"Харанхуй матери"-ны өөр хувилбарууд

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<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; ">ᠻᠸᠠᠽᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ<br>ᠳᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ<br>ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ<br>ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ<br>ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ]]</span>
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; ">ᠻᠸᠠᠽᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ<br>ᠳᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ<br>ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ<br>ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ<br>ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ]]</span>
ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠯᠥᠭᠢ᠂ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ '''ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠧᠷᠢ''' ᠠᠨᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠯᠥᠭᠢ᠂ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ '''ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠧᠷᠢ''' ᠠᠨᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠴᠢ <small><small>Fritz Zwicky</small></small> <small><small>1930</small></small>- ᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ <small><small>10</small></small> ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ <small><small>90</small></small> ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ 'ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ' ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃<ref>Fritz Zwicky. Die Rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen Nebeln // Helvetica Physica Acta. — 1933</ref> ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠧᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ <small><small>500</small></small> ᠭᠷᠠᠮᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠬᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃  
ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠴᠢ Fritz Zwicky 1930- ᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 10 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 90 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ 'ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ' ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃<ref>Fritz Zwicky. Die Rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen Nebeln // Helvetica Physica Acta. — 1933</ref> ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠧᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ 500 ᠭᠷᠠᠮᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠬᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃  


=ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ=
=ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ=
ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃  
ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃  
ᠬᠠᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ <small><small>WIMP</small></small> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>Copi, C.J.; Schramm, D.N.; Turner, M.S. (1995). "Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Baryon Density of the U</ref> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ <small><small>(neutron)</small></small> ᠰᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ<small><small>(proton)</small></small> ᠡᠴᠡ <small><small>10-100</small></small> ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠠᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ WIMP ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>Copi, C.J.; Schramm, D.N.; Turner, M.S. (1995). "Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Baryon Density of the U</ref> ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ (neutron) ᠰᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ (proton) ᠡᠴᠡ 10-100 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ <small><small>(neutrino)</small></small> ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠥᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠣᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ (neutrino) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠥᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠣᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠨ <small><small>(axion)</small></small> ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠣᠯᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃<ref> Peccei R. D., Quinn H. R. CP Conservation in the Presence of Pseudoparticles (англ.) // Physical Review Letters. — 1977. — Vol. 38. — P. 1440—1443. — ISSN 0031-9007. </ref> ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠰᠢᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠦ ᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃
ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠨ (axion) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠣᠯᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃<ref> Peccei R. D., Quinn H. R. CP Conservation in the Presence of Pseudoparticles (англ.) // Physical Review Letters. — 1977. — Vol. 38. — P. 1440—1443. — ISSN 0031-9007. </ref> ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠰᠢᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠦ ᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃


=ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ=
=ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ=
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:NGC 1052-DF2 a ghostly galaxy lacking dark matter.jpg|thumb|
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:NGC 1052-DF2 a ghostly galaxy lacking dark matter.jpg|thumb|
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; ">ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ<br>ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ<br>ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ]]</span>
<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; ">ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ<br>ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ<br>ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ]]</span>
ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ <small><small>2018</small></small> ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ <small><small>NGC 1052-DF2</small></small> ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ 2018 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ NGC 1052-DF2 ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
ᠧᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠧᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
=ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=
=ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ=
<small><small><small>
{{Horizontal}}
dark matter<br>
dark matter<br>
темная материя
темная материя
</small></small></small>
{{Z}}
=ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
=ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ=
<small><small><small>
{{Horizontal}}


[[Category:ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ]]
[[Category:ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ]]

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ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ
ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ

ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠻᠣᠰᠮᠣᠯᠥᠭᠢ᠂ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠧᠷᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠴᠢ Fritz Zwicky 1930- ᠊ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 10 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 90 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ 'ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ' ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃[1] ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠧᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ 500 ᠭᠷᠠᠮᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠬᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃

ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ

ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠬᠠᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ WIMP ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[2] ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ (neutron) ᠰᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ (proton) ᠡᠴᠡ 10-100 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ (neutrino) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠥᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠣᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠨ (axion) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠣᠯᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃[3] ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠰᠢᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠦ ᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃

ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ

ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ
ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ
ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ

ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ 2018 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ NGC 1052-DF2 ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠧᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

dark matter
темная материя

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

  1. Fritz Zwicky. Die Rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen Nebeln // Helvetica Physica Acta. — 1933
  2. Copi, C.J.; Schramm, D.N.; Turner, M.S. (1995). "Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Baryon Density of the U
  3. Peccei R. D., Quinn H. R. CP Conservation in the Presence of Pseudoparticles (англ.) // Physical Review Letters. — 1977. — Vol. 38. — P. 1440—1443. — ISSN 0031-9007.