21:10, 18 Хоёрдугаар сар 2021-ий байдлаарх засвар

ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ

ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨ᠍^tonne ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭᠷᠠᠮ^milligram ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃^[1]

ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠢᠮᠫᠦᠯᠰ^impulse ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠌ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃^[2]

ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ

ᠣᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ᠃ ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃

ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ^electron (e−) ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ^positron (e+) ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ ( $\gamma$ ) ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃

$e^{-}+e^{+}\rightarrow \gamma +\gamma$

ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠤᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ^energy ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ (ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠤᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠥᠯᠤᠪ (ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ) ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃^[3]
ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ-ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠤᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠩᠬᠦᠷ (ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠪᠣᠯ^parabola) ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤᠢᠢᠴᠠ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠣᠳᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠯ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ

ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ

ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ 10 ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ 250 ᠰᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠯᠯᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃^[1]

ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃^[1]

ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠰᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠠᠮ

ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠷᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ

ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠴᠥᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃^[1]

ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ

ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ - matter - материя
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ - antimatter -антиматерия
ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ - particle - частица
ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ - antiparticle - античастица
ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ (ᠠᠩᠨᠢᠾᠢᠯᠠᠼ) - annihilation - аннигиляция
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ - speed of light - скорость света
ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ (ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮ) - electron - электрон
ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ - positron - позитрон
ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ- gamma quantum - гамма-квант
ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ - gamma ray, gamma radiation - гамма лучи, гамма излучение
ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ (ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ) - photon - фотон

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/home/antimatter_spaceship.html NASA. Beyond Earth. New and Improved Antimatter Spaceship for Mars Missions. By Bill Steigerwald. 2006/04/14. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/08
↑ https://sites.google.com/site/dvigatelibudusego/informacia-o-proekte/fotonnye-dvigateli Двигатели будущего. Фотонные двигатели. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/12
↑ http://astrolab.ru/cgi-bin/manager.cgi-id=23&num=1354.html Проблема реактивной тяги на сегодняшний день и в ближайшем будущем (Фотонный двигатель). ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2012/02/12

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/home/antimatter_spaceship.html NASA. Beyond Earth. New and Improved Antimatter Spaceship for Mars Missions. By Bill Steigerwald. 2006/04/14. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/08

[2] ttps://sites.google.com/site/dvigatelibudusego/informacia-o-proekte/fotonnye-dvigateli Двигатели будущего. Фотонные двигатели. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/12

[3] ttp://astrolab.ru/cgi-bin/manager.cgi-id=23&num=1354.html Проблема реактивной тяги на сегодняшний день и в ближайшем будущем (Фотонный двигатель). ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2012/02/12

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[2]

[3]

@@ 5-р мөр: / 5-р мөр: @@
 ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨ᠍<sup>tonne</sup> ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭᠷᠠᠮ<sup>milligram</sup> ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<ref name=":0">https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/home/antimatter_spaceship.html NASA. Beyond Earth. New and Improved Antimatter Spaceship for Mars Missions. By Bill Steigerwald. 2006/04/14. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/08</ref> <br>
-ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠢᠮᠫᠦᠯᠰ<sup>impulse</sup> ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠥᠨ  ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠌ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃<ref>https://sites.google.com/site/dvigatelibudusego/informacia-o-proekte/fotonnye-dvigateli Двигатели будущего. Фотонные двигатели. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/12</ref> <br><br>
+ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠢᠮᠫᠦᠯᠰ<sup>impulse</sup> ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠥᠨ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ‍ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠌ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃<ref>https://sites.google.com/site/dvigatelibudusego/informacia-o-proekte/fotonnye-dvigateli Двигатели будущего. Фотонные двигатели. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/12</ref> <br><br>
 __TOC__
 == ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ==
@@ 15-р мөр: / 15-р мөр: @@
 }}
 <br>
-ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ<sup>electron</sup> {{Horizontal}}(''e−''){{Z}} ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ<sup>positron</sup> {{Horizontal}}(''e+''){{Z}} ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ {{Horizontal}}(<math>\gamma</math>){{Z}} ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃  <br><br>
+ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ<sup>electron</sup> {{Horizontal}}(''e−''){{Z}} ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ [[ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ|ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ]] ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ<sup>positron</sup> {{Horizontal}}(''e+''){{Z}} ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ {{Horizontal}}(<math>\gamma</math>){{Z}} ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃  <br><br>
 <span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;">
 <br><br><br><br>
@@ 24-р мөр: / 24-р мөр: @@
 ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ-ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠤᠩ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
-ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠩᠬᠦᠷ (ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠪᠣᠯ<sup>parabola</sup>) ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
+ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠮᠠ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠩᠬᠦᠷ (ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠪᠣᠯ<sup>parabola</sup>) ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ [[ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ]] ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
 ᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤᠢᠢᠴᠠ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠣᠳᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <br><br>
@@ 55-р мөр: / 55-р мөр: @@
 }}
 <br>
-ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
+ᠫᠣᠰᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ [[ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠫᠤᠤᠵᠢᠩ]] ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
 ᠴᠥᠮ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃<ref name=":0" />