ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ

ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ (blockchain) ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ (cryptography) ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠢᠽᠢᠨᠧᠰ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠾᠠᠱ (cryptographic hash)᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ (timestamp)᠂ ᠭᠦᠢᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ (transaction data) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠧᠷᠻᠯᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ^Merkle ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠾᠠᠰ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠭᠦᠢᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠥᠷᠲᠥᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍ᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ

ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ 1991 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ (digital) ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠩᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠱᠢ ᠨᠠᠻᠠᠮᠣᠲ᠋ᠣ^{Satoshi Nakamoto} ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ 2009 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠲ᠋ᠻᠣᠢᠢᠨ^bitcoin ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠻᠷᠢᠫᠲᠣᠸᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ (distributed) ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠦᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠾᠠᠱ^hash ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠾᠠᠱ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠢᠲ᠋ᠻᠣᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠾᠠᠱ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠾᠠᠱ ‍‍ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠤᠨ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠶᠤᠮ᠎᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠤᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠾᠠᠱ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠤᠨ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠂ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ genesis block ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠦᠵᠪᠷᠰᠦ᠄ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠤᠨ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨᠲᠡᠢ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠥᠨᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠤᠨ ᠾᠠᠱ ‍ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ proof-of-work ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ proof-of-work ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠢᠲ᠋ᠻᠣᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠤᠨ proof-of-work ‍᠎ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ 10 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍ᠤᠨ proof-of-work ‍ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠾᠠᠱ ᠪᠠ proof-of-work ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ (distribution) ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ peer-to-peer ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ (node) ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠯᠴᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ‍‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍‍ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ proof-of-work ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ 50 ᠍ᠡᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠤᠪ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ ᠯᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠯᠣᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ! ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ (smart contracts) ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠮᠠᠲ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠭᠣᠰ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ‍ᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮ ᠨᠣᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃

ᠫᠷᠣᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ

ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠫᠷᠥᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Python, Solidity, Simplicity, CX, Go, Ruby, Rust, Rholang ᠭᠡᠬᠶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠣᠭᠦᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃

ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠫᠷᠣᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠻᠣᠳ᠋ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ C# ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠄

public class BlockChain

{

   private readonly int _proofOfWorkDifficulty;

   private readonly double _miningReward;

   private List<Transaction> _pendingTransactions;

   public List<Block> Chain { get; set; }

   public BlockChain(int proofOfWorkDifficulty, int miningReward)

   {

      _proofOfWorkDifficulty = proofOfWorkDifficulty;

      _miningReward = miningReward;

      _pendingTransactions = new List<Transaction>();

      Chain = new List<Block> {CreateGenesisBlock()};

   }

   public void CreateTransaction(Transaction transaction)

   {

      _pendingTransactions.Add(transaction);

   }

   public void MineBlock(string minerAddress)

   {

      Transaction minerRewardTransaction = new Transaction(null, minerAddress, _miningReward);

      _pendingTransactions.Add(minerRewardTransaction);

      Block block = new Block(DateTime.Now, _pendingTransactions);

      block.MineBlock(_proofOfWorkDifficulty);

      block.PreviousHash = Chain.Last().Hash;

      Chain.Add(block);

      _pendingTransactions = new List();

   }

   public bool IsValidChain()

   {

       for (int i = 1; i < Chain.Count; i++)

       {

          Block previousBlock = Chain[i - 1];

          Block currentBlock = Chain[i];

          if (currentBlock.Hash != currentBlock.CreateHash())

              return false;

          if (currentBlock.PreviousHash != previousBlock.Hash)

              return false;

       }

      return true;

   }

   public double GetBalance(string address)

   {

      double balance = 0;

      foreach (Block block in Chain)

       {

          foreach (Transaction transaction in block.Transactions)

          {

              if (transaction.From == address)

              {

                   balance -= transaction.Amount;

              }

              if (transaction.To == address)

              {

                   balance += transaction.Amount;

              }

          }

       }

      return balance;

   }

   private Block CreateGenesisBlock()

   {

      List transactions = new List<Transaction> {new Transaction("", "", 0)};

      return new Block(DateTime.Now, transactions, "0");

   }

}

ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠭ᠋ᠷᠠᠮᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ

·       ᠪᠯᠠᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂

·       ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠫᠷᠣᠭᠷᠠᠮᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ‍ᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠢᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ᠂

·       ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂

·       ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂

·       ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂

·       ᠠᠯᠭᠣᠷᠢᠲ᠋ᠾᠮ᠂ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠴᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠃

ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ

ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠦᠷᠢ

ᠪᠯᠣᠺᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠃

Santander ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢ 2018 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠯᠣᠺᠴᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ. 《Santander One Pay FX》 ᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠪᠯᠣᠺᠴᠧᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠮᠠᠲᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠩᠻᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠣᠮᠬᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ Santander ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠲᠥᠰᠥᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃

ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ

ᠪᠯᠣᠺᠴᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃

ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠮᠣᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠯᠣᠺᠴᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ

ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠩᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ) ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ

ᠪᠯᠣᠺᠴᠧᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ. ᠾᠠᠻᠧᠷ ‍ᠤᠳhackers ᠪᠯᠣᠺᠴᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠧᠷᠮᠢᠨᠠᠯ ᠷᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠠ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ID ‍ᠳᠦ ᠨᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠴᠢ ID ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠺᠢᠪᠧᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ

ᠺᠢᠪᠧᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠦᠰᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠺᠴᠧᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ end-to-end encryption (E2EE) ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ

ᠪᠯᠠᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ

ᠪᠯᠠᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠧᠲ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ᠄ • ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠄ ᠠᠴᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠥᠰᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠃ • ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠄ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦᠶᠢᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠯᠣᠺᠴᠧᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠨ IoT ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠽᠢᠨ᠋ᠧᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ Business Insider Intelligence ᠍ ᠠᠴᠠ IoT ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 17% ᠨᠢ ᠪᠯᠣᠺᠴᠧᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ IoT ᠍ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠻᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠣᠸᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ

ᠻᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠵᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠯᠠᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠢᠲᠻᠣᠢᠢᠨ᠂ ᠧᠲ᠋ᠾᠧᠷᠧᠦ᠋ᠮ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 5000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠻᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠲᠣᠻᠧᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠻᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠣᠸᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ ‍ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠯᠯᠠᠷ᠂ ᠧᠦᠷᠣ᠂ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠸᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ

ᠪᠯᠣᠻᠴᠧᠢᠢᠨ - blockchain - блокчейн ᠪᠯᠣᠻ - block - блок

ᠾᠠᠱ - hash - хеш-сумма

ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ - node - узел

ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ - peer-to-peer network - одноранговая сеть

ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ - smart contract - смарт контракт

ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠎ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ - private key - закрытый ключ

ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ᠎ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ - public key - открытый ключ

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ