨRóurán (ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠨ)᠂ ᠲᠦᠸᠧTuòbá (ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ)᠂ ᠮᠦᠷᠥ᠋ᠩMùróng᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠸᠠᠨDuàn᠂ ᠴᠢᠹᠦQǐfú ᠂ ᠲᠦᠹᠠTūfǎ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠢᠦᠢ ᠸᠡᠨYǔwén ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠮᠦᠷᠥ᠋ᠩ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ (284–670 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃[17]
ᠲᠠᠪᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ (386–535 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨYuán ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠿᡆ‍ᡇ‍ᠿᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ (330–555 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠥᠷᠥᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠸᠠᠷPannonian Avars  ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ (567 – 822 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠴᠢᠹᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠲᠦ Qin ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ (385–400᠂ 409–431 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯ᠎ᠠ᠃
ᠲᠦᠹᠠ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ Liáng ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ (397–404᠂ 408–414 ᠣᠨ) ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃

ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢ (916–1125 ᠣᠨ) ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃

ᠢᠦᠢ ᠸᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢShìwéi ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ (744–840 ᠣᠨ) ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ 20 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᡝᠩᠸᡠMěngwù ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠮᡝᠩᠭᡠMěnggǔ ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᡝᠩᠭᡠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠵᠦᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ C2b1a1b ᠾᠠᠫᠯᠣᠭᠷᠦ᠋ᠫhaplogroup ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻᠠ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠣᠯᠥᠭᠢ ‍ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠳᠦ 2018 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠍ ᠳᠦᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠨᠥᠮgenome ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[18] ᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ C2b1a1b ᠾᠠᠫᠯᠣᠭᠷᠦ᠋ᠫ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠾᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠾᠤ - Eastern Hu, Donghu

ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠧᠢ - Xianbei

ᠮᡝᠩᠭᡠ ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ - Menggu Shiwei

ᠾᠢᠶᠣᠩᠨᠦ - Xiongnu

ᠣᠪᠤᠭ - clan

ᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ - tribe

ᠠᠶ᠋᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ - tribal confederation

ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ - ethnos

ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ - Bronze Age

ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ - Iron Age

ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠦᠶ - Chanyu

ᠸᠠᠩ - Wang, King

ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ - to pay tribute

ᠤᠤᠯᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ - to raid

ᠤᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ - raid(s)

ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠵᠦᠢ - genetics

ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ - ethnography

ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ - archeology

"ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ" - Upper Xiajiadian Culture

ᠳᠥᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ - Slab Grave Culture



ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]

  1. ↑ Hao᠂ Weimin and Qimudedaoerji᠃ (2007). Outline of Comprehensive History of Inner Mongolia. Beijing᠂ People's Press
  2. ↑ Зорикто Мункин. Первые кочевники Забайкалья. Долина Кижинги 2013/09/20. https://web.archive.org/web/20140525201425/http://kizhinga.ru/index.php/mn/about-kizhinga/106-kray/3211-2013-09-20-01-55-15
  3. ↑ Shimunek᠂ Andrew (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family᠂ with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10855-3. https://www.worldcat.org/title/993110372
  4. ↑ Дашибалов Эрдэм Баирович. Древний этап истории монголоязычных народов. Вестник Бурятского Государственного Университета 2014/08. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/drevniy-etap-istorii-mongoloyazychnyh-narodov/viewer
  5. ↑ Ma᠂ Changshou (1962). Wuhuan and Xianbei. Shanghai᠂ Shanghai renmin chubanshe.
  6. ↑ Ulrich Theobald. King Wuling of Zhao. ChinaKnowledge.de -An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History᠂ Literature and Art 2019/03/09. http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Zhou/personszhaowulingwang.html
  7. ↑ Adam T. Kessler. Empires Beyond the Great Wall: The Heritage of Genghis Khan. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (1993)᠂ p᠃ 44.
  8. ↑ Watson᠂ Burton᠃ (1993). Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian. Translated by Burton Watson. Revised Edition. Columbia University Press.
  9. ↑ Yan State. Academic Accelerator. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2023/10/24 ᠃ https://academic-accelerator.com/encyclopedia/yan-state
  10. ↑ C. Keith Hansley. Lu Wan—A Childhood Friend Of Emperor Gaozu Who Abandoned The Han Dynasty And Became A Nomadic Ruler
  11. ↑ Crespigny᠂ Rafe de (2007)᠂ A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms᠂ Brill
  12. ↑ Таскин В. С. Материалы по истории древних кочевых народов группы дунху / Н. Ц. Мункуев. — Москва: Наука, 1984.
  13. ↑ Grousset᠂ Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp᠃ 53–54. ISBN 978-0-8135-1304-1. https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/52/mode/2up
  14. ↑ “Nomads in Central Asia.” N. Ishjamts. In: History of civilizations of Central Asia᠂ Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D᠃ 250. Harmatta᠂ János᠂ ed.᠂ 1994. Paris: UNESCO Publishing᠂ pp᠃ 155–156.
  15. ↑ Juliano᠂ Annette L (1991)᠃ “The Warring States Period—The State of Qin᠂ Yan᠂ Chu᠂ and Pazyryk: A Historical Footnote”. Notes in the History of Art.
  16. ↑ Markus Milligan. The Guyaju Caves. Heritage Daily 2022/05/02᠃ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/05/the-guyaju-caves/143481
  17. ↑ ᠳ ∙ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ᠃ Mongolcom 2014/08/16. http://www.mongolcom.mn/kids/id/12406
  18. ↑ Li᠂ Jiawei; et al᠃ (August 2018)᠃ “The genome of an ancient Rouran individual reveals an important paternal lineage in the Donghu population”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. American Association of Physical Anthropologists᠃ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29681138/
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