"ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
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ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ {{Horizontal}}<i>H<sup>+</sup></i>{{Z}} ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ {{Horizontal}}<i>OH<sup>–</sup></i>{{Z}} ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/salts-types-hydrolysis The Learning App Byju's. Salt chemistry. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref><br> | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ {{Horizontal}}<i>H<sup>+</sup></i>{{Z}} ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ {{Horizontal}}<i>OH<sup>–</sup></i>{{Z}} ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/salts-types-hydrolysis The Learning App Byju's. Salt chemistry. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref><br> | ||
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br> | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/salt-acid-base-reactions Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref>᠄ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/salt-acid-base-reactions Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref>᠄<br> | ||
<dd><b>ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ + ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ → ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ + ᠤᠰᠤ</b></dd><br> | |||
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋᠄ {{Horizontal}}<i>NaCl</i>{{Z}}᠂ {{Horizontal}}<i>CuCl<sub>2</sub></i>{{Z}}᠃ <br><br> | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋᠄ {{Horizontal}}<i>NaCl</i>{{Z}}᠂ {{Horizontal}}<i>CuCl<sub>2</sub></i>{{Z}}᠃ <br><br> | ||
| 16-р мөр: | 16-р мөр: | ||
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠥᠨ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄<br> | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠥᠨ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄<br> | ||
<dd><ruby>ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ {{Horizontal}}NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | |||
<dd><ruby>ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢ<rt>calcium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}Ca<sup>2+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | |||
<dd>ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ {{Horizontal}}Fe<sup>2+</sup><br>{{Mongolian}}ᠪᠠ{{Z}}<br>Fe<sup>3+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | |||
<dd><ruby>ᠮᠠᠭᠨᠢ<rt>magnesium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}<br>Mg<sup>2+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | |||
<dd><ruby>ᠻᠠᠯᠢ<rt>potassium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}K<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | |||
<dd><ruby>ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠨᠢ<rt>pyridinium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NH<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | |||
<dd><ruby>ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠮᠢᠠᠻ<rt>quaternary ammonium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NR<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup><p style="text-align:center;">᠂<p style="text-align:center;">R</p>{{Z}}ᠨᠢ <ruby>ᠠᠯᠻᠢᠯ<rt>alkyl</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ <ruby>ᠠᠷᠢᠯ<rt>aryl</rt></ruby> ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ<br> | |||
<dd>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ {{Horizontal}}Na<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | |||
<dd>ᠵᠡᠰ {{Horizontal}}Cu<sup>2+</sup>{{Z}}</dd><br><br> | |||
=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ= | =ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ= | ||
14:42, 23 Есдүгээр сар 2020-ий байдлаарх засвар
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ H+ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ OH– ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃[1]
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃[2]᠄
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋᠄ NaCl᠂ CuCl2᠃
ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠯᠢᠲ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[3]
ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠥᠨ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄
ᠪᠠ
Fe3+
Mg2+
᠂
R
ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠻᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ
ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ
давс
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ