"ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд

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<b>ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ</b> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]] ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
<b>ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ</b> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ [[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]] ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ <ruby>ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷ<rt>indicator</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ <ruby>ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ<rt>litmus</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽ<rt>catalysis</rt></ruby>) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/acid Britannica. Base (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ <ruby>ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷ<rt>indicator</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ <ruby>ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰ<rt>litmus</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ [[ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ]] ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽ<rt>catalysis</rt></ruby>) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/acid Britannica. Base (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18]</ref><br>
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <ruby>ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ<rt>dissociation</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠢᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ <ruby>ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ<rt>dissociation</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}OH<sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ᠢᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref><br>
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref><br>
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NH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + OH<sup>−</sup>{{Z}}<br>
NH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + OH<sup>−</sup>{{Z}}<br>
ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠲᠣ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref> Рудзитис Г. Е., Фельдман Ф. Г. Химия. Неорганическая химия. Органическая химия. 9 класс. — 13-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 2009. —ISBN 978-5-09-021-625-8 </ref><br><br>
ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠲᠣ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref> Рудзитис Г. Е., Фельдман Ф. Г. Химия. Неорганическая химия. Органическая химия. 9 класс. — 13-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 2009. —ISBN 978-5-09-021-625-8 </ref><br><br>
==
=ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ=
<br><br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠲᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠾᠶᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠄ {{Horizontal}}LiOH᠂<br>NaOH ᠂<br>Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br>
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠄ {{Horizontal}}Cu(OH) <sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Zn(OH) <sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠾᠶᠳᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ <br>
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ {{Horizontal}}LiOH{{Z}} - ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; {{Horizontal}}Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}} - ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; {{Horizontal}}Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>{{Z}} - ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠃<br>
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠼᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠼ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br>
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ <ruby>ᠠᠮᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ<rt>amphoteros</rt></ruby> ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃<br>
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄
{{Horizontal}} Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Zr(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br> Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>᠂<br>Be(OH)<sub>2</sub>᠂<br>Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub>{{Z}}᠃<br><br>
=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ=
[[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]
[[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]

20:02, 21 Есдүгээр сар 2020-ий байдлаарх засвар

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃[1]
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤᠷᠢᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷindicator ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰlitmus ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽcatalysis) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃[2]
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼdissociation OH- ᠢᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ [3]
ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠶᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ OH- ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃






MeOH = Me+ + OH-


ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄
Me+ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠧᠲᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎᠂
OH- ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋hydroxide ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠃

ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄






NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O
ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢsodium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂

Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + 2H2O
ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢcalcium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋᠂



OH- ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠯᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋: (NaOH;
Ca(OH)2;
Al(OH)3)

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ. ᠨᠠᠲᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠮᠢᠶᠠᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃






Na2CO3 + H2O → 2Na+ + HCO3 + OH

NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH

ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠲᠣ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃[4]

ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠲᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠾᠶᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠄ LiOH᠂
NaOH ᠂
Ca(OH)2

ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠄ Cu(OH) 2
Zn(OH) 2
Fe(OH)2
Al(OH)3

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠾᠶᠳᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ LiOH - ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; Mg(OH)2 - ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ; Fe(OH)3 - ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠃
ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠥᠼᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠻᠣᠨ᠍ᠼᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠼ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠮᠫᠾᠣᠲ᠋ᠧᠷamphoteros ᠾᠢᠲᠷᠣᠻᠰᠢᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠢ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ Al(OH)3
Zn(OH)2
Zr(OH)3
Fe(OH)3
Be(OH)2
Pb(OH)2


ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

  1. Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18
  2. Britannica. Base (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18
  3. А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989
  4. Рудзитис Г. Е., Фельдман Ф. Г. Химия. Неорганическая химия. Органическая химия. 9 класс. — 13-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 2009. —ISBN 978-5-09-021-625-8